Universaldot Node : Blockchain for creating digital economies

In the past, people have created organizations and corporations by obtaining legal status from a government or a state. In the future, organizations and corporations will be created digitally and will have global instead of local reach. UNIVERSALDOT Foundation provides the needed infrastructure for people to organize themselves by creating digital identities and tasks. We enable the creation of a new digital future.

This repository provides Node implementation based Substrate node. FRAME pallets are imported via git from our own pallets repository.

Pallets

• Profile - Enables users to create unique profile as identity
• Task - Creates the interaction between different users. Some users need some tasks to completed while others wish to complete tasks.
• Dao - Complex Task require more effort from a community rather than single users. This is accomplished by creating decentralized autonomous organizations.
• Did - Allows transfer of assets to other Accounts.
• Grant - Allows grants to be requested by accounts that have 0 balance. Grants are awarded each block to random grant requesters from a Treasury Account. =======

Getting Started

Rust Setup

First, complete the basic Rust setup instructions.

Run

Use Rust's native cargo command to build and launch the template node:

cargo run --release -- --dev

Build

The cargo run command will perform an initial build. Use the following command to build the node without launching it:

cargo build --release

Embedded Docs

Once the project has been built, the following command can be used to explore all parameters and subcommands:

./target/release/node-template -h

Run

The provided cargo run command will launch a temporary node and its state will be discarded after you terminate the process. After the project has been built, there are other ways to launch the node.

Single-Node Development Chain

This command will start the single-node development chain with non-persistent state:

./target/release/node-template --dev

Purge the development chain's state:

./target/release/node-template purge-chain --dev

Start the development chain with detailed logging:

RUST_BACKTRACE=1 ./target/release/node-template -ldebug --dev

Development chain means that the state of our chain will be in a tmp folder while the nodes are running. Also, alice account will be authority and sudo account as declared in the genesis state. At the same time the following accounts will be pre-funded:

• Alice
• Bob
• Alice//stash
• Bob//stash

In case of being interested in maintaining the chain' state between runs a base path must be added so the db can be stored in the provided folder instead of a temporal one. We could use this folder to store different chain databases, as a different folder will be created per different chain that is ran. The following commands shows how to use a newly created folder as our db base path.

// Create a folder to use as the db base path
$ mkdir my-chain-state

// Use of that folder to store the chain state
$ ./target/release/node-template --dev --base-path ./my-chain-state/

// Check the folder structure created inside the base path after running the chain
$ ls ./my-chain-state
chains
$ ls ./my-chain-state/chains/
dev
$ ls ./my-chain-state/chains/dev
db keystore network

Connect with Polkadot-JS Apps Front-end

Once the node is running locally, you can connect it with Polkadot-JS Apps front-end to interact with your chain. Click here connecting the Apps to your local node.

Multi-Node Local Testnet

If you want to see the multi-node consensus algorithm in action, refer to our Start a Private Network tutorial.

Node Structure

A Substrate project such as this consists of a number of components that are spread across a few directories.

Node

A blockchain node is an application that allows users to participate in a blockchain network. Substrate-based blockchain nodes expose a number of capabilities:

• Networking: Substrate nodes use the libp2p networking stack to allow the nodes in the network to communicate with one another.
• Consensus: Blockchains must have a way to come to consensus on the state of the network. Substrate makes it possible to supply custom consensus engines and also ships with several consensus mechanisms that have been built on top of Web3 Foundation research.
• RPC Server: A remote procedure call (RPC) server is used to interact with Substrate nodes.

There are several files in the node directory - take special note of the following:

• chain_spec.rs: A chain specification is a source code file that defines a Substrate chain's initial (genesis) state. Chain specifications are useful for development and testing, and critical when architecting the launch of a production chain. Take note of the development_config and testnet_genesis functions, which are used to define the genesis state for the local development chain configuration. These functions identify some well-known accounts and use them to configure the blockchain's initial state.
• service.rs: This file defines the node implementation. Take note of the libraries that this file imports and the names of the functions it invokes. In particular, there are references to consensus-related topics, such as the longest chain rule, the Aura block authoring mechanism and the GRANDPA finality gadget.

After the node has been built, refer to the embedded documentation to learn more about the capabilities and configuration parameters that it exposes:

./target/release/node-template --help

Runtime

In Substrate, the terms "runtime" and "state transition function" are analogous - they refer to the core logic of the blockchain that is responsible for validating blocks and executing the state changes they define. The Substrate project in this repository uses the FRAME framework to construct a blockchain runtime. FRAME allows runtime developers to declare domain-specific logic in modules called "pallets". At the heart of FRAME is a helpful macro language that makes it easy to create pallets and flexibly compose them to create blockchains that can address a variety of needs.

Review the FRAME runtime implementation included in this template and note the following:

• This file configures several pallets to include in the runtime. Each pallet configuration is defined by a code block that begins with impl $PALLET_NAME::Config for Runtime.
• The pallets are composed into a single runtime by way of the construct_runtime! macro, which is part of the core FRAME Support library.

Pallets

The runtime in this project is constructed using many FRAME pallets that ship with the core Substrate repository and a pallets that is defined in the pallets repository.

A FRAME pallet is compromised of a number of blockchain primitives:

• Storage: FRAME defines a rich set of powerful storage abstractions that makes it easy to use Substrate's efficient key-value database to manage the evolving state of a blockchain.
• Dispatchables: FRAME pallets define special types of functions that can be invoked (dispatched) from outside of the runtime in order to update its state.
• Events: Substrate uses events and errors to notify users of important changes in the runtime.
• Errors: When a dispatchable fails, it returns an error.
• Config: The Config configuration interface is used to define the types and parameters upon which a FRAME pallet depends.

Run in Docker

First, install Docker and Docker Compose.

We publish the latest standalone node to the Docker Hub, from where it can be pulled and ran locally with relatively low effort and high compatibility.

To pull the image locally, run the following command in your terminal.

docker pull universaldot/node

Furthermore, we provide a Docker-Compose service that is able to start a blockchain with basic front-end application.

Then run the following command to start a single node development chain.

./scripts/docker_run.sh

This command will firstly compile your code, and then start a local development network. You can also replace the default command (cargo build --release && ./target/release/node-template --dev --ws-external) by appending your own. A few useful ones are as follow.

# Run Substrate node without re-compiling
./scripts/docker_run.sh ./target/release/node-template --dev --ws-external

# Purge the local dev chain
./scripts/docker_run.sh ./target/release/node-template purge-chain --dev

# Check whether the code is compilable
./scripts/docker_run.sh cargo check

Development

A develop image is also available, which is automatically updated on each push to the develop branch. To pull/update the image locally, run the following command in your terminal.

docker pull universaldot/node:develop

To run the image interactively, exposing the port and removing the container on exit:

docker run -it --rm -p 9944:9944 universaldot/node:develop

Or alternatively to use a single container to preserve any data during development:

docker run -d -p 9944:9944 --name node universaldot/node:develop

Regenerate Weights for pallets

• Each pallet task, profile and dao contains weights for extrinsics in weights.rs file for respective pallet directory.
• weights.rs contains command to regenerate weights. The command looks like following:

./target/release/node-template benchmark pallet --chain dev --execution wasm --wasm-execution compiled --pallet 'pallet_profile' --extrinsic '*' --steps 100 --repeat 50 --output ./pallets/profile/src/weights.rs --template .maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs

or

./target/release/node-template benchmark --chain dev --execution wasm --wasm-execution compiled --pallet 'pallet_profile' --extrinsic '*' --steps 100 --repeat 50 --output ./pallets/profile/src/weights.rs --template .maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs

depending on cli version.

• Make sure node is built in release mode with runtime-benchmark features enabled. cargo build --release --features runtime-benchmarks
• For more information on benchmarking including recommended hardware check https://docs.substrate.io/v3/runtime/benchmarking/