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Introduction to Linux: On Ubuntu.

Table of Content

About Bash projects

Unless stated, all your projects will be auto-corrected with Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.

Concepts

For this project, we expect you to look at this concept:

RTFM

Resources

Read or watch:

man or help:

  • cd
  • ls
  • pwd
  • less
  • file
  • ln
  • cp
  • mv
  • rm
  • mkdir
  • type
  • which
  • help
  • man

Learning Objectives

At the end of this project, you are expected to be able to explain to anyone, without the help of Google:

General

  • What does RTFM mean?
  • What is a Shebang

What is the Shell

  • What is the shell
  • What is the difference between a terminal and a shell
  • What is the shell prompt
  • How to use the history (the basics)

Navigation

  • What do the commands or built-ins cd, pwd, ls do
  • How to navigate the filesystem
  • What are the . and .. directories
  • What is the working directory, how to print it and how to change it
  • What is the root directory
  • What is the home directory, and how to go there
  • What is the difference between the root directory and the home directory of the user root
  • What are the characteristics of hidden files and how to list them
  • What does the command cd - do

Looking Around

  • What do the commands ls, less, file do
  • How do you use options and arguments with commands
  • Understand the ls long format and how to display it
  • A Guided Tour
  • What does the ln command do
  • What do you find in the most common/important directories
  • What is a symbolic link
  • What is a hard link
  • What is the difference between a hard link and a symbolic link

Manipulating Files

  • What do the commands cp, mv, rm, mkdir do
  • What are wildcards and how do they work
  • How to use wildcards

Working with Commands

  • What do type, which, help, man commands do
  • What are the different kinds of commands
  • What is an alias
  • When do you use the command help instead of man

Reading Man Pages

  • How to read a man page
  • What are man page sections
  • What are the section numbers for User commands, System calls and Library functions

Keyboard Shortcuts for Bash

  • Common shortcuts for Bash

LTS

  • What does LTS mean?

Requirements

General

  • Allowed editors: vi, vim, emacs
  • All your scripts will be tested on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
  • All your scripts should be exactly two lines long ($ wc -l file should print 2)
  • All your files should end with a new line (why?)
  • The first line of all your files should be exactly #!/bin/bash
  • A README.md file at the root of the repo, containing a description of the repository
  • A README.md file, at the root of the folder of this project, describing what each script is doing
  • You are not allowed to use backticks, &&, || or ;
  • All your scripts must be executable. To make your file executable, use the chmod command: chmod u+x file. Later, we’ll learn more about how to utilize this command.

More Info

Example of line count and first line

julien@ubuntu:/tmp$ wc -l 12-file_type
2 12-file_type
julien@ubuntu:/tmp$ head -n 1 12-file_type
#!/bin/bash
julien@ubuntu:/tmp$

In order to test your scripts, you will need to use this command: chmod u+x file. We will see later what does chmod mean and do, but you can have a look at man chmod if you are curious.

Example

julien@ubuntu:/tmp$ ls
12-file_type
lll
julien@ubuntu:/tmp$ ls -la lll
-rw-rw-r-- 1 julien julien 15 Sep 19 21:05 lll
julien@ubuntu:/tmp$ cat lll
#!/bin/bash
ls
julien@ubuntu:/tmp$ ls -l lll
-rw-rw-r-- 1 julien julien 15 Sep 19 21:05 lll
julien@ubuntu:/tmp$ chmod u+x lll # you do not have to understand this yet
julien@ubuntu:/tmp$ ls -l lll
-rwxrw-r-- 1 julien julien 15 Sep 19 21:05 lll
julien@ubuntu:/tmp$ ./lll
12-file_type
lll
julien@ubuntu:/tmp$

Author

Tafara Nyamhunga - Github / Twitter