Argos

Create GNOME Shell extensions in seconds

Most GNOME Shell extensions do one thing: Add a button with a dropdown menu to the panel, displaying information and exposing functionality. Even in its simplest form, creating such an extension is a nontrivial task involving a poorly documented and ever-changing JavaScript API.

Argos lets you write GNOME Shell extensions in a language that every Linux user is already intimately familiar with: Bash scripts.

More precisely, Argos is a GNOME Shell extension that turns executables' standard output into panel dropdown menus. It is inspired by, and fully compatible with, the BitBar app for macOS. Argos supports many BitBar plugins without modifications, giving you access to a large library of well-tested scripts in addition to being able to write your own.

Key features

• 100% API compatible with BitBar 1.9.2: All BitBar plugins that run on Linux (i.e. do not contain macOS-specific code) work with Argos (else it's a bug).
• Beyond BitBar: Argos can do everything that BitBar can do, but also some things that BitBar can't do (yet). See the documentation for details.
• Sophisticated asynchronous execution engine: No matter how long your scripts take to run, Argos will schedule them intelligently and prevent blocking.
• Unicode support: Just print your text to stdout. It will be rendered the way you expect.
• Optimized for minimum resource consumption: Even with multiple plugins refreshing every second, Argos typically uses less than 1% of the CPU.
• Fully documented.

Installation

Manually using git (all recent GNOME shell versions)

Clone the repository:

 git clone https://github.com/p-e-w/argos

Check out the code matching your GNOME shell version:

• GNOME 45 and newer: nothing to be done (just use the master branch)
• GNOME 42 - 44: Use tag GNOME-44,
• GNOME 3.26 - 41: Use tag GNOME-41.

Thus e.g. for GNOME shell 44, run:

git switch -c gnome-44 GNOME-44

Then copy or symlink the directory [email protected] into ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions. Restart GNOME Shell by pressing Alt+F2, then entering r (GNOME/X11) or by logging out and logging in again (Wayland). On some systems, you may additionally have to enable the Argos extension using the GNOME "extensions" application or GNOME Tweak Tool.

From the GNOME Shell Extensions website (GNOME 3.32 and earlier)

Important: Argos for GNOME shell 3.34 and later (including GNOME 40 and beyond) are not available on extensions.gnome.org. Read about the reasons here.

Examples

GNOME Shell log viewer

Argos plugins are great for monitoring your system, displaying anything that a command line script can output in a convenient, unobtrusive place.

Extension developers often rely on the central GNOME Shell log for debugging. That log may be viewed in a terminal with journalctl /usr/bin/gnome-shell -f – but it is also an excellent target for our first sample plugin:

shell_log.1s.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

LOG_ENTRY=$(journalctl /usr/bin/gnome-shell -n 1 --output=cat --no-pager)
echo "<span color='#9BF' weight='normal'><small><tt>$LOG_ENTRY</tt></small></span> | length=40"

echo "---"
echo "View GNOME Shell Log | bash='journalctl /usr/bin/gnome-shell -f'"

Make it executable and drop it into ~/.config/argos, and you should see something like this:

As the plugin updates every second, new log entries are shown almost without delay.

Simple launcher

Plugins are not limited to displaying information – they can also perform actions when the user clicks on a menu item. This allows you to rapidly create launchers that look and act exactly like you want.

launcher.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

echo "Launcher | iconName=starred"
echo "---"

WIKIPEDIA_ICON=$(curl -s "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico" | base64 -w 0)
echo "Wikipedia | image='$WIKIPEDIA_ICON' imageWidth=20 font=serif href='https://en.wikipedia.org'"

echo "---"
echo "Gedit | iconName=gedit bash=gedit terminal=false"
echo "Nautilus | iconName=system-file-manager bash=nautilus terminal=false"
echo "Process list (<span color='yellow'><tt>top</tt></span>) | iconName=utilities-terminal-symbolic bash=top"
echo "---"
echo "Looking Glass | eval='imports.ui.main.createLookingGlass(); imports.ui.main.lookingGlass.toggle();'"

Note how the Wikipedia icon is downloaded from the web and serialized into the menu item without ever needing to be saved to disk. All of this comes from a file smaller than the configuration files of most dedicated "launcher" extensions, while providing much more flexibility. Argos plugins blur the line between configuration and code.

Advanced launcher

An Argos plugin is just an executable file that writes to stdout. As such, any language can be used to create plugins. Switching from Bash to Python gives you easy access to the GNOME platform APIs, enabling even more powerful launchers.

launcher.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import re
from gi.repository import Gio

applications = {}

for app_info in Gio.AppInfo.get_all():
  icon, categories = app_info.get_icon(), app_info.get_categories()
  if icon is None or categories is None:
    continue
  # Remove "%U" and "%F" placeholders
  command_line = re.sub("%\\w", "", app_info.get_commandline()).strip()
  app = (app_info.get_name(), icon.to_string(), command_line)
  for category in categories.split(";"):
    if category not in ["GNOME", "GTK", ""]:
      if category not in applications:
        applications[category] = []
      applications[category].append(app)
      break

print("Applications\n---")

for category, apps in sorted(applications.items()):
  print(category)
  for app in sorted(apps):
    print("--%s | useMarkup=false iconName=%s bash='%s' terminal=false" % app)

And there you have it: A working clone of a full-blown GNOME Shell extension – implemented using a fraction of the code.

top viewer

Argos basically pipes standard output into a panel menu. This makes for some very cool plugins like this top output viewer:

top.3s+.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

echo "top"
echo "---"

if [ "$ARGOS_MENU_OPEN" == "true" ]; then
  # http://stackoverflow.com/a/14853319
  TOP_OUTPUT=$(top -b -n 1 | head -n 20 | awk 1 ORS="\\\\n")
  echo "$TOP_OUTPUT | font=monospace bash=top"
else
  echo "Loading..."
fi

It's top at your fingertips! Of course, this approach works with any other terminal program as well.

Note that the plugin checks the ARGOS_MENU_OPEN environment variable to ensure top is run only if the dropdown menu is visible, while the + in the filename forces a re-run whenever the user opens the menu. This pattern makes output available immediately when it is needed, but keeps idle resource consumption of the plugin near zero.

Usage

Argos monitors the directory ~/.config/argos for changes. Any executable file found in this directory is considered a plugin. Files whose name starts with a dot (.) and files in subdirectories are ignored.

Plugins are run and their standard output is interpreted as described below. For each plugin, a panel button with a dropdown menu is created. The arrangement of buttons from left to right follows the alphabetical order of the files they are generated from (except when a POSITION is explicitly specified in the filename). New plugins and edits to existing plugins are automatically detected and reflected in the panel.

Filename format

A plugin file may be named anything (it only needs to be executable), but if its name has the special form

NAME.POSITION.INTERVAL[+].EXTENSION

where

• POSITION consists of an integer (optional) + one of l (left), c (center) or r (right), and
• INTERVAL consists of an integer + one of s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours) or d (days)

then

• the dropdown menu button is placed in the panel at POSITION, and
• the plugin is re-run and its output re-rendered every INTERVAL, and
• if INTERVAL is followed by +, the plugin is additionally re-run each time the dropdown menu is opened.

POSITION may be omitted entirely (in which case the button is placed before all other buttons on the right-hand side of the panel) while INTERVAL can be left empty. For example, a script named plugin.10s.sh is updated every 10 seconds, the button belonging to plugin.1c..sh is positioned just right of the GNOME Shell clock, and plugin.l.1m.sh is displayed left of the "Activities" button and updated every minute.

Output format

Argos plugins are executables (such as shell scripts) that print to standard output lines of the following form:

TEXT | ATTRIBUTE_1=VALUE ATTRIBUTE_2=VALUE ...

All attributes are optional, so the most basic plugins simply print lines consisting of text to be displayed. To include whitespace, attribute values may be quoted using the same convention employed by most command line shells.

Rendering

Lines containing only dashes (---) are separators.

Lines above the first separator belong to the button itself. If there are multiple such lines, they are displayed in succession, each of them for 3 seconds before switching to the next. Additionally, all button lines get a dropdown menu item, except if their dropdown attribute is set to false.

Lines below the first separator are rendered as dropdown menu items. Further separators create graphical separator menu items.

Lines beginning with -- are rendered in a submenu associated with the preceding unindented line. While Argos supports nested submenus in principle, GNOME Shell does not render them correctly.

Emoji codes like :horse: 🐴 and :smile: 😄 in the line text are replaced with their corresponding Unicode characters (unless the emojize attribute is set to false). Note that multicolor emoji rendering requires GNOME 3.26 or later.

ANSI SGR escape sequences and Pango markup tags may be used for styling. This can be disabled by setting the ansi and useMarkup attributes, respectively, to false.

Backslash escapes such as \n and \t in the line text are converted to their corresponding characters (newline and tab in this case), which can be prevented by setting the unescape attribute to false. Newline escapes can be used to create multi-line menu items.

Line attributes

Display

Control how the line is rendered.

Attribute	Value	Description
color	Hex RGB/RGBA or color name	Sets the text color for the item.
font	Font name	Sets the font for the item.
size	Font size in points	Sets the font size for the item.
iconName	Icon name	Sets a menu icon for the item. See the freedesktop.org icon naming specification for a list of names that should work anywhere, or run gtk3-icon-browser to see the names of all icons in your current icon theme. Argos only.
image, templateImage	Base64-encoded image file	Renders an image inside the item. The image is positioned to the left of the text and to the right of the icon. GNOME Shell does not have a concept of "template images", so image and templateImage are interchangeable in Argos.
imageWidth, imageHeight	Width/height in pixels	Sets the dimensions of the image. If only one dimension is specified, the image's original aspect ratio is maintained. Argos only.
length	Length in characters	Truncate the line text to the specified number of characters, ellipsizing the truncated part.
trim	true or false	If false, preserve leading and trailing whitespace of the line text.
dropdown	true or false	If false and the line is a button line (see above), exclude it from being displayed in the dropdown menu.
alternate	true or false	If true, the item is hidden by default, and shown in place of the preceding item when the Alt key is pressed.
emojize	true or false	If false, disable substitution of :emoji_name: with emoji characters in the line text.
ansi	true or false	If false, disable interpretation of ANSI escape sequences in the line text.
useMarkup	true or false	If false, disable interpretation of Pango markup in the line text. Argos only.
unescape	true or false	If false, disable interpretation of backslash escapes such as \n in the line text. Argos only.

Actions

Define actions to be performed when the user clicks on the line's menu item.

Action attributes are not mutually exclusive. Any combination of them may be associated with the same item, and all actions are executed when the item is clicked.

Attribute	Value	Description
bash	Bash command	Runs a command using bash inside a GNOME Terminal window.
terminal	true or false	If false, runs the Bash command in the background (i.e. without opening a terminal window).
param1, param2, ...	Command line arguments	Arguments to be passed to the Bash command. Note: Provided for compatibility with BitBar only. Argos allows placing arguments directly in the command string.
href	URI	Opens a URI in the application registered to handle it. URIs starting with http:// launch the web browser, while file:// URIs open the file in its associated default application.
eval	JavaScript code	Passes the code to JavaScript's eval function. Argos only.
refresh	true or false	If true, re-runs the plugin, updating its output.

Environment variables

Plugin executables are run with the following special environment variables set:

Name	Value
ARGOS_VERSION	Version number of the Argos extension. The presence of this environment variable can also be used to determine that the plugin is actually running in Argos, rather than BitBar or kargos.
ARGOS_MENU_OPEN	true if the dropdown menu was open at the time the plugin was run, and false otherwise.

BitBar plugins with Argos

These screenshots show how some scripts from the BitBar plugin repository look when rendered by Argos compared to the "canonical" BitBar rendering (macOS screenshots taken from https://getbitbar.com).

Plugin	BitBar on macOS	Argos on GNOME Shell
Ping
Stock Ticker
World Clock
Unicorn
ANSI

Acknowledgments

GNOME Shell is a difficult platform to develop for. At the time this project was started, the Gjs documentation hadn't been updated in three years and was missing important classes (new documentation has since appeared). Once again, Valadoc saved the day for me. While not fully identical to the Gjs API, Valadoc is the best manual for GNOME on the web today.

Argos includes emojilib's emoji name/character mappings. It's wonderful that such a comprehensive and well-maintained library is so easily available.

Without BitBar, Argos wouldn't be what it is today, or, more likely, wouldn't exist at all. There have been many attempts on many platforms to simplify panel menu creation, but BitBar was the first to get it right by finding the balance between text-only configuration and dynamic output. Thank you for showing the way!

Contributing

Contributors are always welcome. However, please file an issue describing what you intend to add before opening a pull request, especially for new features! I have a clear vision of what I want (and do not want) Argos to be, so discussing potential additions might help you avoid duplication and wasted work.

By contributing, you agree to release your changes under the same license as the rest of the project (see below).

License

Copyright © 2016-2018 Philipp Emanuel Weidmann ([email protected])

Released under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 3