Update vendored S2 version

[paleolimbot]

It turns out that getting CMake to do the right thing is hard (#249)! I think we still need it for Abseil, and unfortunately updating S2 requries an Abseil update too. I'll put this here and do the Abseil update separately 🙂

[paleolimbot]

Ok, we're down to some warnings on Windows:

Found the following significant warnings:
  ../src/s2/util/coding/coder.h:499:55: warning: 'void* memset(void*, int, size_t)' clearing an object of non-trivial type 'class Decoder'; use assignment or value-initialization instead [-Wclass-memaccess]

❯ checking compiled code ... NOTE
  File 's2/libs/x64/s2.dll':
    Found '_ZSt4cout', possibly from 'std::cout' (C++)
      Objects: 's2/s2boolean_operation.o', 's2/s2builder.o'

...and a few undefined symbols on Rtools40:

2024-07-22T02:23:27.6498950Z c:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -shared -s -static-libgcc -o s2.dll tmp.def s2/encoded_s2cell_id_vector.o s2/encoded_s2point_vector.o s2/encoded_s2shape_index.o s2/encoded_string_vector.o s2/id_set_lexicon.o s2/mutable_s2shape_index.o s2/r2rect.o s2/s1angle.o s2/s1chord_angle.o s2/s1interval.o s2/s2boolean_operation.o s2/s2buffer_operation.o s2/s2builder_graph.o s2/s2builder.o s2/s2builderutil_closed_set_normalizer.o s2/s2builderutil_find_polygon_degeneracies.o s2/s2builderutil_get_snapped_winding_delta.o s2/s2builderutil_lax_polygon_layer.o s2/s2builderutil_lax_polyline_layer.o s2/s2builderutil_s2point_vector_layer.o s2/s2builderutil_s2polygon_layer.o s2/s2builderutil_s2polyline_layer.o s2/s2builderutil_s2polyline_vector_layer.o s2/s2builderutil_snap_functions.o s2/s2cap.o s2/s2cell_id.o s2/s2cell_index.o s2/s2cell_union.o s2/s2cell.o s2/s2centroids.o s2/s2closest_cell_query.o s2/s2closest_edge_query.o s2/s2closest_point_query.o s2/s2contains_vertex_query.o s2/s2convex_hull_query.o s2/s2coords.o s2/s2crossing_edge_query.o s2/s2debug.o s2/s2earth.o s2/s2edge_clipping.o s2/s2edge_crosser.o s2/s2edge_crossings.o s2/s2edge_distances.o s2/s2edge_tessellator.o s2/s2error.o s2/s2furthest_edge_query.o s2/s2hausdorff_distance_query.o s2/s2latlng_rect_bounder.o s2/s2latlng_rect.o s2/s2latlng.o s2/s2lax_loop_shape.o s2/s2lax_polygon_shape.o s2/s2lax_polyline_shape.o s2/s2loop_measures.o s2/s2loop.o s2/s2max_distance_targets.o s2/s2measures.o s2/s2memory_tracker.o s2/s2metrics.o s2/s2min_distance_targets.o s2/s2padded_cell.o s2/s2point_compression.o s2/s2point_region.o s2/s2pointutil.o s2/s2polygon.o s2/s2polyline_alignment.o s2/s2polyline_measures.o s2/s2polyline_simplifier.o s2/s2polyline.o s2/s2predicates.o s2/s2projections.o s2/s2r2rect.o s2/s2region_coverer.o s2/s2region_intersection.o s2/s2region_term_indexer.o s2/s2region_union.o s2/s2region.o s2/s2shape_index_buffered_region.o s2/s2shape_index_measures.o s2/s2shape_index.o s2/s2shape_measures.o s2/s2shape_nesting_query.o s2/s2shapeutil_build_polygon_boundaries.o s2/s2shapeutil_coding.o s2/s2shapeutil_contains_brute_force.o s2/s2shapeutil_conversion.o s2/s2shapeutil_edge_iterator.o s2/s2shapeutil_get_reference_point.o s2/s2shapeutil_visit_crossing_edge_pairs.o s2/s2text_format.o s2/s2wedge_relations.o s2/s2winding_operation.o s2/util/bits/bit-interleave.o s2/util/coding/coder.o s2/util/coding/varint.o s2/util/math/exactfloat/exactfloat.o s2/util/math/mathutil.o s2/util/units/length-units.o cpp-compat.o s2-accessors.o s2-bounds.o s2-cell.o s2-cell-union.o s2-constructors-formatters.o s2-predicates.o s2-transformers.o init.o RcppExports.o s2-geography.o s2-lnglat.o s2-matrix.o wk-impl.o s2geography/accessors-geog.o s2geography/accessors.o s2geography/build.o s2geography/coverings.o s2geography/distance.o s2geography/geography.o s2geography/linear-referencing.o s2geography/predicates.o -L../tools/dist/lib -labsl_flags_internal -labsl_flags_marshalling -labsl_flags_reflection -labsl_flags_private_handle_accessor -labsl_flags_commandlineflag -labsl_flags_commandlineflag_internal -labsl_flags_config -labsl_flags_program_name -labsl_raw_hash_set -labsl_hashtablez_sampler -labsl_log_internal_check_op -labsl_log_internal_conditions -labsl_log_internal_message -labsl_examine_stack -labsl_log_internal_format -labsl_log_internal_proto -labsl_log_internal_nullguard -labsl_log_internal_log_sink_set -labsl_log_internal_globals -labsl_log_globals -labsl_hash -labsl_city -labsl_bad_variant_access -labsl_low_level_hash -labsl_log_sink -labsl_log_entry -labsl_status -labsl_cord -labsl_cordz_info -labsl_cord_internal -labsl_cordz_functions -labsl_exponential_biased -labsl_cordz_handle -labsl_synchronization -labsl_graphcycles_internal -labsl_kernel_timeout_internal -labsl_time -labsl_civil_time -labsl_time_zone -labsl_crc_cord_state -labsl_crc32c -labsl_crc_internal -labsl_crc_cpu_detect -labsl_bad_optional_access -labsl_stacktrace -labsl_strerror -labsl_str_format_internal -labsl_symbolize -ldbghelp -labsl_debugging_internal -labsl_demangle_internal -labsl_malloc_internal -labsl_strings -labsl_strings_internal -labsl_string_view -labsl_base -ladvapi32 -labsl_spinlock_wait -labsl_int128 -labsl_throw_delegate -labsl_raw_logging_internal -labsl_log_severity -limagehlp -L../windows/openssl/lib -lssl -lcrypto -lz -lws2_32 -lgdi32 -lcrypt32 -LC:/R/bin/x64 -lR
2024-07-22T02:23:27.6501502Z C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: ../tools/dist/lib/libabsl_log_internal_message.a(log_message.cc.obj):log_message.cc:(.rdata$_ZTVN4absl15s2_lts_2023080212log_internal10LogMessage11OstreamViewE[_ZTVN4absl15s2_lts_2023080212log_internal10LogMessage11OstreamViewE]+0x38): undefined reference to `std::basic_streambuf<char, std::char_traits<char> >::seekpos(std::fpos<_Mbstatet>, std::_Ios_Openmode)'
2024-07-22T02:23:27.6502700Z C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: ../tools/dist/lib/libabsl_log_internal_globals.a(globals.cc.obj):globals.cc:(.text+0x50): undefined reference to `__imp___acrt_iob_func'

[edzer]

Looks like you've visited the warning earlier: https://github.com/r-spatial/s2/blob/main/src/s2/util/coding/coder.h#L465

[paleolimbot]

@edzer I think the best way forward on here is to merge this and attempt to fix the missing symbol on R/Windows 4.0 and 4.1 separately (in parallel with some testing against Abseil provided in various distributions to ensure the install works smoothly).