Outline

• Perfmon Metrics
• Top-down Microarchitecture Analysis (TMA)
• Perfmon Events
• How to Contribute
• Support

perfmon-metrics

Perfmon Metrics is a set of metric files and scripts used to perform performance analysis of systems. This repo has three parts

1. List of generically formatted json files for metric equations per platform

2. Scripts for processing the generic format of the metric equations into common tool formats

3. Documentation on how to analyze the metric and the output

Getting Started

JSON Format Explanation

• MetricName: The string name of the metric being defined.

• Level: Integer value representing the relationship of this metric in a hierarchy of metrics. This field can be used along with "ParentCategory" to define a tree structure of metrics. Root level metrics have a level of 1.

• BriefDescription: The description of what the metric is measuring. Long descriptions will be in the documents section of this GitHub.

• UnitOfMeasure: The unit of measure for a metric, can be time, frequency, number of samples, percent.

• Events: List of events and their alias which is used in the formula.

  • Name: The name of the event from the JSON event list in the event list folder. May change per platform.

  • Alias: The alias used for the event in the formula.

• Constants: List of constants required for the given metric with the same fields as those defined for the event list: Name and Alias.

• Formula: String providing the arithmetic to be performed to form the metric value based on the provided aliases.

• Category: Useful tagging for the metric. Intended to be used for parsing when creating a subset of metrics list. Some categories will be general, IO, TMA, microservices

• Threshold: When the threshold evaluates as true then it indicates that this metric is meaningful for the current analysis. <sign> X requires that the value of the node should hold true the relationship with X. P requires that the nodes parent needs to pass the threshold for this to be true. ; separator, & and, | or $issueXX is a unique tag that associates together multiple nodes from different categories of the tree. For example, Bad_Speculation is tightly coupled with Branch_Resteers (from the Frontend_Bound Category). ~overlap indicates a weight of a specific node overlaps with its siblings. I.e. their costs are not mutually exclusive. For example, value of Branch_Resteers may overlap with ICache_Misses. Example: > 0.2 & P means the current node's values is above 20% and the Parent node is highlighted.

• ResolutionLevels: List of resolution levels that tools can choose to compute for the given metric. For example, if the list contains THREAD, then the metric can be computed at a per thread level. The metric is not valid when data is aggregated at a level not present in the resolution level list. If the list contains THREAD, CORE, SOCKET, SYSTEM then this indicates that a tool can choose to compute this metric at the thread level, or aggregate counts across core or socket or system level to report a broader metric resolution.

• MetricGroup: Grouping for perf, further explanation added on perf script release.

JSON Constant Explanation

• CHAS_PER_SOCKET: The number of CHA units per socket. The CHA is the Caching and Home Agent and the number of CHAs per socket is SKU dependent but often matches the number of cores per socket.
• CORES_PER_SOCKET: The number of cores per socket.
• DURATIONTIMEINSECONDS: The time interval in seconds that performance monitoring counter data was collected.
• SOCKET_COUNT: The number of sockets on the system.
• TSC: Duration time in cycles
• SYSTEM_TSC_FREQ: The TSC frequency metadata specific to the system being profiled in MHz.

Perf Script

Prerequisites

1. Python3+

2. perf v6.0 (recommend the newest version of perf available)

3. linux kernel version v5.11

The perf script in /scripts will take the metrics.json file and convert that generic format to a perf specific metrics file. See the pre-built metrics_icx_perf.json file in the scripts folder as a perf compatible version of the metrics that the script will generate.

1. How to build with perf

   1.1 Create working directory

   mkdir perfmon-metrics
   cd perfmon-metrics
   

   1.2 Clone the metric repository into the working directory

   git clone https://github.com/intel/perfmon.git

   1.3 Clone a copy of linux source code

   git clone https://github.com/torvalds/linux.git

   1.4 Copy the ICX metric file in the linux perf codebase

   cp ICX/metrics/perf/icx_metrics_perf.json <linux kernel source root dir>/tools/perf/pmu-events/arch/x86/icelakex/

   1.5 Build linux perf (Note: You will need to install dependencies)

   cd <linux kernel source root directory>/tools/perf
   make
   

2. Local copy of perf will now be built with the new metrics for Icelake systems

   ./perf stat -M <metric_name> -a -- <app>

3. Examples

   ./perf stat -M cpu_utilization_percent -a -- ./mlc

Known Issues

1. Metrics: Memory Bound, Ports Utilization, Core Bound and Fetch Bandwidth may produce incorrect results on HSX and BDX under multi-threaded conditions.

Good Reads

1. A Top-Down Method for Performance Analysis and Counters Architecture. Ahmad Yasin. In IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software, ISPASS 2014.

Top-down Microarchitecture Analysis (TMA)

In this repository there are three, related, metrics file types.

Files	Description and Additional Information
TMA_Metrics.xlsx Atom_TMA.xlsx E-core_TMA_Metrics.xlsx	Official TMA releases. Performance architect maintained metrics for Top-down analysis methodology. - Ahmad Yasin, "A Top-Down method for performance analysis and counters architecture", ISPASS 2014 - Intel® VTune™ Top-down Microarchitecture Analysis Method 1
TMA_Metrics.csv TMA_Metrics-full.csv E-core_TMA_Metrics.csv Atom_TMA.csv	CSV formatted metrics from the above .xlsx spreadsheets.
{platform}/metrics	JSON formatted metrics intended for performance monitoring tools. Full description in the previous documentation section.

Performance Monitoring Events

This package contains performance monitoring event lists for Intel® processors, as well as a mapping file to help match event lists to processor Family/Model/Stepping codes.

Event lists are available in JSON (.json) format.

Event lists are created per microarchitecture, and each has a version. Versions are listed in the event list header for each file and mapfile.csv. For some microarchitectures, up to three different event lists will be available. These event lists correspond to the types of events that can be collected:

Event Type	Description
core	Contains events counted from within a logical processor core. Core event list files also include offcore events (starting with CLX).
uncore	Contains events related to logic outside of the CPU core. Refer to the Uncore Performance Monitoring Reference Manuals for additional information.
uncore_experimental	Contains events related to logic outside of the CPU core. For additional information refer to the Uncore Performance Monitoring Reference Manuals above. Uncore experimental files contain events that PMU architects publish, but their behavior is currently unverified.
matrix	Contains matrix events counted from the core, but measuring responses that come from offcore.

The event list filename indicates which type of list it contains, and follows this format:

<microarchitecture-codename>_<core/uncore/uncore_experimental/matrix>

New version releases will be announced via GitHub. Please subscribe to release notifications.

Different microarchitectures provide different performance monitoring capabilities, so field names and categories of events may vary.

Licensing Information

The following files are distributed under the terms of the 3-clause BSD license:

• Mapfile.csv
• All .json files

Other files in this package are ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Event List Field Definitions

Below is a list of the fields/headers in the event files and a description of how SW tools should interpret these values. A particular event list from this package may not contain all the fields described below. For more detailed information of the Performance monitoring unit please refer to chapters 18 and 19 of Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual Volume 3B: System Programming Guide, Part 2.

https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/articles/technical/intel-sdm.html

EventCode

This field maps to the Event Select field in the IA32_PERFEVTSELx[7:0] MSRs. The set of values for this field is defined architecturally. Each value corresponds to an event logic unit and should be used with a unit mask value to obtain an architectural performance event.

UMask

This field maps to the Unit Mask filed in the IA32_PERFEVTSELx[15:8] MSRs. It further qualifies the event logic unit selected in the event select field to detect a specific micro-architectural condition.

EventName

It is a string of characters to identify the programming of an event.

BriefDescription

This field contains a description of what is being counted by a particular event.

PublicDescription

In some cases, this field will contain a more detailed description of what is counted by an event.

Counter

This field lists the fixed (PERF_FIXED_CTRX) or programmable (IA32_PMCX) counters that can be used to count the event.

CounterHTOff

This field lists the counters where this event can be sampled when Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology (Intel® HT Technology) is disabled. When Intel® HT Technology is disabled, some processor cores gain access to the programmable counters of the second thread, making a total of eight programmable counters available. The additional counters will be numbered 4,5,6,7. Fixed counter behavior remains unaffected. ²

⚠️ Starting with ICL, ICX, and subsequent platforms, CounterHTOff is not applicable and is accordingly not published in event files. Downstream tools should reference Counter whether Intel® HT Technology is enabled or disabled.

PEBScounters

This field is only relevant to PEBS events. It lists the counters where the event can be sampled when it is programmed as a PEBS event.

SampleAfterValue

Sample After Value (SAV) is the value that can be pre-loaded into the counter registers to set the point at which they will overflow. To make the counter overflow after N occurrences of the event, it should be loaded with (0xFF..FF - N) or -(N-1). On overflow a hardware interrupt is generated through the Local APIC and additional architectural state can be collected in the interrupt handler. This is useful in event-based sampling. This field gives a recommended default overflow value, which may be adjusted based on workload or tool preference.

MSRIndex

Additional MSRs may be required for programming certain events. This field gives the address of such MSRS. Examples include:

• 0x3F6: MSR_PEBS_LD_LAT - used to configure the Load Latency Performance Monitoring Facility
• 0x1A6/0x1A7: MSR_OFFCORE_RSP_X - used to configure the offcore response events

MSRValue

When an MSRIndex is used (indicated by MSRIndex), this field will contain the value that needs to be loaded into the register whose address is given in MSRIndex. For example, in the case of the load latency events, MSRValue defines the latency threshold value to write into the MSR defined in MSRIndex (0x3F6).

CollectPEBSRecord

Applies to processors that support both precise and non-precise events in Processor Event Based Sampling, such as Goldmont.

0. The event cannot be programmed to collect a PEBS record.
1. The event may be programmed to collect a PEBS record, but caution is advised. For instance, PEBS collection of this event may consume limited PEBS resources whereas interrupt-based sampling may be sufficient for the usage model.
2. The event may be programmed to collect a PEBS record, and due to the nature of the event, PEBS collection may be preferred. For instance, PEBS collection of Goldmont's HW_INTERUPTS.RECIEVED event is recommended because the hardware interrupt being counted may lead to the masking of interrupts which would interfere with interrupt-based sampling.
3. The event must be programmed to collect a PEBS record.

TakenAlone

This field is set for an event which can only be sampled or counted by itself, meaning that when this event is being collected, the remaining programmable counters are not available to count any other events.

CounterMask

This field maps to the Counter Mask (CMASK) field in IA32_PERFEVTSELx[31:24] MSR.

Invert

This field corresponds to the Invert Counter Mask (INV) field in IA32_PERFEVTSELx[23] MSR.

AnyThread

This field corresponds to the Any Thread (ANY) bit of IA32_PERFEVTSELx[21] MSR.

EdgeDetect

This field corresponds to the Edge Detect (E) bit of IA32_PERFEVTSELx[18] MSR.

PEBS

A '0' in this field means that the event cannot collect a PEBS record with a Precise IP. A '1' in this field means that the event is a precise event and can be programmed in one of two ways - as a regular event or as a PEBS event. And a '2' in this field means that the event can only be programmed as a PEBS event.

⚠️ Starting with ICL, ICX, and subsequent platforms, downstream tools will need to reference CollectPEBSRecord and Precise attributes instead of PEBS. Please refer to intel#114 for additional information.

PDISTCounter

PDist (Precise distribution) eliminates any skid or shadowing effects from PEBS. With PDist, the PEBS record will be generated precisely upon completion of the instruction or operation that causes the counter to overflow (there is no "wait for next occurrence" by default). ³

Example Values	Description
NA	Precise distribution is not applicable for this event.
32	Precise distribution is supported on fixed counter 0 for this event.
0,1	Precise distribution is supported on programmable counters 0 and 1 for this event.

Precise

The core event attribute Precise indicates if an event can collect a precise eventing instruction pointer in the PEBS record.

Value	Description
0	This event cannot provide a precise IP in the PEBS record.
1	This event can provide a precise IP in the PEBS record.

For precise events, upon triggering a PEBS assist, there will be a finite delay between the time the counter overflows and when the microcode starts to carry out its data collection obligations. The Reduced Skid mechanism mitigates the "skid" problem by providing an early indication of when the counter is about to overflow, allowing the machine to more precisely trap on the instruction that actually caused the counter overflow thus greatly reducing skid. ⁴

PRECISE_STORE

A '1' in this field means the event uses the Precise Store feature and Bit 3 and bit 63 in IA32_PEBS_ENABLE MSR must be set to enable IA32_PMC3 as a PEBS counter and enable the precise store facility respectively. Processors based on SandyBridge and IvyBridge micro-architecture offer a precise store capability that provides a means to profile store memory references in the system.

DATA_LA

A '1' in this field means that when the event is configured as a PEBS event, the Data Linear Address facility is supported. The Data Linear Address facility is a new feature added to Haswell as a replacement or extension of the precise store facility in SNB.

L1_HIT_INDICATION

A '1' in this field means that when the event is configured as a PEBS event, the DCU hit field of the PEBS record is set to 1 when the store hits in the L1 cache and 0 when it misses.

Errata

This field lists the known bugs that apply to the events. For the latest errata information refer to the following specification updates.

Platform	Specification Updates / Errata Documentation
ADL	12th Generation Intel® Core™ Processor Specification Update (Doc. #682436)
CLX	2nd Gen Intel® Xeon® Scalable Processors Specification Update (Doc. #338848)
HSX	Intel® Xeon® Processor E5 v3 Product Family Specification Update (Doc. #330785)
ICL	10th Generation Intel® Core™ Processor Specification Update (Doc. #341079)
ICX	3rd Gen Intel® Xeon® Scalable Processors, Codename Ice Lake Specification Update (Doc. #637780)
IVB	Desktop 3rd Generation Intel® Core™ Processor Family Specification Update (Doc. #326766)
MTL	Intel® Core™ Ultra Processor Specification Update (Doc. #792254)
RPL5	13th Generation Intel® Core™, 14th Generation Intel® Core™ Processor Specification Update (Doc. #740518)
SPR	4th Gen Intel® Xeon® Scalable Processors Codename Sapphire Rapids Specification Update (Doc. #772415)
SKX	Intel® Xeon® Processor Scalable Family Specification Update (Doc. #336065)
TGL	11th Generation Intel® Core™ Processor Specification Update (Doc. #631123)

Offcore

This field is specific to the json format. There is only 1 file for core and offcore events in this format. This field is set to 1 for offcore events and 0 for core events.

Platform Specific Details

Tremont based platforms Snow Ridge, Elkhart Lake, and Jasper Lake

Please use SNR core event files. The EHL events folder is populated with a copy of SNR core.json for convenience.

For additional information

• Event documentation https://perfmon-events.intel.com/
• Intel® Platform Analysis Technology https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/topic-technology/platform-analysis-technology/overview.html
• Monitoring Integrated Memory Controller Requests in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th generation Intel® Core™ processors https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/articles/technical/monitoring-integrated-memory-controller-requests-in-the-2nd-3rd-and-4th-generation-intel.html

How to Contribute

Metrics

1. Report issues with metrics by opening a GitHub Issue.
2. Contribute new metrics along with a metrics test through pull requests. Moderators will test and validate the new metric on specified platforms before merging.
3. Add new scripts for conversions to other performance collection tools.

Events

Open a GitHub Issue and describe any requested changes and their associated platforms. Event lists are generated from a database and not directly edited. Pull requests editing event files will be closed and recreated as a GitHub Issue.

Support

1. Please open a GitHub Issue. Additional performance monitoring users likely have the same question. This option is the recommended support method.
2. If opening a GitHub Issue is not a viable option, please email [email protected]. Include platform configuration, event details, and relevant workload information if possible.

Notices

INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL'S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT.

A "Mission Critical Application" is any application in which failure of the Intel Product could result, directly or indirectly, in personal injury or death. SHOULD YOU PURCHASE OR USE INTEL'S PRODUCTS FOR ANY SUCH MISSION CRITICAL APPLICATION, YOU SHALL INDEMNIFY AND HOLD INTEL AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES, SUBCONTRACTORS AND AFFILIATES, AND THE DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, AND EMPLOYEES OF EACH, HARMLESS AGAINST ALL CLAIMS COSTS, DAMAGES, AND EXPENSES AND REASONABLE ATTORNEYS' FEES ARISING OUT OF, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, ANY CLAIM OF PRODUCT LIABILITY, PERSONAL INJURY, OR DEATH ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF SUCH MISSION CRITICAL APPLICATION, WHETHER OR NOT INTEL OR ITS SUBCONTRACTOR WAS NEGLIGENT IN THE DESIGN, MANUFACTURE, OR WARNING OF THE INTEL PRODUCT OR ANY OF ITS PARTS.

Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked "reserved" or "undefined". Intel reserves these for future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them. The information here is subject to change without notice. Do not finalize a design with this information.

The products described in this document may contain design defects or errors known as errata which may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request.

Contact your local Intel sales office or your distributor to obtain the latest specifications and before placing your product order.

Copies of documents which have an order number and are referenced in this document, or other Intel literature, may be obtained by calling 1-800-548-4725, or go to: http://www.intel.com/design/literature.htm

Copyright (c) 2014 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.

Footnotes

1. Intel, the Intel logo and VTune are trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries. ↩

2. See NOTE in the Intel® SDM section, "Architectural Performance Monitoring Version 3". ↩

3. Excerpt from Intel® SDM section, "PDist: Precise Distribution". ↩

4. Excerpt from Intel® SDM section, "Reduced Skid PEBS". ↩

5. Raptor Lake device IDs are mapped to Alder Lake event files. See mapfile.csv. ↩