ci: Use uv in CI

[edgarrmondragon]

Would be nice to have:

• Best practices for using uv's cache in CI / Github Actions? astral-sh/uv#2231
• Add support for caching uv actions/setup-python#818

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📚 Documentation preview 📚: https://meltano-sdk--2377.org.readthedocs.build/en/2377/

[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed Performance Report

Merging #2377 will not alter performance

_{Comparing edgarrmondragon/ci/use-uv (f632469) with main (72350c3)}

Summary

✅ 6 untouched benchmarks

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 88.97%. Comparing base (72350c3) to head (f632469).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #2377   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   88.97%   88.97%           
=======================================
  Files          54       54           
  Lines        4763     4763           
  Branches      924      924           
=======================================
  Hits         4238     4238           
  Misses        364      364           
  Partials      161      161           

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