Split Networking section into separate document (#433)

docs/User-Guide_Getting-Started.md

@@ -233,40 +233,3 @@ On Allwinner devices after switching to boot from NAND or eMMC clearing the boot
 ## How to install to NAND?
 
 While in theory writing to NAND should still be possible using `armbian-installer`, this requires running a very old 3.4.y kernel which Armbian as dropped support for several years ago. Therefore this feature is to be considered as deprecated and no support for either 3.4.y systems or NAND installations will be provided.
-
-## How to connect to wireless?
-
-Required condition: a board with onboard or supported 3rd party wireless adapter on USB
-
-If you know what is your wireless SSID:
-
-	nmtui-connect SSID
-
-![](https://www.armbian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/wifi-1.png)
-
-If you do not know, you can browse and then connect
-
-	nmtui-connect
-
-![](https://www.armbian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/wifi-2.png)
-
-## How to set fixed IP?
-
-By default your main network adapter's IP is assigned by your router DHCP server and all network interfaces are managed by **NetworkManager**:
-
-	user@boardname:~$ nmcli con show
-	NAME	UUID	TYPE	DEVICE 
-	Wired connection 1	xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx	802-3-ethernet	eth0 
-
-The connection can now be edited with the following:
-
-	nmcli con mod "Wired connection 1"
-	  ipv4.addresses "HOST_IP_ADDRESS"
-	  ipv4.gateway "IP_GATEWAY"
-	  ipv4.dns "DNS_SERVER(S)"
-	  ipv4.dns-search "DOMAIN_NAME"
-	  ipv4.method "manual"
-
-The same changes can also be done with NetworkManagers text user interface:
-
-	sudo nmtui

docs/User-Guide_Networking.md

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+# Networking
+
+Armbian uses **Netplan.io** to describe networking configurations. This is the same on minimal IOT, server CLI and desktop images, Debian or Ubuntu based. However, backends are different. 
+
+# Minimal images with networkd
+
+Minimal images are using `systemd-networkd`, which has **smaller footprint**. `systemd-networkd` is a system daemon that manages network configurations. It detects and configures network devices as they appear; it can also create virtual network devices. This service can be especially useful to set up complex network configurations. It also works fine on simple connections.
+
+## Default Armbian configuration 
+
+Preinstalled configuration will run DHCP on all ethernet devices in order to help you connecting to the device and configure it appropriate.
+
+`/etc/netplan/armbian-default.yaml`
+
+        network:
+          version: 2
+          renderer: networkd
+          ethernets:
+            alleths:
+              match:
+                name: e*
+              dhcp4: true
+              dhcp6: true
+
+## Configuration examples
+
+###  Set fixed IP address
+
+`/etc/netplan/armbian-default.yaml`
+
+        network:
+          version: 2
+          renderer: networkd
+          ethernets:
+            eth0:
+              addresses:
+                - 10.0.40.199/24
+
+### Connect to wireless hotspot
+
+It is recommended to make a separate config file for wireless network.
+
+Generate a file:
+
+        sudo nano /etc/netplan/armbian-default.yaml
+
+with content:
+
+        version: 2
+        renderer: networkd
+        network:
+          wifis:
+            wlan0:
+              dhcp4: true
+              dhcp6: true
+              access-points:
+                "SSID":
+                  password: "password"
+
+Replace `SSID` with the name of your hot-spot and `wlan0` with a device used on your system.
+
+## Applying configuration
+
+Once you are done with configuring your network its time to test syntax and apply it.
+
+### 1.  Fix configurations permissions
+
+        sudo chmod 600 /etc/netplan/*.yaml 
+
+### 2. Test if syntax is correct
+
+        sudo netplan try
+
+### 3.  Apply configuration
+
+        sudo netplan apply
+
+# CLI and desktop images with NetworkManager
+
+Cerver CLI and desktop images are using Network Manager. You can use the same methods as for minimal images.
+
+###  Set fixed IP address
+
+`/etc/netplan/armbian-default.yaml`
+
+        network:
+          version: 2
+          renderer: NetworkManager
+          ethernets:
+            eth0:
+              addresses:
+                - 10.0.40.199/24
+
+But you can also use CLI / GUI tools
+
+	nmtui-connect SSID
+
+![](images/wifi-connect.png)
+
+Replace `SSID` with the name of your hot-spot
+
+        nmtui-edit eth0
+
+![](images/edit-connection.png)
+
+Replace `eth0` with the name of your network device.
+
+# Automatic configuration at first run
+
+It is possible to store first run preset network settings to the file `/root/.not_logged_in_yet` which is read and executed at first login.
+
+Mount live image before first run and use this example:
+
+    # Set PRESET_NET_CHANGE_DEFAULTS to 1 to apply any network related settings below
+
+    PRESET_NET_CHANGE_DEFAULTS="1"
+
+    # Enable WiFi or Ethernet.
+    # NB: If both are enabled, WiFi will take priority and Ethernet will be disabled.
+
+    PRESET_NET_ETHERNET_ENABLED=1
+    PRESET_NET_WIFI_ENABLED=1
+
+    # Enter your WiFi creds
+    # SECURITY WARN: Your wifi keys will be stored in plaintext, no encryption.
+
+    PRESET_NET_WIFI_SSID='MySSID'
+    PRESET_NET_WIFI_KEY='MyWiFiKEY'
+
+    # Country code to enable power ratings and channels for your country. 
+
+    # eg: GB US DE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2
+    PRESET_NET_WIFI_COUNTRYCODE='GB'
+
+    # If you want to use a static ip, set it here
+
+    PRESET_NET_USE_STATIC=1
+    PRESET_NET_STATIC_IP='192.168.0.100'
+    PRESET_NET_STATIC_MASK='255.255.255.0'
+    PRESET_NET_STATIC_GATEWAY='192.168.0.1'
+    PRESET_NET_STATIC_DNS='9.9.9.9 1.1.1.1'
+
+If you want to use first run automatic configuration at build time, [check this](https://github.com/armbian/build/pull/6194).
+
+1. Copy `cp extensions/preset-firstrun.sh userpatches/extensions/`
+2. Edit `userpatches/extensions/preset-firstrun.sh` according to your situation
+3. Build with additional parameter `ENABLE_EXTENSIONS=preset-firstrun`
+
+Note: this method also adds new user, sets passwords, ...

mkdocs.yml

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ nav:
       - "Frequently asked questions": "User-Guide_FAQ.md"
       - "Advanced Features": "User-Guide_Advanced-Features.md"
       - "Fine Tuning": "User-Guide_Fine-Tuning.md"
+      - "Networking": "User-Guide_Networking.md"
       - "Armbian config": "User-Guide_Armbian-Config.md"
       - "Armbian DT overlays": "User-Guide_Armbian_overlays.md"
       - "Board Support Rules": "User-Guide_Board-Support-Rules.md"