diff --git a/examples/actix-app/Cargo.toml b/examples/actix-app/Cargo.toml
index 990632ab..35336250 100644
--- a/examples/actix-app/Cargo.toml
+++ b/examples/actix-app/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ publish = false
 [dependencies]
 actix-web = "4.3.1"
 fluent = "0.16.0"
-serde_json = "1.0.99"
+serde_json = "1.0.100"
 tracing = "0.1.37"
 
 [dependencies.serde]
diff --git a/examples/axum-app/Cargo.toml b/examples/axum-app/Cargo.toml
index 13ba4ee5..f638d6f2 100644
--- a/examples/axum-app/Cargo.toml
+++ b/examples/axum-app/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ publish = false
 [dependencies]
 axum = "0.6.18"
 fluent = "0.16.0"
-serde_json = "1.0.99"
+serde_json = "1.0.100"
 tracing = "0.1.37"
 
 [dependencies.serde]
diff --git a/zino-core/Cargo.toml b/zino-core/Cargo.toml
index c7261f78..1a64056e 100644
--- a/zino-core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/zino-core/Cargo.toml
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ version = "1.0.164"
 features = ["derive"]
 
 [dependencies.serde_json]
-version = "1.0.99"
+version = "1.0.100"
 features = ["raw_value"]
 
 [dependencies.sqlx]
diff --git a/zino-core/src/chatbot/chatbot_openai.rs b/zino-core/src/chatbot/chatbot_openai.rs
index c04f1b6f..3f324bf4 100644
--- a/zino-core/src/chatbot/chatbot_openai.rs
+++ b/zino-core/src/chatbot/chatbot_openai.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use super::{chatbot::ChatbotClient::OpenAi, Chatbot, ChatbotService};
+use super::{client::ChatbotClient::OpenAi, Chatbot, ChatbotService};
 use crate::{
     application::http_client,
     error::Error,
diff --git a/zino-core/src/chatbot/chatbot.rs b/zino-core/src/chatbot/client.rs
similarity index 97%
rename from zino-core/src/chatbot/chatbot.rs
rename to zino-core/src/chatbot/client.rs
index 180e57a9..f166a5bb 100644
--- a/zino-core/src/chatbot/chatbot.rs
+++ b/zino-core/src/chatbot/client.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl Chatbot {
             "openai" => OpenAiChatCompletion::try_new_chatbot(config),
             _ => {
                 let message = format!("chatbot service `{service}` is unsupported");
-                return Err(Error::new(message));
+                Err(Error::new(message))
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/zino-core/src/chatbot/mod.rs b/zino-core/src/chatbot/mod.rs
index 4531fcd6..5f407b65 100644
--- a/zino-core/src/chatbot/mod.rs
+++ b/zino-core/src/chatbot/mod.rs
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ use crate::{error::Error, extension::TomlTableExt, state::State, Map};
 use std::sync::LazyLock;
 use toml::Table;
 
-mod chatbot;
+mod client;
 
 /// Supported chatbot services.
 #[cfg(feature = "chatbot-openai")]
 mod chatbot_openai;
 
-pub use chatbot::Chatbot;
+pub use client::Chatbot;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "chatbot-openai")]
 use chatbot_openai::OpenAiChatCompletion;
diff --git a/zino-core/src/connector/connector_arrow/arrow_array.rs b/zino-core/src/connector/connector_arrow/arrow_array.rs
index cbbf2c9a..03905bb4 100644
--- a/zino-core/src/connector/connector_arrow/arrow_array.rs
+++ b/zino-core/src/connector/connector_arrow/arrow_array.rs
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ impl ArrowArrayExt for dyn Array {
                 let position = dictionary_array.lookup_key(value).ok_or_else(|| {
                     Error::new(format!("value `{value}` is not in the dictionary"))
                 })?;
-                AvroValue::Enum(position.try_into()?, value.to_owned())
+                AvroValue::Enum(position, value.to_owned())
             }
             data_type => {
                 let message = format!("cannot convert the `{data_type}` value to an Avro value");
diff --git a/zino-core/src/connector/connector_arrow/arrow_schema.rs b/zino-core/src/connector/connector_arrow/arrow_schema.rs
index d60e6f94..576b63d9 100644
--- a/zino-core/src/connector/connector_arrow/arrow_schema.rs
+++ b/zino-core/src/connector/connector_arrow/arrow_schema.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl ArrowSchemaExt for Schema {
                 TomlValue::Array(array) => {
                     let length = array.len();
                     if length == 1 && let Some(TomlValue::String(value_type)) = array.first() {
-                        let item_data_type = parse_arrow_data_type(&value_type)?;
+                        let item_data_type = parse_arrow_data_type(value_type)?;
                         let field = Field::new("item", item_data_type, true);
                         DataType::List(Arc::new(field))
                     } else if length >= 2 {
diff --git a/zino-core/src/connector/connector_arrow/data_frame.rs b/zino-core/src/connector/connector_arrow/data_frame.rs
index 820a304b..9a1ca80e 100644
--- a/zino-core/src/connector/connector_arrow/data_frame.rs
+++ b/zino-core/src/connector/connector_arrow/data_frame.rs
@@ -43,9 +43,8 @@ impl DataFrameExecutor for DataFrame {
             for field in &batch.schema().fields {
                 let field_name = field.name().as_str();
                 if let Some(array) = batch.column_by_name(field_name) {
-                    for i in 0..num_rows {
-                        let record = &mut records[i];
-                        let value = array.parse_avro_value(i)?;
+                    for (index, record) in records.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+                        let value = array.parse_avro_value(index)?;
                         record.push((field_name.to_owned(), value));
                     }
                 }
@@ -67,9 +66,8 @@ impl DataFrameExecutor for DataFrame {
             for field in &batch.schema().fields {
                 let field_name = field.name().as_str();
                 if let Some(array) = batch.column_by_name(field_name) {
-                    for i in 0..num_rows {
-                        let map = &mut data[i];
-                        let value = array.parse_json_value(i)?;
+                    for (index, map) in data.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+                        let value = array.parse_json_value(index)?;
                         map.insert(field_name.to_owned(), value);
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/zino-core/src/connector/data_source.rs b/zino-core/src/connector/data_source.rs
index 49724554..6d3edfce 100644
--- a/zino-core/src/connector/data_source.rs
+++ b/zino-core/src/connector/data_source.rs
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ impl DataSource {
     /// Returns the protocol.
     #[inline]
     pub fn protocol(&self) -> &'static str {
-        &self.protocol
+        self.protocol
     }
 
     /// Returns the data source type.
diff --git a/zino-core/src/connector/mod.rs b/zino-core/src/connector/mod.rs
index 21801fe5..84878da3 100644
--- a/zino-core/src/connector/mod.rs
+++ b/zino-core/src/connector/mod.rs
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ pub trait Connector {
         let data = self.query(query, params).await?;
         let value = data
             .into_iter()
-            .map(|record| AvroValue::Record(record))
+            .map(AvroValue::Record)
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
         apache_avro::from_value(&AvroValue::Array(value)).map_err(|err| err.into())
     }
diff --git a/zino-core/src/database/mysql.rs b/zino-core/src/database/mysql.rs
index f461df9d..05b9ca9d 100644
--- a/zino-core/src/database/mysql.rs
+++ b/zino-core/src/database/mysql.rs
@@ -78,10 +78,7 @@ impl<'c> EncodeColumn<DatabaseDriver> for Column<'c> {
                         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
                     format!(r#"json_array({})"#, values.join(",")).into()
                 }
-                JsonValue::Object(_) => {
-                    let value = Query::escape_string(value);
-                    format!("{value}").into()
-                }
+                JsonValue::Object(_) => Query::escape_string(value).into(),
             }
         } else if self.default_value().is_some() {
             "DEFAULT".into()
@@ -140,7 +137,7 @@ impl<'c> EncodeColumn<DatabaseDriver> for Column<'c> {
                 "midnight" => "'00:00:00'".into(),
                 _ => Query::escape_string(value).into(),
             },
-            "Vec<u8>" => format!("'value'").into(),
+            "Vec<u8>" => format!("'{value}'").into(),
             "Vec<String>" | "Vec<Uuid>" => {
                 if value.contains(',') {
                     let values = value
@@ -153,10 +150,7 @@ impl<'c> EncodeColumn<DatabaseDriver> for Column<'c> {
                     format!(r#"json_array({value})"#).into()
                 }
             }
-            "Map" => {
-                let value = Query::escape_string(value);
-                format!("{value}").into()
-            }
+            "Map" => Query::escape_string(value).into(),
             _ => "NULL".into(),
         }
     }
@@ -365,7 +359,7 @@ impl DecodeRow<DatabaseRow> for Map {
                     "DOUBLE" => decode_column::<f64>(field, raw_value)?.into(),
                     "NUMERIC" => {
                         let value = decode_column::<Decimal>(field, raw_value)?;
-                        serde_json::to_value(&value)?
+                        serde_json::to_value(value)?
                     }
                     "TEXT" | "VARCHAR" | "CHAR" => {
                         decode_column::<String>(field, raw_value)?.into()
diff --git a/zino-core/src/encoding/base64.rs b/zino-core/src/encoding/base64.rs
index 1aca50b2..9f4719df 100644
--- a/zino-core/src/encoding/base64.rs
+++ b/zino-core/src/encoding/base64.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ pub(crate) fn decode(data: impl AsRef<[u8]>) -> Result<Vec<u8>, DecodeError> {
 pub(crate) fn encode_data_url(data: impl AsRef<[u8]>) -> String {
     let bytes = data.as_ref();
     let mut data = String::with_capacity(bytes.len() * 3 / 4);
-    base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD.encode_string(&bytes, &mut data);
+    base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD.encode_string(bytes, &mut data);
     format!("data:text/plain;base64,{data}")
 }
diff --git a/zino/Cargo.toml b/zino/Cargo.toml
index 0b61289a..e211c0c8 100644
--- a/zino/Cargo.toml
+++ b/zino/Cargo.toml
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ futures = "0.3.28"
 hyper = "0.14.27"
 parking_lot = "0.12.1"
 serde = "1.0.163"
-serde_json = "1.0.99"
+serde_json = "1.0.100"
 toml = "0.7.3"
 tracing = "0.1.37"