chore: fix linting warnigns and add testing workflow

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+[alias]
+cov = "llvm-cov"
+cov-lcov = "llvm-cov --lcov --output-path=./.coverage/lcov.info"
+cov-html = "llvm-cov --html"
+time = "build --timings --all-targets"
+
+[build]
+rustflags = [
+    "-D",
+    "warnings",
+    "-D",
+    "future-incompatible",
+    "-D",
+    "let-underscore",
+    "-D",
+    "nonstandard-style",
+    "-D",
+    "rust-2018-compatibility",
+    "-D",
+    "rust-2018-idioms",
+    "-D",
+    "rust-2021-compatibility",
+    "-D",
+    "unused",
+]
+

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+@josecelano

.github/dependabot.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: github-actions
+    directory: /
+    schedule:
+      interval: daily
+    target-branch: "develop"
+    labels:
+      - "Continuous Integration"
+      - "Dependencies"
+
+  - package-ecosystem: cargo
+    directory: /
+    schedule:
+      interval: daily
+    target-branch: "develop"
+    labels:
+      - "Build | Project System"
+      - "Dependencies"

.github/workflows/testing.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+name: Testing
+
+on:
+  push:
+  pull_request:
+
+env:
+  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+
+jobs:
+  format:
+    name: Formatting
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - id: checkout
+        name: Checkout Repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - id: setup
+        name: Setup Toolchain
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+        with:
+          toolchain: nightly
+          components: rustfmt
+
+      - id: cache
+        name: Enable Workflow Cache
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+
+      - id: format
+        name: Run Formatting-Checks
+        run: cargo fmt --check
+
+  check:
+    name: Static Analysis
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: format
+
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        toolchain: [nightly, stable]
+
+    steps:
+      - id: checkout
+        name: Checkout Repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - id: setup
+        name: Setup Toolchain
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+        with:
+          toolchain: ${{ matrix.toolchain }}
+          components: clippy
+
+      - id: cache
+        name: Enable Workflow Cache
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+
+      - id: tools
+        name: Install Tools
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
+        with:
+          tool: cargo-machete
+
+      - id: check
+        name: Run Build Checks
+        run: cargo check --tests --benches --examples --workspace --all-targets --all-features
+
+      - id: lint
+        name: Run Lint Checks
+        run: cargo clippy --tests --benches --examples --workspace --all-targets --all-features -- -D clippy::correctness -D clippy::suspicious -D clippy::complexity -D clippy::perf -D clippy::style -D clippy::pedantic
+
+      - id: docs
+        name: Lint Documentation
+        env:
+          RUSTDOCFLAGS: "-D warnings"
+        run: cargo doc --no-deps --bins --examples --workspace --all-features
+
+      - id: clean
+        name: Clean Build Directory
+        run: cargo clean
+
+      - id: deps
+        name: Check Unused Dependencies
+        run: cargo machete
+
+
+  unit:
+    name: Units
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: check
+
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        toolchain: [nightly, stable]
+
+    steps:
+      - id: checkout
+        name: Checkout Repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - id: setup
+        name: Setup Toolchain
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+        with:
+          toolchain: ${{ matrix.toolchain }}
+          components: llvm-tools-preview
+
+      - id: cache
+        name: Enable Job Cache
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+
+      - id: tools
+        name: Install Tools
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
+        with:
+          tool: cargo-llvm-cov, cargo-nextest
+
+      - id: test-docs
+        name: Run Documentation Tests
+        run: cargo test --doc
+
+      - id: test
+        name: Run Unit Tests
+        run: cargo test --tests --benches --examples --workspace --all-targets --all-features

.gitignore

@@ -1 +1,9 @@
+.env
+**/*.rs.bk
+/.coverage/
+/.idea/
+/.vscode/launch.json
+/flamegraph.svg
 /target
+callgrind.out
+perf.data*

.vscode/extensions.json

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    "recommendations": [
+        "streetsidesoftware.code-spell-checker",
+        "rust-lang.rust-analyzer",
+        "tamasfe.even-better-toml"
+    ]
+}

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+  "[rust]": {
+    "editor.formatOnSave": true
+  },
+  "[ignore]": { "rust-analyzer.cargo.extraEnv" : {
+    "RUSTFLAGS": "-Z profile -C codegen-units=1 -C inline-threshold=0 -C link-dead-code -C overflow-checks=off -C panic=abort -Z panic_abort_tests",
+    "RUSTDOCFLAGS": "-Z profile -C codegen-units=1 -C inline-threshold=0 -C link-dead-code -C overflow-checks=off -C panic=abort -Z panic_abort_tests",
+    "CARGO_INCREMENTAL": "0",
+    "RUST_BACKTRACE": "1"
+  }},
+  "rust-analyzer.checkOnSave": true,
+  "rust-analyzer.check.command": "clippy",
+  "rust-analyzer.check.allTargets": true,
+  "rust-analyzer.check.extraArgs": [
+    "--",
+    "-D",
+    "clippy::correctness",
+    "-D",
+    "clippy::suspicious",
+    "-W",
+    "clippy::complexity",
+    "-W",
+    "clippy::perf",
+    "-W",
+    "clippy::style",
+    "-W",
+    "clippy::pedantic"
+  ],
+  "evenBetterToml.formatter.allowedBlankLines": 1,
+  "evenBetterToml.formatter.columnWidth": 130,
+  "evenBetterToml.formatter.trailingNewline": true,
+  "evenBetterToml.formatter.reorderKeys": true,
+  "evenBetterToml.formatter.reorderArrays": true,
+
+}

README.md

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # Testing in Rust
 
+[![Testing](https://github.com/nautilus-cyberneering/testing-in-rust/actions/workflows/testing.yaml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/nautilus-cyberneering/testing-in-rust/actions/workflows/testing.yaml)
+
 A collection of articles about testing in Rust.
 
 - [Custom mocks in Rust](./docs/custom-mocks-in-rust.md).
@@ -8,7 +10,7 @@ A collection of articles about testing in Rust.
 ## Links
 
 - ["Unit Testing" book](https://www.manning.com/books/unit-testing) by [Vladimir Khorikov](https://github.com/vkhorikov).
-- [Mockall](https://github.com/asomers/mockall). A powerful mock object library for Rust().
+- [Mockall](https://github.com/asomers/mockall). A powerful mock object library for Rust.
 - [Rust book. "A Use Case for Interior Mutability: Mock Objects"](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-05-interior-mutability.html#a-use-case-for-interior-mutability-mock-objects) by [Steve Klabnik](https://steveklabnik.com/) and [Carol Nichols](http://carol-nichols.com/).
 - [Mock Objects (manually) in Rust](https://paytonrules.com/post/mock-objects-in-rust/) by [Eric Smith](https://github.com/paytonrules).
 - [A guide to mocking in Rust using Mockall](https://blog.logrocket.com/guide-mocking-rust-mockall/) by Manish Shivanandhan.

docs/custom-mocks-in-rust.md

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ fn the_tracker_should_send_a_connect_event_after_connecting() {
     // Test using a custom mock for the TrackerEventSender
 
     let event_sender = Rc::new(TrackerEventSenderMock::new());
-    let tracker = Arc::new(Tracker::new(event_sender.clone()));
+    let tracker = Rc::new(Tracker::new(event_sender.clone()));
 
     tracker.connect();
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ self.sent_event = Some(event);
 
 Since the `self` reference is not mutable, you can not change the `sent_event` value.
 
-I needed to learn how to implement it, and [Cameron](https://github.com/da2ce7) pointed me to the solution. The not mutable `self` reference does not allow you to change the attributes in the struct, but it's not recursive. Rust has some types that allow you to change the interior mutability.
+I needed to learn how to implement it, and [Cameron](https://github.com/da2ce7) pointed me to the solution. The immutable `self` reference does not allow you to change the attributes in the struct, but it's not recursive. Rust has some types that allow you to change the interior mutability.
 
 Rust has a pattern called the ["Interior Mutability Pattern"](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-05-interior-mutability.html#refcellt-and-the-interior-mutability-pattern).
 
@@ -111,39 +111,39 @@ From the Rust book, you can see the different types to "bend" Rust rules:
 The final test was like this:
 
 ```rust
-    #[derive(Clone)]
-    struct TrackerEventSenderMock {
-        pub sent_event: RefCell<Option<Event>>,
-    }
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct TrackerEventSenderMock {
+    pub sent_event: RefCell<Option<Event>>,
+}
 
-    impl TrackerEventSenderMock {
-        pub fn new() -> Self {
-            Self {
-                sent_event: RefCell::new(None),
-            }
+impl TrackerEventSenderMock {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            sent_event: RefCell::new(None),
         }
     }
+}
 
-    impl EventSender for TrackerEventSenderMock {
-        fn send_event(&self, event: Event) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-            *self.sent_event.borrow_mut() = Some(event);
+impl EventSender for TrackerEventSenderMock {
+    fn send_event(&self, event: Event) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+        *self.sent_event.borrow_mut() = Some(event);
 
-            // We return the expected value
-            Ok(())
-        }
+        // We return the expected value
+        Ok(())
     }
+}
 
-    #[test]
-    fn the_tracker_should_send_a_connect_event_after_connecting() {
-        // Test using a custom mock for the TrackerEventSender
+#[test]
+fn the_tracker_should_send_a_connect_event_after_connecting() {
+    // Test using a custom mock for the TrackerEventSender
 
-        let event_sender = Rc::new(TrackerEventSenderMock::new());
-        let tracker = Arc::new(Tracker::new(event_sender.clone()));
+    let event_sender = Rc::new(TrackerEventSenderMock::new());
+    let tracker = Rc::new(Tracker::new(event_sender.clone()));
 
-        tracker.connect().unwrap();
+    tracker.connect().unwrap();
 
-        assert_eq!(event_sender.sent_event.borrow().unwrap(), Event::Connect);
-    }
+    assert_eq!(event_sender.sent_event.borrow().unwrap(), Event::Connect);
+}
 ```
 
 ## Conclusion
@@ -156,9 +156,9 @@ I finally decided to use `mockall` (the mocking framework) for a few reasons:
 2. The `mockall` readability is better because of its fluent style.
 3. `mockall` allows you to be more precise, for example checking also the number of calls.
 
-You can read the final solution using [mockall](https://docs.rs/mockall/latest/mockall/) [here](https://github.com/torrust/torrust-tracker/blob/develop/src/udp/handlers.rs#L426-L463):
+You can read the final solution using [mockall](https://docs.rs/mockall/latest/mockall/) [here](https://github.com/torrust/torrust-tracker/blob/af52045436644ba2ba3c43195a0c1b6b0bfdbd42/src/servers/udp/handlers.rs#L490-L527):
 
-<https://github.com/torrust/torrust-tracker/blob/develop/src/udp/handlers.rs#L426-L463>
+<https://github.com/torrust/torrust-tracker/blob/af52045436644ba2ba3c43195a0c1b6b0bfdbd42/src/servers/udp/handlers.rs#L490-L527>
 
 ```rust
 #[tokio::test]

docs/testing-apis-in-rust.md

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ impl ApiServerStarter {
 }
 ```
 
-That was the first version, and we changed but before explaining the latest version, we want to explain why we needed to change it.
+That was the first version, and we changed it but before explaining the latest version, we want to explain why we needed to change it.
 
 ## ConnectionRefused error
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ pub async fn start(&mut self, addr: SocketAddr) {
 }
 ```
 
-That worked was we were not happy with adding a random sleep time. Because that:
+That worked but we were not happy with adding a random sleep time. Because that:
 
 - Make tests slower.
 - Could make the test fail if, for some reason, the web server takes more than 100 milliseconds to be ready.

src/bin/custom-mocks-in-rust.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
+//! ```text
 //! cargo run --bin custom-mocks-in-rust
-
-use std::{rc::Rc, sync::Arc};
+//! ```
+use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use testing_in_rust::example01::{
     events::TrackerEventSender, handlers::handle_connect, tracker::Tracker,
 };
 
 fn main() {
     let event_sender = Rc::new(TrackerEventSender {});
-    let tracker = Arc::new(Tracker::new(event_sender));
+    let tracker = Rc::new(Tracker::new(event_sender));
 
-    handle_connect(tracker)
+    handle_connect(&tracker);
 }

src/bin/testing-apis-in-rust.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+//! ```text
 //! cargo run --bin testing-apis-in-rust
-//!
+//! ````
 use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr};
 
 use testing_in_rust::example02::api::start_server;
@@ -8,5 +9,5 @@ use testing_in_rust::example02::api::start_server;
 async fn main() {
     let bind_address = SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)), 3030);
 
-    start_server(bind_address).await
+    start_server(bind_address).await;
 }