cradle

A high-level, caching, CouchDB client for Node.js

introduction

Cradle is an asynchronous javascript client for CouchDB. It is somewhat higher-level than most other CouchDB clients, requiring a little less knowledge of CouchDB's REST API. Cradle also has built-in write-through caching, giving you an extra level of speed, and making document updates and deletion easier. Cradle was built from the love of CouchDB and Node.js, and tries to make the most out of this wonderful marriage of technologies.

philosophy

The key concept here is the common ground shared by CouchDB and Node.js, that is, javascript. The other important aspect of this marriage is the asynchronous behaviors of both these technologies. Cradle tries to make use of these symmetries, whenever it can. Cradle's API, although closely knit with CouchDB's, isn't overly so. Whenever the API can be abstracted in a friendlier, simpler way, that's the route it takes. So even though a large part of the Cradle <--> CouchDB mappings are one to one, some Cradle functions, such as save(), can perform more than one operation, depending on how they are used.

synopsis

  var cradle = require('cradle');
  var db = new(cradle.Connection)().database('starwars');

  db.get('vader', function (err, doc) {
      doc.name; // 'Darth Vader'
      assert.equal(doc.force, 'dark');
  });

  db.save('skywalker', {
      force: 'light',
      name: 'Luke Skywalker'
  }, function (err, res) {
      if (err) {
          // Handle error
      } else {
          // Handle success
      }
  });

installation

  $ npm install cradle

API

Cradle's API builds right on top of Node's asynch API. Every asynch method takes a callback as its last argument. The return value is an event.EventEmitter, so listeners can also be optionally added.

Opening a connection

  new(cradle.Connection)('http://living-room.couch', 5984, {
      cache: true,
      raw: false
  });

Defaults to 127.0.0.1:5984

Note that you can also use cradle.setup to set a global configuration:

  cradle.setup({
    host: 'living-room.couch',
    cache: true,
    raw: false
  });

  var c = new(cradle.Connection),
     cc = new(cradle.Connection)('173.45.66.92');

creating a database

  var db = c.database('starwars');
  db.create();

checking for database existence

You can check if a database exists with the exists() method.

  db.exists(function (err, exists) {
    if (err) {
      console.log('error', err);
    } else if (exists) {
      console.log('the force is with you.');
    } else {
      console.log('database does not exists.');
      db.create();
      /* populate design documents */
    }
  });

destroy a database

  db.destroy(cb);

fetching a document (GET)

  db.get('vader', function (err, doc) {
      console.log(doc);
  });

If you want to get a specific revision for that document, you can pass it as the 2nd parameter to get().

Cradle is also able to fetch multiple documents if you have a list of ids, just pass an array to get:

  db.get(['luke', 'vader'], function (err, doc) { ... });

Querying a view

  db.view('characters/all', function (err, res) {
      res.forEach(function (row) {
          console.log("%s is on the %s side of the force.", row.name, row.force);
      });
  });

You can access the key and value of the response with forEach using two parameters. An optional third parameter will return the id like this example.

  db.view('characters/all', function (err, res) {
      res.forEach(function (key, row, id) {
          console.log("%s has view key %s.", row.name, key);
      });
  });

To use View Generation Options you can use the view Method with three parameters (viewname, options, callback):

  db.view('characters/all', {group: true, reduce: true} , function (err, res) {
      res.forEach(function (row) {
          console.log("%s is on the %s side of the force.", row.name, row.force);
      });
  });

Querying a row with a specific key

Lets suppose that you have a design document that you've created:

  db.save('_design/user', {
    views: {
      byUsername: {
        map: 'function (doc) { if (doc.resource === 'User') { emit(doc.username, doc) } }'
      }
    }
  });

In CouchDB you could query this view directly by making an HTTP request to:

  /_design/User/_view/byUsername/?key="luke"

In cradle you can make this same query by using the .view() database function:

  db.view('user/byUsername', { key: 'luke' }, function (err, doc) {
      console.dir(doc);
  });

creating/updating documents

In general, document creation is done with the save() method, while updating is done with merge().

creating with an id (PUT)

  db.save('vader', {
      name: 'darth', force: 'dark'
  }, function (err, res) {
      // Handle response
  });

creating without an id (POST)

  db.save({
      force: 'dark', name: 'Darth'
  }, function (err, res) {
      // Handle response
  });

updating an existing document with the revision

  db.save('luke', '1-94B6F82', {
      force: 'dark', name: 'Luke'
  }, function (err, res) {
      // Handle response
  });

Note that when saving a document this way, CouchDB overwrites the existing document with the new one. If you want to update only certain fields of the document, you have to fetch it first (with get), make your changes, then resave the modified document with the above method.

If you only want to update one or more attributes, and leave the others untouched, you can use the merge() method:

  db.merge('luke', {jedi: true}, function (err, res) {
      // Luke is now a jedi,
      // but remains on the dark side of the force.
  });

Note that we didn't pass a _rev, this only works because we previously saved a full version of 'luke', and the cache option is enabled.

bulk insertion

If you want to insert more than one document at a time, for performance reasons, you can pass an array to save():

  db.save([
      { name: 'Yoda' },
      { name: 'Han Solo' },
      { name: 'Leia' }
  ], function (err, res) {
      // Handle response
  });

creating views

Here we create a design document named 'characters', with two views: 'all' and 'darkside'.

  db.save('_design/characters', {
      all: {
          map: function (doc) {
              if (doc.name) emit(doc.name, doc);
          }
      },
      darkside: {
          map: function (doc) {
              if (doc.name && doc.force == 'dark') {
                  emit(null, doc);
              }
          }
      }
  });

These views can later be queried with db.view('characters/all'), for example.

Here we create a temporary view. WARNING: do not use this in production as it is extremely slow (use it to test views).

  db.temporaryView({
      map: function (doc) {
        if (doc.color) emit(doc._id, doc);
      }
    }, function (err, res) {
      if (err) console.log(err);
      console.log(res);
  });

Note: If you must use View Generation Options on your temporary view you can use the three parameter version of the temporaryView() Method - similar to the one described above.

creating validation

when saving a design document, cradle guesses you want to create a view, mention views explicitly to work around this.

  db.save('_design/laws', {
    views: {},
    validate_doc_update:
      function (newDoc, oldDoc, usrCtx) {
        if (! /^(light|dark|neutral)$/.test(newDoc.force))
          throw { error: "invalid value", reason:"force must be dark, light, or neutral" }
      }
    }
  });

removing documents (DELETE)

To remove a document, you call the remove() method, passing the latest document revision.

  db.remove('luke', '1-94B6F82', function (err, res) {
      // Handle response
  });

If remove is called without a revision, and the document was recently fetched from the database, it will attempt to use the cached document's revision, providing caching is enabled.

Connecting with authentication and SSL

  var connection = new(cradle.Connection)('https://couch.io', 443, {
      auth: { username: 'john', password: 'fha82l' }
  });

or

  var connection = new(cradle.Connection)('couch.io', 443, {
      secure: true,
      auth: { username: 'john', password: 'fha82l' }
  });

Changes API

For a one-time _changes query, simply call db.changes with a callback:

  db.changes(function (err, list) {
      list.forEach(function (change) { console.log(change) });
  });

Or if you want to see changes since a specific sequence number:

  db.changes({ since: 42 }, function (err, list) {
      ...
  });

The callback will receive the list of changes as an Array. If you want to include the affected documents, simply pass include_docs: true in the options.

Streaming

You can also stream changes, by calling db.changes without the callback. This API uses the excellent follow library from IrisCouch:

  var feed = db.changes({ since: 42 });

  feed.on('change', function (change) {
      console.log(change);
  });

In this case, it returns an instance of follow.Feed, which behaves very similarly to node's EventEmitter API. For full documentation on the options available to you when monitoring CouchDB with .changes() see the follow documentation.

Other API methods

CouchDB Server level

  new(cradle.Connection)().*

• databases(): Get list of databases
• config(): Get server config
• info(): Get server information
• stats(): Statistics overview
• activeTasks(): Get list of currently active tasks
• uuids(count): Get count list of UUIDs
• replicate(options): Replicate a database.

database level

  new(cradle.Connection)().database('starwars').*

• info(): Database information
• all(): Get all documents
• compact(): Compact database
• viewCleanup(): Cleanup old view data
• replicate(target, options): Replicate this database to target.

Testing

After cloning the repo and installing all dependencies (using npm install) you can run all tests using vows:

$ node test/helpers/seed.js
$ vows --spec