WIP: threading support #4559
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WIP: threading support #4559
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This was referenced Oct 28, 2024
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Size difference with the dev branch: Binary size differenceflash ram before after diff before after diff 75776 75528 -248 -0.33% 7480 7472 -8 -0.11% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=p1am-100 ./examples/p1am/main.go 338356 338116 -240 -0.07% 15396 15368 -28 -0.18% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=matrixportal-m4 -stack-size 8kb ./examples/net/webstatic/ 286056 285860 -196 -0.07% 17812 17820 8 0.04% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=wioterminal -stack-size 8kb ./examples/net/webserver/ 287076 286920 -156 -0.05% 18212 18204 -8 -0.04% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=wioterminal -stack-size 8kb ./examples/net/mqttclient/paho/ 13720 13712 -8 -0.06% 4940 4940 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=nucleo-wl55jc ./examples/sx126x/lora_rxtx/ 83056 83048 -8 -0.01% 6588 6588 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=nucleo-wl55jc ./examples/lora/lorawan/atcmd/ 16844 16844 0 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0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=xiao ./examples/ili9341/basic 29488 29488 0 0.00% 38076 38076 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pyportal ./examples/ili9341/pyportal_boing 10136 10136 0 0.00% 6924 6924 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pyportal ./examples/ili9341/scroll 10696 10696 0 0.00% 4876 4876 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=xiao ./examples/ili9341/scroll 11696 11696 0 0.00% 4788 4788 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=circuitplay-express ./examples/lis3dh/main.go 26092 26092 0 0.00% 2328 2328 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/lsm303agr/main.go 12412 12412 0 0.00% 4796 4796 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=arduino-nano33 ./examples/lsm6ds3/main.go 10708 10708 0 0.00% 4748 4748 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 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3340 3340 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pico ./examples/touch/capacitive 9504 9504 0 0.00% 6788 6788 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pyportal ./examples/touch/resistive/fourwire/main.go 12572 12572 0 0.00% 6984 6984 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pyportal ./examples/touch/resistive/pyportal_touchpaint/main.go 14956 14956 0 0.00% 4756 4756 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/vl53l1x/main.go 13436 13436 0 0.00% 4756 4756 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/vl6180x/main.go 6452 6452 0 0.00% 2320 2320 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/waveshare-epd/epd2in13/main.go 6140 6140 0 0.00% 2312 2312 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/waveshare-epd/epd2in13x/main.go 6364 6364 0 0.00% 2320 2320 0 0.00% tinygo build -size 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-target=hifive1b ./examples/ssd1351/main.go 12968 12968 0 0.00% 4748 4748 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=circuitplay-express ./examples/lis2mdl/main.go 8844 8844 0 0.00% 4764 4764 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=arduino-nano33 ./examples/max72xx/main.go 7240 7240 0 0.00% 4748 4748 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=xiao ./examples/pcf8563/clkout/ 12164 12164 0 0.00% 3304 3304 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pico ./examples/qmi8658c/main.go 10788 10788 0 0.00% 3288 3288 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-rp2040 ./examples/pcf8591/ 8720 8720 0 0.00% 4756 4756 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-m0 ./examples/ina260/main.go 13160 13160 0 0.00% 4788 4788 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-m0 ./examples/ina219/main.go 9300 9300 0 0.00% 5260 5260 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=nucleo-l432kc ./examples/aht20/main.go 61416 61416 0 0.00% 8232 8232 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-m4 ./examples/i2csoft/adt7410/ 10260 10260 0 0.00% 6796 6796 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.elf -target=wioterminal ./examples/axp192/m5stack-core2-blinky/ 9008 9008 0 0.00% 3276 3276 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.uf2 -target=pico ./examples/xpt2046/main.go 11236 11236 0 0.00% 4252 4252 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pico ./examples/irremote/main.go 11932 11932 0 0.00% 3324 3324 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=badger2040 ./examples/uc8151/main.go 10408 10408 0 0.00% 3356 3356 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.uf2 -target=pico ./examples/scd4x/main.go 8516 8516 0 0.00% 4748 4748 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.uf2 -target=circuitplay-express ./examples/makeybutton/main.go 9628 9628 0 0.00% 4772 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./examples/sh1106/macropad_spi 8436 8436 0 0.00% 3760 3760 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=macropad-rp2040 ./examples/encoders/quadrature-interrupt 9760 9764 4 0.04% 4768 4768 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/apa102/itsybitsy-m0/main.go 22152 22160 8 0.04% 3544 3544 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=bluepill ./examples/ds1307/time/main.go 263524 263532 8 0.00% 46760 46760 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pyportal ./examples/ili9341/slideshow 69600 69616 16 0.02% 6376 6376 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/ds3231/main.go 67540 67556 16 0.02% 6368 6368 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-m0 ./examples/gps/i2c/main.go 68076 68092 16 0.02% 6504 6504 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-m0 ./examples/gps/uart/main.go 62324 62340 16 0.03% 5952 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0.04% 9012 9012 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pyportal ./examples/flash/console/qspi 72620 72644 24 0.03% 10748 10748 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-m4 ./examples/sdcard/console/ 11768 11796 28 0.24% 6580 6580 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=nano-33-ble ./examples/apds9960/proximity/main.go 14692 14720 28 0.19% 6580 6580 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=nano-33-ble ./examples/hts221/main.go 14036 14064 28 0.20% 6580 6580 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=nano-33-ble ./examples/lps22hb/main.go 10496 10524 28 0.27% 4540 4540 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=circuitplay-bluefruit ./examples/tone 24676 24704 28 0.11% 13892 13892 0 0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-nrf52840-sense ./examples/waveshare-epd/epd1in54/main.go 245452 245516 64 0.03% 10488 10480 -8 -0.08% tinygo build 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This adds some non-atomic types that have the same interface as the ones in sync/atomic. We currently don't need these to be atomic (because the scheduler is entirely cooperative), but once we add support for a scheduler with multiple threads and/or preemptive scheduling we can trivially add some type aliases under a different build tag in the future when real atomicity is needed for threading.
This uses the internal/llsync package to convert some non-atomic operations to pseudo-atomic operations that will become truly atomic on systems that need this (such as multicore chips and when we implement true parallelism on Linux).
This moves all scheduler code into a separate file that is only compiled
when there's a scheduler in use (the tasks or asyncify scheduler, which
are both cooperative). The main goal of this change is to make it easier
to add a new "scheduler" based on OS threads.
It also fixes a few subtle issues with `-gc=none`:
- Gosched() panicked. This is now fixed to just return immediately
(the only logical thing to do when there's only one goroutine).
- Timers aren't supported without a scheduler, but the relevant code
was still present and would happily add a timer to the queue. It
just never ran. So now it exits with a runtime error, similar to any
blocking operation.
See the code comments for details. But in short, this implements a futex for the cooperative scheduler (that is single threaded and non-reentrant). Similar implementations can be made for basically every other operating system, and even WebAssembly with the threading (actually: atomics) proposal. Using this basic futex implementation means we can use the same implementation for synchronisation primitives on cooperative and multicore systems. For more information on futex across operating systems: https://outerproduct.net/futex-dictionary.html
PMutex is a mutex when threading is possible, and a dummy mutex-like object (that doesn't do anything) otherwise.
Code size for the cooperative scheduler is nearly unchanged.
Make sure the object is locked when trying to modify it. Binary size seems unaffected when not using threading.
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Updated after some refactoring (moved internal/llsync into internal/task) and added GC support (stop-the-world scanning by pausing all threads and scanning their stacks).
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This is a small refactor to prepare GC marking for multithreaded stop-the-world.
Using a global lock may be slow, but it is certainly simple and safe. If this global lock becomes a bottleneck, we can of course look into making the GC truly support multithreading.
Move common functions to scheduler.go. They will be used both from the cooperative and from the threads scheduler.
Somewhat surprisingly, this results in smaller code than the old code with the cooperative (tasks) scheduler. Probably because the new RWMutex is also simpler.
This actually simplifies the code and avoids a heap allocation in the call to Wait. Instead, it uses the Data field of the task to store information on whether a task was signalled early.
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Work in progress. Many necessary parts are not yet implemented, but this gives context for PRs I want to make in the future.
See #2446 for motivation (in particular, why this focuses on Linux first) and for a list of things that need to be implemented to make multithreading work in TinyGo.