Up to this point we know that
Now we want to extend this to non-primes. We know that every non-prime is a product of powers of primes, then the first thing to do is know how the Totient function behaves for powers of primes.
Let's take
To solve this in the easiest way possible we can remove those we are sure are not coprimes.
Every number multiplied by
Then:
Then:
We know that multiplicativity holds for primes, but here we have
If we manage to demonstrate that multiplicativity holds for non-primes (powers of primes actually) we can multiply
Let's look at the new scheme for this example. Making this has helped me a lot in the process.
Here becomes clear that removing co-factors will be harder. The previous reasoning scheme holds but now we will have to remove all the columns and lines which are mults of
We know that we will have to remove
where
The scheme above is a little bit messy, and looks like it's not following a structured reasoning, this time is going to be harder to make it structured and perform swaps and preserve formalization.
Structured scheme:
Looking at this scheme it's easy to see that
We already know that there are