Add an environment loader API and implementation for some DMI related fields

[JonathanHenson]

Adds an environment loading API as these probes are not cheap and this is my proposal for keeping it from getting to messy over time.

Long term I see this containing metadata about NIC configurations, cpu and gpu information, memory bus information, etc... Then other parts of the system can load the environment once to make optimization and defaulting decisions.

This is currently being used in aws-c-s3 for determining if we're running on ec2 nitro and figuring out the instance type. It's very much intended to contain more data over time as the configurations get more involved.

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: 12 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (0baed28) 82.73% compared to head (93672d5) 82.65%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1063      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   82.73%   82.65%   -0.09%     
==========================================
  Files          52       54       +2     
  Lines        5664     5707      +43     
==========================================
+ Hits         4686     4717      +31     
- Misses        978      990      +12     

Files	Coverage Δ
source/linux/system_info.c	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
source/system_info.c	66.66% <66.66%> (ø)

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.