[vcpkg] Simplify cmake invokation in bootsrap.sh

[SchaichAlonso]

There's a [string escaping madness in bootstrap.sh's cmake invokation around line 217, making the script difficult to maintain.

I broke it before in PR #36828 which went into master undetected as it "worked over here" (tm) and isn't executed by the CI, but appearently it wouldn't work on arch linux' bash, resulting in PR #37047 .

microsoft/vcpkg-tool#1380 introduces a CMake Preset that can take over the cmake CLI variable setup.

This commit replaces the nested string composition by it's cmake-preset counterpart.

Fixes #41996.

[BillyONeal]

We can't use CMake presets because the current supported client CMake version is CMake 3.16.3, but CMake presets were added in 3.19. (I would be happy to take this in a couple years when our minimum is 3.19 though)

[SchaichAlonso]

I'll set this to draft then and reset it when ubuntu 20.04 goes EOL in half a year :3

[BillyONeal]

Unfortunately 3.19 is newer than several of the Linuxes we currently care about... though I don't have a complete table for more recent things since I made this table several years ago now.

[BillyONeal]

Maybe we don't care since most of the time we ship binaries now?

[SchaichAlonso]

Unfortunately 3.19 is newer than several of the Linuxes we currently care about... though I don't have a complete table for more recent things since I made this table several years ago now.

Isn't everything on that list, other then Ubuntu 20.04, 24.04, Debian 11 and Debian 12, End of Life?

• OpenSUSE 15.4 and previous are also EoL, while 15.5 which still has support, ships cmake-3.20.4
• The oldest Alpine not yet EoL is 3.17, which while EoL-ing next week, already has cmake-3.24.
• The oldest CentOS with upstream support is Stream 9, which has cmake-3.20 and 3.26.
• The oldest Fedora with upstream support is 39, which EoLs next week, too, but has cmake-3.30.

So basically the only linux distribution which doesn't yet ship cmake-3.20 or newer is ubuntu-20.04, which will EoL in half a year.

I'm supprised we don't "care" for Ubuntu 22.04 though, despite there even being github hosted actions runners for them.