ldrgen

This is ldrgen, a small experimental random C program generator.

Introduction

This program is a generator of C code: On every call it generates a new random C function and prints it to the standard output. The generator is "liveness-driven", which means that it tries to avoid generating dead code: All the computations it generates are (in a certain, limited sense) actually used to compute the function's return value. Other than this, ldrgen does not do much to ensure that its output resembles anything like "real" programs.

See Csmith for another C program generator that is in many ways more sophisticated than this.

A paper describing ldrgen has been accepted for presentation at the LOPSTR 2017 conference. A preprint is at lopstr2017_ldrgen_preprint.pdf.

Examples

Here is a small example program generated by ldrgen:

/* Generated by Frama-C */
// Generated by ldrgen
// Seed: 82678471
// Command line arguments: -ldrgen -ldrgen-stmt-depth 2 -ldrgen-expr-depth 3
short fn1(char p, double p_5, unsigned long p_7, unsigned int p_11,
          unsigned short p_17, long long p_21, double p_25,
          unsigned char p_27)
{
  double v_51;
  long v_49;
  float v_47;
  unsigned char v_45;
  unsigned long long v_43;
  short v_41;
  unsigned int v_39;
  signed char v_37;
  long long v_35;
  unsigned short v_33;
  unsigned long v_31;
  double v_29;
  unsigned int v_23;
  int v_19;
  unsigned long long v_15;
  long long v_13;
  unsigned short v_9;
  unsigned char v;
  short result;
  v_51 = p_5;
  v_47 = -7300539349.21f;
  v_43 = 18446744073709511602ULL;
  v_41 = (short)-20504;
  v_35 = -26125LL;
  v_31 = 4169455334UL;
  v_29 = 670.493914988;
  v_23 = 4245290602U;
  v_19 = -2470;
  v_13 = 1064779636LL;
  v_9 = (unsigned short)45625;
  v_49 = (long)(- ((v_51 - (double)(unsigned short)38061) / ((double)(signed char)53 * p_25 + (double)404)));
  if ((unsigned int)(-3.2054506015e+38 * (double)((unsigned long)4864751150.7 * p_7)) + (
      (unsigned int)(~ v_41) - (p_11 - (unsigned int)v_47)) == (unsigned int)(
      (double)(- v_49) / (- p_5 + (double)87))) {
    v_41 = (short)((long long)(- (p_7 - p_7)) + - p_21);
    v_9 = (unsigned short)((long long)p_17 + (long long)p_25 % (((long long)p - v_35) + 719LL));
    v_39 = (unsigned int)((int)(- ((float)(short)-21044 * 3.19873597495e+37f)));
    v_15 = (unsigned long long)(- ((unsigned long)(~ v_39) / 3082953060UL));
    v_23 = (unsigned int)(- ((v_15 | 18446744073709503346ULL) % 4294921912ULL));
  }
  else {
    v_45 = (unsigned char)(! (-33986LL + p_21 / -107602102LL));
    v_13 = (long long)(~ (- ((long)v_45 * -128552529L)));
    v_31 = 74UL;
    v_29 = (double)(~ ((unsigned long long)p_7 - 18446744073406306995ULL * v_43));
    v_15 = (unsigned long long)(172U + ~ (~ p_11));
  }
  while (~ v_23 < 1U) {
    v_19 = (int)((char)v_29) % 125;
    v_37 = (signed char)-9951321808.38;
    v_33 = (unsigned short)(((double)v_37 * (p_5 - (double)p)) / (double)18446744073294828742ULL);
    v_15 = (unsigned long long)(((double)((int)v_33 * 78) * - p_5) * (double)(
                                (long long)(~ p_7) / ((215LL - v_35) + 852LL)));
    v_13 = (long long)(~ (~ (! p_11)));
    v_23 = (unsigned int)(2729386713.2f + (float)(! p_21 * (long long)v_31));
  }
  if ((unsigned long long)((float)(p_7 / 64249UL + (unsigned long)((unsigned int)v_9 * p_11)) * (
                           (1.88298916636e+38f - (float)v_13) - (float)(
                           v_15 % 203ULL))) <= (unsigned long long)((long long)(
                                                                    -120 / (
                                                                    (int)p_17 + 71)) + (
                                                                    (long long)v_19 - p_21)) * 4294946671ULL) {
    v = (unsigned char)(~ ((unsigned long long)p_5 - 42536ULL) % (unsigned long long)(
                        (long)(- -6414484372.37) % 43253L + 627L));
    result = (short)((84 + (int)(- v)) + (int)(- p));
  }
  else result = (short)-24120;
  return result;
}

TODOs

Many more C language constructs should be added.

Installation

This program is implemented as a plugin for Frama-C http://frama-c.com/. It should run on all Unix-like platforms with Frama-C and standard build tools.

Your favorite package manager may provide a Frama-C package that installs all you need. Otherwise, the easiest way to install Frama-C is to first install OPAM, the OCaml package manager http://opam.ocaml.org/. You can then run:

opam install frama-c

See https://www.frama-c.com/html/get-frama-c.html for more information on installing Frama-C via OPAM. ldrgen is known to work with Frama-C 29.0 (Copper) on OCaml 5.2.0 installed via OPAM 2.1.6.

With Frama-C installed and the frama-c executable in your path, you can compile ldrgen by running dune build and install it with dune install. It will be installed in Frama-C's plugin directory. You can remove it again by running dune uninstall.

For now, run ldrgen as frama-c -ldrgen. See frama-c -ldrgen-h for documentation on some command-line flags that can affect the generated code.

Contact

This program was written by Gergö Barany [email protected]. It lives at https://github.com/gergo-/ldrgen.

Comments, questions, bug reports, feature requests, and patches are welcome!

Copying

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program (file LICENSE). If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.