Ensure priority sort over alpha sort

- Added extension priority map. This is an imperfect solution, and is
  not used by default with default configuration (column-based data).

  - We may want to consider a revised columnar format for a future
    version that has a bit more information than is present in the base
    file.

- Adding the sort priority and extension priority helped, but because
  the alphanumeric sort was first in `MIME::Type#priority_compare`, the
  results weren't as good as they should have been. We now sort by the
  sort priority values _first_ and the alphanumeric values _second_.

  - Stored sort priority was not respected because it depends on flags
    not kept in the base file. Added support for a binary file with this
    to ensure it is loaded.

lib/mime/type.rb

@@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ def <=>(other)
   # consumers of mime-types. For the next major version of MIME::Types, this
   # method will become #<=> and #priority_compare will be removed.
   def priority_compare(other)
-    if (cmp = simplified <=> other.simplified).zero?
-      __sort_priority <=> other.__sort_priority
+    if (cmp = __sort_priority <=> other.__sort_priority).zero?
+      simplified <=> other.simplified
     else
       cmp
     end
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ def hash
 
   # The computed sort priority value. This is _not_ intended to be used by most
   # callers.
-  def __sort_priority
+  def __sort_priority # :nodoc:
     @__sort_priority || update_sort_priority
   end
 
@@ -324,17 +324,24 @@ def preferred_extension=(value) # :nodoc:
   end
 
   ##
-  # Optional extension priorities for this MIME type. This is a relative value
-  # similar to nice(1). An explicitly set `preferred_extension` is automatically
-  # given a relative priority of `-10`.
+  # Optional extension priorities for this MIME type. This is a map of
+  # extensions to relative priority values (+-20..20+) similar to +nice(1)+.
+  # Unless otherwise specified in the data, an explicitly set
+  # +preferred_extension+ is automatically given a relative priority of +-10+.
   #
   # :attr_reader: extension_priorities
   attr_accessor :extension_priorities
 
   ##
   # Returns the priority for the provided extension or extensions. If a priority
-  # is not set, the default priority is 0. The range for priorities is -20..20,
-  # inclusive.
+  # is not set, the default priority is +0+. The range for priorities is
+  # +-20..20+, inclusive.
+  #
+  # Obsolete MIME types have a <code>+3</code> penalty applied to their
+  # extension priority and unregistered MIME types have a <code>+2</code>
+  # penalty to their extension priority, meaning that the highest priority an
+  # obsolete, unregistered MIME type can have is +-15+. The lowest priority is
+  # always <code>+20</code>.
   def extension_priority(*exts)
     exts.map { |ext| get_extension_priority(ext) }.min
   end
@@ -650,7 +657,7 @@ def clear_extension_priority(ext)
   end
 
   def get_extension_priority(ext)
-    [[-20, __extension_priorities[ext] || 0].max, 20].min
+    [[-20, (__extension_priorities[ext] || 0) + __priority_penalty].max, 20].min
   end
 
   def set_preferred_extension_priority(ext)
@@ -686,6 +693,12 @@ def update_sort_priority
     extension_count = [0, 16 - extension_count].max
 
     @__sort_priority = obsolete | registered | provisional | complete | extension_count
+    @__priority_penalty = (@obsolete ? 3 : 0) + (@registered ? 0 : 2)
+  end
+
+  def __priority_penalty
+    update_sort_priority if @__priority_penalty.nil?
+    @__priority_penalty
   end
 
   def content_type=(type_string)

lib/mime/type/columnar.rb

@@ -53,6 +53,17 @@ def encode_with(coder) # :nodoc:
     super
   end
 
+  def update_sort_priority
+    if @container.__fully_loaded?
+      super
+    else
+      obsolete = (@__sort_priority & (1 << 7)) != 0
+      registered = (@__sort_priority & (1 << 5)) == 0
+
+      @__priority_penalty = (@obsolete ? 3 : 0) + (@registered ? 0 : 2)
+    end
+  end
+
   class << self
     undef column
   end

lib/mime/types.rb

@@ -204,6 +204,10 @@ def add_type(type, quiet = false)
     index_extensions!(type)
   end
 
+  def __fully_loaded? # :nodoc:
+    true
+  end
+
   private
 
   def add_type_variant!(mime_type)

lib/mime/types/_columnar.rb

@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ def self.extended(obj) # :nodoc:
     obj.instance_variable_set(:@__files__, Set.new)
   end
 
+  def __fully_loaded? # :nodoc:
+    @__files__.size == 10
+  end
+
   # Load the first column data file (type and extensions).
   def load_base_data(path) # :nodoc:
     @__root__ = path
@@ -33,6 +37,10 @@ def load_base_data(path) # :nodoc:
       add(type)
     end
 
+    each_file_byte("spri") do |type, byte|
+      type.instance_variable_set(:@__sort_priority, byte)
+    end
+
     self
   end
 
@@ -60,6 +68,25 @@ def each_file_line(name, lookup = true)
     end
   end
 
+  def each_file_byte(name)
+    LOAD_MUTEX.synchronize do
+      next if @__files__.include?(name)
+
+      i = -1
+
+      filename = File.join(@__root__, "mime.#{name}.column")
+
+      next unless File.exist?(filename)
+
+      IO.binread(filename).unpack("C*").each do |byte|
+        (type = @__mime_data__[i += 1]) || next
+        yield type, byte
+      end
+
+      @__files__ << name
+    end
+  end
+
   def load_encoding
     each_file_line("encoding") do |type, line|
       pool ||= {}