diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index 81a39c4ed..77e41a3d6 100644
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
         }
     },
     "require": {
-        "php": "^8.0.2",
-        "league/flysystem-local":  "^3.0.0",
+        "php": "^8.1",
+        "league/flysystem-local":  "^4.0.0",
         "league/mime-type-detection": "^1.0.0"
     },
     "require-dev": {
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
             "type": "package",
             "package": {
                 "name": "league/flysystem-local",
-                "version": "3.0.0",
+                "version": "4.0.0",
                 "dist": {
                     "type": "path",
                     "url": "src/Local"
diff --git a/src/AdapterTestUtilities/FilesystemAdapterTestCase.php b/src/AdapterTestUtilities/FilesystemAdapterTestCase.php
index 25fc93cea..c9555916e 100644
--- a/src/AdapterTestUtilities/FilesystemAdapterTestCase.php
+++ b/src/AdapterTestUtilities/FilesystemAdapterTestCase.php
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 namespace League\Flysystem\AdapterTestUtilities;
 
+use function json_encode;
 use const PHP_EOL;
 use DateInterval;
 use DateTimeImmutable;
@@ -225,6 +226,35 @@ public function writing_a_file_with_an_empty_stream(): void
         });
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @test
+     */
+    public function listing_metadata_for_a_file(): void
+    {
+        $this->givenWeHaveAnExistingFile('something.csv', '');
+
+        $metadata = $this->adapter()->metadata('something.csv', new Config);
+
+        $this->assertFalse($metadata->isDir());
+        $this->assertTrue($metadata->isFile());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @test
+     */
+    public function retrieving_metadata_for_a_directory(): void
+    {
+        $this->runScenario(function () {
+            $adapter = $this->adapter();
+            $adapter->createDirectory('somewhere/here/', new Config());
+
+            $metadata = $adapter->metadata('somewhere/here/', new Config());
+
+            $this->assertTrue($metadata->isDir());
+            $this->assertFalse($metadata->isFile());
+        });
+    }
+
     /**
      * @test
      */
@@ -539,7 +569,7 @@ public function listing_a_toplevel_directory(): void
         $this->runScenario(function () {
             $contents = iterator_to_array($this->adapter()->listContents('', true));
 
-            $this->assertCount(2, $contents);
+            $this->assertCount(2, $contents, json_encode($contents));
         });
     }
 
diff --git a/src/AdapterTestUtilities/RetryOnTestException.php b/src/AdapterTestUtilities/RetryOnTestException.php
index 1b52fc51f..f4fe2985f 100644
--- a/src/AdapterTestUtilities/RetryOnTestException.php
+++ b/src/AdapterTestUtilities/RetryOnTestException.php
@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@
 
 namespace League\Flysystem\AdapterTestUtilities;
 
+use function debug_backtrace;
+use function fwrite;
+use function get_class;
+use const DEBUG_BACKTRACE_IGNORE_ARGS;
 use const PHP_EOL;
 use const STDOUT;
 use League\Flysystem\FilesystemException;
@@ -68,6 +72,9 @@ protected function runScenario(callable $scenario): void
             return;
         }
 
+        $prevCaller = debug_backtrace(DEBUG_BACKTRACE_IGNORE_ARGS|DEBUG_BACKTRACE_PROVIDE_OBJECT)[1];
+        $className = get_class($prevCaller['object']);
+        $caller = "$className::{$prevCaller['function']}";
         $firstTryAt = \time();
         $lastTryAt = $firstTryAt + 60;
 
@@ -80,7 +87,8 @@ protected function runScenario(callable $scenario): void
                 if ( ! $exception instanceof $this->exceptionTypeToRetryOn) {
                     throw $exception;
                 }
-                fwrite(STDOUT, 'Retrying ...' . PHP_EOL);
+                fwrite(STDOUT, $exception . PHP_EOL);
+                fwrite(STDOUT, "Retrying $caller..." . PHP_EOL);
                 sleep($this->timeoutForExceptionRetry);
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/AdapterTestUtilities/composer.json b/src/AdapterTestUtilities/composer.json
index cd8c00f13..f20178635 100644
--- a/src/AdapterTestUtilities/composer.json
+++ b/src/AdapterTestUtilities/composer.json
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
         ]
     },
     "require": {
-        "php": "^8.0.2",
+        "php": "^8.1",
         "league/flysystem": "^4.0.0"
     },
     "license": "MIT",
diff --git a/src/AsyncAwsS3/AsyncAwsS3Adapter.php b/src/AsyncAwsS3/AsyncAwsS3Adapter.php
index ab52be10d..bb4d9f255 100644
--- a/src/AsyncAwsS3/AsyncAwsS3Adapter.php
+++ b/src/AsyncAwsS3/AsyncAwsS3Adapter.php
@@ -281,6 +281,20 @@ public function directoryExists(string $path): bool
         }
     }
 
+    public function metadata(string $path, Config $config): StorageAttributes
+    {
+        $arguments = ['Bucket' => $this->bucket, 'Key' => $this->prefixer->prefixPath($path)];
+
+        try {
+            $result = $this->client->headObject($arguments);
+            $result->resolve();
+        } catch (Throwable $exception) {
+            throw UnableToRetrieveMetadata::create($path, StorageAttributes::ATTRIBUTE_METADATA, $exception->getMessage(), $exception);
+        }
+
+        return $this->mapS3ObjectMetadata($result, $path);
+    }
+
     public function listContents(string $path, bool $deep): iterable
     {
         $path = trim($path, '/');
diff --git a/src/AsyncAwsS3/composer.json b/src/AsyncAwsS3/composer.json
index 6e48948fe..eddb7a4dd 100644
--- a/src/AsyncAwsS3/composer.json
+++ b/src/AsyncAwsS3/composer.json
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
         }
     },
     "require": {
-        "php": "^8.0.2",
+        "php": "^8.1",
         "league/flysystem": "^4.0.0",
         "league/mime-type-detection": "^1.0.0",
         "async-aws/s3": "^1.5 || ^2.0"
diff --git a/src/AwsS3V3/AwsS3V3Adapter.php b/src/AwsS3V3/AwsS3V3Adapter.php
index c0203352d..025e4164b 100644
--- a/src/AwsS3V3/AwsS3V3Adapter.php
+++ b/src/AwsS3V3/AwsS3V3Adapter.php
@@ -286,16 +286,7 @@ public function visibility(string $path): FileAttributes
 
     private function fetchFileMetadata(string $path, string $type): FileAttributes
     {
-        $arguments = ['Bucket' => $this->bucket, 'Key' => $this->prefixer->prefixPath($path)];
-        $command = $this->client->getCommand('HeadObject', $arguments);
-
-        try {
-            $result = $this->client->execute($command);
-        } catch (Throwable $exception) {
-            throw UnableToRetrieveMetadata::create($path, $type, '', $exception);
-        }
-
-        $attributes = $this->mapS3ObjectMetadata($result->toArray(), $path);
+        $attributes = $this->fetchMetadata($path, $type);
 
         if ( ! $attributes instanceof FileAttributes) {
             throw UnableToRetrieveMetadata::create($path, $type, '');
@@ -372,6 +363,25 @@ public function fileSize(string $path): FileAttributes
         return $attributes;
     }
 
+    public function metadata(string $path, Config $config): StorageAttributes
+    {
+        return $this->fetchMetadata($path, StorageAttributes::ATTRIBUTE_METADATA);
+    }
+
+    private function fetchMetadata(string $path, string $type): StorageAttributes
+    {
+        $arguments = ['Bucket' => $this->bucket, 'Key' => $this->prefixer->prefixPath($path)];
+        $command = $this->client->getCommand('HeadObject', $arguments);
+
+        try {
+            $result = $this->client->execute($command);
+        } catch (Throwable $exception) {
+            throw UnableToRetrieveMetadata::create($path, $type, '', $exception);
+        }
+
+        return $this->mapS3ObjectMetadata($result->toArray(), $path);
+    }
+
     public function listContents(string $path, bool $deep): iterable
     {
         $prefix = trim($this->prefixer->prefixPath($path), '/');
diff --git a/src/AwsS3V3/composer.json b/src/AwsS3V3/composer.json
index dbead73b1..7706bae1d 100644
--- a/src/AwsS3V3/composer.json
+++ b/src/AwsS3V3/composer.json
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
         }
     },
     "require": {
-        "php": "^8.0.2",
+        "php": "^8.1",
         "league/flysystem": "^4.0.0",
         "league/mime-type-detection": "^1.0.0",
         "aws/aws-sdk-php": "^3.295.10"
diff --git a/src/AzureBlobStorage/AzureBlobStorageAdapter.php b/src/AzureBlobStorage/AzureBlobStorageAdapter.php
index c29b65c68..2be39fffc 100644
--- a/src/AzureBlobStorage/AzureBlobStorageAdapter.php
+++ b/src/AzureBlobStorage/AzureBlobStorageAdapter.php
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 use League\Flysystem\FileAttributes;
 use League\Flysystem\FilesystemAdapter;
 use League\Flysystem\PathPrefixer;
+use League\Flysystem\StorageAttributes;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToCheckDirectoryExistence;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToCheckFileExistence;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToCopyFile;
@@ -347,6 +348,11 @@ public function publicUrl(string $path, Config $config): string
         return $this->client->getBlobUrl($this->container, $location);
     }
 
+    public function metadata(string $path, Config $config): StorageAttributes
+    {
+        return $this->fetchMetadata($this->prefixer->prefixPath($path));
+    }
+
     public function checksum(string $path, Config $config): string
     {
         $algo = $config->get('checksum_algo', 'md5');
diff --git a/src/AzureBlobStorage/composer.json b/src/AzureBlobStorage/composer.json
index 2120a4d42..b03375efc 100644
--- a/src/AzureBlobStorage/composer.json
+++ b/src/AzureBlobStorage/composer.json
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
         }
     },
     "require": {
-        "php": "^8.0.2",
+        "php": "^8.1",
         "league/flysystem": "^4.0.0",
         "microsoft/azure-storage-blob": "^1.1"
     },
diff --git a/src/DecoratedAdapter.php b/src/DecoratedAdapter.php
index 6428d1cb2..921d663be 100644
--- a/src/DecoratedAdapter.php
+++ b/src/DecoratedAdapter.php
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ public function directoryExists(string $path): bool
         return $this->adapter->directoryExists($path);
     }
 
+    public function metadata(string $path, Config $config): StorageAttributes
+    {
+        return $this->adapter->metadata($path, $config);
+    }
+
     public function write(string $path, string $contents, Config $config): void
     {
         $this->adapter->write($path, $contents, $config);
diff --git a/src/Filesystem.php b/src/Filesystem.php
index a23399ed7..448c9df16 100644
--- a/src/Filesystem.php
+++ b/src/Filesystem.php
@@ -181,9 +181,12 @@ public function visibility(string $path): string
         return $this->adapter->visibility($this->pathNormalizer->normalizePath($path))->visibility();
     }
 
-    public function metadata(string $path): StorageAttributes
+    public function metadata(string $path, array $config = []): StorageAttributes
     {
-        return $this->adapter->metadata($this->pathNormalizer->normalizePath($path));
+        return $this->adapter->metadata(
+            $this->pathNormalizer->normalizePath($path),
+            $this->config->extend($config),
+        );
     }
 
     public function publicUrl(string $path, array $config = []): string
diff --git a/src/FilesystemAdapter.php b/src/FilesystemAdapter.php
index c43fd231b..dc17db1d6 100644
--- a/src/FilesystemAdapter.php
+++ b/src/FilesystemAdapter.php
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ public function fileSize(string $path): FileAttributes;
      * @throws UnableToRetrieveMetadata
      * @throws FilesystemException
      */
-    public function metadata(string $path): StorageAttributes;
+    public function metadata(string $path, Config $config): StorageAttributes;
 
     /**
      * @return iterable<StorageAttributes>
diff --git a/src/FilesystemReader.php b/src/FilesystemReader.php
index ababd5dc6..883297e23 100644
--- a/src/FilesystemReader.php
+++ b/src/FilesystemReader.php
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ public function visibility(string $path): string;
      * @throws UnableToRetrieveMetadata
      * @throws FilesystemException
      */
-    public function metadata(string $path): StorageAttributes;
+    public function metadata(string $path, array $config = []): StorageAttributes;
 
     /**
      * @throws UnableToGeneratePublicUrl
diff --git a/src/Ftp/ConnectionProvider.php b/src/Ftp/ConnectionProvider.php
index 608bade2d..6ad9d772e 100644
--- a/src/Ftp/ConnectionProvider.php
+++ b/src/Ftp/ConnectionProvider.php
@@ -4,10 +4,9 @@
 
 namespace League\Flysystem\Ftp;
 
+use FTP\Connection;
+
 interface ConnectionProvider
 {
-    /**
-     * @return resource
-     */
-    public function createConnection(FtpConnectionOptions $options);
+    public function createConnection(FtpConnectionOptions $options): Connection;
 }
diff --git a/src/Ftp/ConnectivityChecker.php b/src/Ftp/ConnectivityChecker.php
index ca5a8407c..8d4ca23d0 100644
--- a/src/Ftp/ConnectivityChecker.php
+++ b/src/Ftp/ConnectivityChecker.php
@@ -4,10 +4,9 @@
 
 namespace League\Flysystem\Ftp;
 
+use FTP\Connection;
+
 interface ConnectivityChecker
 {
-    /**
-     * @param resource $connection
-     */
-    public function isConnected($connection): bool;
+    public function isConnected(Connection $connection): bool;
 }
diff --git a/src/Ftp/ConnectivityCheckerThatCanFail.php b/src/Ftp/ConnectivityCheckerThatCanFail.php
index 3bdbf264d..c57eccf48 100644
--- a/src/Ftp/ConnectivityCheckerThatCanFail.php
+++ b/src/Ftp/ConnectivityCheckerThatCanFail.php
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 namespace League\Flysystem\Ftp;
 
+use FTP\Connection;
+
 class ConnectivityCheckerThatCanFail implements ConnectivityChecker
 {
     private bool $failNextCall = false;
@@ -17,10 +19,7 @@ public function failNextCall(): void
         $this->failNextCall = true;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @inheritDoc
-     */
-    public function isConnected($connection): bool
+    public function isConnected(Connection $connection): bool
     {
         if ($this->failNextCall) {
             $this->failNextCall = false;
diff --git a/src/Ftp/FtpAdapter.php b/src/Ftp/FtpAdapter.php
index b15add8dc..12ae573a6 100644
--- a/src/Ftp/FtpAdapter.php
+++ b/src/Ftp/FtpAdapter.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 namespace League\Flysystem\Ftp;
 
 use DateTime;
+use FTP\Connection;
 use Generator;
 use League\Flysystem\Config;
 use League\Flysystem\DirectoryAttributes;
@@ -33,6 +34,8 @@
 use function ftp_chdir;
 use function ftp_close;
 use function is_string;
+use function preg_match;
+use function var_dump;
 
 class FtpAdapter implements FilesystemAdapter
 {
@@ -43,7 +46,7 @@ class FtpAdapter implements FilesystemAdapter
     private ConnectivityChecker $connectivityChecker;
 
     /**
-     * @var resource|false|\FTP\Connection
+     * @var false|\FTP\Connection
      */
     private mixed $connection = false;
     private PathPrefixer $prefixer;
@@ -79,10 +82,7 @@ public function __destruct()
         $this->disconnect();
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @return resource
-     */
-    private function connection()
+    private function connection(): Connection
     {
         start:
         if ( ! $this->hasFtpConnection()) {
@@ -347,17 +347,34 @@ public function fileSize(string $path): FileAttributes
         return new FileAttributes($path, $fileSize);
     }
 
+    public function metadata(string $path, Config $config): StorageAttributes
+    {
+        $location = $this->prefixer()->prefixPath($path);
+        $connection = $this->connection();
+        if ($path === '' || @ftp_chdir($connection, $location) === true) {
+            return new DirectoryAttributes($path);
+        }
+
+        $object = ftp_raw($connection, 'STAT ' . $this->escapePath($location));
+
+        if ( ! $object || count($object) < 3 || str_starts_with($object[1], 'ftpd:')) {
+            throw UnableToRetrieveMetadata::metadata($path, 'No result found');
+        }
+
+        return $this->normalizeObject($object[1], '');
+    }
+
     public function listContents(string $path, bool $deep): iterable
     {
         $path = ltrim($path, '/');
         $path = $path === '' ? $path : trim($path, '/') . '/';
 
         if ($deep && $this->connectionOptions->recurseManually()) {
-            yield from $this->listDirectoryContentsRecursive($path);
+            yield from $this->listDirectoryContentsRecursive($path, $this->connection());
         } else {
             $location = $this->prefixer()->prefixPath($path);
             $options = $deep ? '-alnR' : '-aln';
-            $listing = $this->ftpRawlist($options, $location);
+            $listing = $this->ftpRawlist($options, $location, $this->connection());
             yield from $this->normalizeListing($listing, $path);
         }
     }
@@ -499,10 +516,13 @@ private function normalizePermissions(string $permissions): int
         return octdec(implode('', array_map($mapper, $parts)));
     }
 
-    private function listDirectoryContentsRecursive(string $directory): Generator
+    /**
+     * @param resource|Connection $connection
+     */
+    private function listDirectoryContentsRecursive(string $directory, $connection): Generator
     {
         $location = $this->prefixer()->prefixPath($directory);
-        $listing = $this->ftpRawlist('-aln', $location);
+        $listing = $this->ftpRawlist('-aln', $location, $connection);
         /** @var StorageAttributes[] $listing */
         $listing = $this->normalizeListing($listing, $directory);
 
@@ -513,7 +533,7 @@ private function listDirectoryContentsRecursive(string $directory): Generator
                 continue;
             }
 
-            $children = $this->listDirectoryContentsRecursive($item->path());
+            $children = $this->listDirectoryContentsRecursive($item->path(), $connection);
 
             foreach ($children as $child) {
                 yield $child;
@@ -521,10 +541,9 @@ private function listDirectoryContentsRecursive(string $directory): Generator
         }
     }
 
-    private function ftpRawlist(string $options, string $path): array
+    private function ftpRawlist(string $options, string $path, Connection $connection): array
     {
         $path = rtrim($path, '/') . '/';
-        $connection = $this->connection();
 
         if ($this->isPureFtpdServer()) {
             $path = str_replace(' ', '\ ', $path);
diff --git a/src/Ftp/FtpConnectionProvider.php b/src/Ftp/FtpConnectionProvider.php
index ff13f17fe..94f9fd6c0 100644
--- a/src/Ftp/FtpConnectionProvider.php
+++ b/src/Ftp/FtpConnectionProvider.php
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 namespace League\Flysystem\Ftp;
 
+use FTP\Connection;
 use const FTP_USEPASVADDRESS;
 use function error_clear_last;
 use function error_get_last;
@@ -11,11 +12,9 @@
 class FtpConnectionProvider implements ConnectionProvider
 {
     /**
-     * @return resource
-     *
      * @throws FtpConnectionException
      */
-    public function createConnection(FtpConnectionOptions $options)
+    public function createConnection(FtpConnectionOptions $options): Connection
     {
         $connection = $this->createConnectionResource(
             $options->host(),
@@ -37,10 +36,7 @@ public function createConnection(FtpConnectionOptions $options)
         return $connection;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @return resource
-     */
-    private function createConnectionResource(string $host, int $port, int $timeout, bool $ssl)
+    private function createConnectionResource(string $host, int $port, int $timeout, bool $ssl): Connection
     {
         error_clear_last();
         $connection = $ssl ? @ftp_ssl_connect($host, $port, $timeout) : @ftp_connect($host, $port, $timeout);
@@ -52,20 +48,14 @@ private function createConnectionResource(string $host, int $port, int $timeout,
         return $connection;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @param resource $connection
-     */
-    private function authenticate(FtpConnectionOptions $options, $connection): void
+    private function authenticate(FtpConnectionOptions $options, Connection $connection): void
     {
         if ( ! @ftp_login($connection, $options->username(), $options->password())) {
             throw new UnableToAuthenticate();
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @param resource $connection
-     */
-    private function enableUtf8Mode(FtpConnectionOptions $options, $connection): void
+    private function enableUtf8Mode(FtpConnectionOptions $options, Connection $connection): void
     {
         if ( ! $options->utf8()) {
             return;
@@ -80,10 +70,7 @@ private function enableUtf8Mode(FtpConnectionOptions $options, $connection): voi
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @param resource $connection
-     */
-    private function ignorePassiveAddress(FtpConnectionOptions $options, $connection): void
+    private function ignorePassiveAddress(FtpConnectionOptions $options, Connection $connection): void
     {
         $ignorePassiveAddress = $options->ignorePassiveAddress();
 
@@ -96,10 +83,7 @@ private function ignorePassiveAddress(FtpConnectionOptions $options, $connection
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @param resource $connection
-     */
-    private function makeConnectionPassive(FtpConnectionOptions $options, $connection): void
+    private function makeConnectionPassive(FtpConnectionOptions $options, Connection $connection): void
     {
         if ( ! @ftp_pasv($connection, $options->passive())) {
             throw new UnableToMakeConnectionPassive(
diff --git a/src/Ftp/NoopCommandConnectivityChecker.php b/src/Ftp/NoopCommandConnectivityChecker.php
index fe438223f..36e58bd96 100644
--- a/src/Ftp/NoopCommandConnectivityChecker.php
+++ b/src/Ftp/NoopCommandConnectivityChecker.php
@@ -4,17 +4,18 @@
 
 namespace League\Flysystem\Ftp;
 
+use FTP\Connection;
 use TypeError;
 use ValueError;
 
 class NoopCommandConnectivityChecker implements ConnectivityChecker
 {
-    public function isConnected($connection): bool
+    public function isConnected(Connection $connection): bool
     {
         // @codeCoverageIgnoreStart
         try {
             $response = @ftp_raw($connection, 'NOOP');
-        } catch (TypeError | ValueError $typeError) {
+        } catch (TypeError | ValueError) {
             return false;
         }
         // @codeCoverageIgnoreEnd
diff --git a/src/Ftp/RawListFtpConnectivityChecker.php b/src/Ftp/RawListFtpConnectivityChecker.php
index 2fdeeaa28..df137606a 100644
--- a/src/Ftp/RawListFtpConnectivityChecker.php
+++ b/src/Ftp/RawListFtpConnectivityChecker.php
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 namespace League\Flysystem\Ftp;
 
+use FTP\Connection;
 use ValueError;
 
 class RawListFtpConnectivityChecker implements ConnectivityChecker
@@ -11,11 +12,11 @@ class RawListFtpConnectivityChecker implements ConnectivityChecker
     /**
      * @inheritDoc
      */
-    public function isConnected($connection): bool
+    public function isConnected(Connection $connection): bool
     {
         try {
             return $connection !== false && @ftp_rawlist($connection, './') !== false;
-        } catch (ValueError $errror) {
+        } catch (ValueError) {
             return false;
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/Ftp/StubConnectionProvider.php b/src/Ftp/StubConnectionProvider.php
index f7c2ae075..8ba077cdd 100644
--- a/src/Ftp/StubConnectionProvider.php
+++ b/src/Ftp/StubConnectionProvider.php
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 namespace League\Flysystem\Ftp;
 
+use FTP\Connection;
+
 class StubConnectionProvider implements ConnectionProvider
 {
     public mixed $connection;
@@ -11,7 +13,7 @@ public function __construct(private ConnectionProvider $provider)
     {
     }
 
-    public function createConnection(FtpConnectionOptions $options)
+    public function createConnection(FtpConnectionOptions $options): Connection
     {
         return $this->connection = $this->provider->createConnection($options);
     }
diff --git a/src/Ftp/composer.json b/src/Ftp/composer.json
index ad18e8943..6b7a022ad 100644
--- a/src/Ftp/composer.json
+++ b/src/Ftp/composer.json
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
         }
     },
     "require": {
-        "php": "^8.0.2",
+        "php": "^8.1",
         "ext-ftp": "*",
         "league/flysystem": "^4.0.0",
         "league/mime-type-detection": "^1.0.0"
diff --git a/src/GoogleCloudStorage/GoogleCloudStorageAdapter.php b/src/GoogleCloudStorage/GoogleCloudStorageAdapter.php
index b180f72b5..3347a7c74 100644
--- a/src/GoogleCloudStorage/GoogleCloudStorageAdapter.php
+++ b/src/GoogleCloudStorage/GoogleCloudStorageAdapter.php
@@ -300,6 +300,17 @@ public function storageObjectToStorageAttributes(StorageObject $object): Storage
         return new FileAttributes($path, $fileSize, null, $lastModified, $mimeType, $info);
     }
 
+    public function metadata(string $path, Config $config): StorageAttributes
+    {
+        $prefixedPath = $this->prefixer->prefixPath($path);
+
+        try {
+            return  $this->storageObjectToStorageAttributes($this->bucket->object($prefixedPath));
+        } catch (Throwable $exception) {
+            throw UnableToRetrieveMetadata::metadata($path, $exception->getMessage(), $exception);
+        }
+    }
+
     public function listContents(string $path, bool $deep): iterable
     {
         $prefixedPath = $this->prefixer->prefixPath($path);
diff --git a/src/GoogleCloudStorage/GoogleCloudStorageAdapterTest.php b/src/GoogleCloudStorage/GoogleCloudStorageAdapterTest.php
index 483bf5486..4b8ffea0a 100644
--- a/src/GoogleCloudStorage/GoogleCloudStorageAdapterTest.php
+++ b/src/GoogleCloudStorage/GoogleCloudStorageAdapterTest.php
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class GoogleCloudStorageAdapterTest extends FilesystemAdapterTestCase
 
     public static function setUpBeforeClass(): void
     {
-        static::$adapterPrefix = 'frank-ci'; // . bin2hex(random_bytes(10));
+        static::$adapterPrefix = 'frank-ci/' . bin2hex(random_bytes(10));
         static::$prefixer = new PathPrefixer(static::$adapterPrefix);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/GoogleCloudStorage/composer.json b/src/GoogleCloudStorage/composer.json
index d79f87d6d..7379e1b12 100644
--- a/src/GoogleCloudStorage/composer.json
+++ b/src/GoogleCloudStorage/composer.json
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
         }
     },
     "require": {
-        "php": "^8.0.2",
+        "php": "^8.1",
         "google/cloud-storage": "^1.23",
         "league/flysystem": "^4.0.0",
         "league/mime-type-detection": "^1.0.0"
diff --git a/src/GridFS/GridFSAdapter.php b/src/GridFS/GridFSAdapter.php
index 83a103fac..382d45759 100644
--- a/src/GridFS/GridFSAdapter.php
+++ b/src/GridFS/GridFSAdapter.php
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 use League\Flysystem\FileAttributes;
 use League\Flysystem\FilesystemAdapter;
 use League\Flysystem\PathPrefixer;
+use League\Flysystem\StorageAttributes;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToCopyFile;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToCreateDirectory;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToDeleteDirectory;
@@ -277,6 +278,21 @@ public function lastModified(string $path): FileAttributes
         return $this->mapFileAttributes($file);
     }
 
+    public function metadata(string $path, Config $config): StorageAttributes
+    {
+        $file = $this->findFile($path);
+
+        if ($file !== null) {
+            return $this->mapFileAttributes($file);
+        }
+
+        if ($this->directoryExists($path)) {
+            return new DirectoryAttributes($path);
+        }
+
+        throw UnableToRetrieveMetadata::metadata($path, 'file does not exist');
+    }
+
     public function listContents(string $path, bool $deep): iterable
     {
         $path = $this->prefixer->prefixDirectoryPath($path);
diff --git a/src/GridFS/GridFSAdapterTest.php b/src/GridFS/GridFSAdapterTest.php
index cf5a97a0a..f595d6b5f 100644
--- a/src/GridFS/GridFSAdapterTest.php
+++ b/src/GridFS/GridFSAdapterTest.php
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 use MongoDB\Client;
 use MongoDB\Database;
 use function getenv;
+use function in_array;
 
 /**
  * @group gridfs
@@ -29,6 +30,15 @@ class GridFSAdapterTest extends TestCase
      */
     private static $adapterPrefix = 'test-prefix';
 
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        if (!in_array('mongodb', get_loaded_extensions())) {
+            $this->markTestSkipped('No MongoDB extension found.');
+        }
+
+        parent::setUp(); // TODO: Change the autogenerated stub
+    }
+
     public static function tearDownAfterClass(): void
     {
         self::getDatabase()->drop();
diff --git a/src/GridFS/composer.json b/src/GridFS/composer.json
index f07098866..a1fab6377 100644
--- a/src/GridFS/composer.json
+++ b/src/GridFS/composer.json
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
         }
     },
     "require": {
-        "php": "^8.0.2",
+        "php": "^8.1",
         "ext-mongodb": "^1.3",
         "league/flysystem": "^3.10.0",
         "mongodb/mongodb": "^1.2"
diff --git a/src/InMemory/InMemoryFilesystemAdapter.php b/src/InMemory/InMemoryFilesystemAdapter.php
index fb5469eba..9ae01dee7 100644
--- a/src/InMemory/InMemoryFilesystemAdapter.php
+++ b/src/InMemory/InMemoryFilesystemAdapter.php
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 use League\Flysystem\DirectoryAttributes;
 use League\Flysystem\FileAttributes;
 use League\Flysystem\FilesystemAdapter;
+use League\Flysystem\StorageAttributes;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToCopyFile;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToMoveFile;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToReadFile;
@@ -17,8 +18,11 @@
 use League\MimeTypeDetection\FinfoMimeTypeDetector;
 use League\MimeTypeDetection\MimeTypeDetector;
 
+use function array_key_exists;
 use function array_keys;
+use function ltrim;
 use function rtrim;
+use function trim;
 
 class InMemoryFilesystemAdapter implements FilesystemAdapter
 {
@@ -177,6 +181,28 @@ public function fileSize(string $path): FileAttributes
         return new FileAttributes($path, $this->files[$path]->fileSize());
     }
 
+    public function metadata(string $path, Config $config): StorageAttributes
+    {
+        $location = $this->preparePath($path);
+
+        if (array_key_exists($location, $this->files)) {
+            $file = $this->files[$location];
+
+            return new FileAttributes(ltrim($location, '/'), $file->fileSize(), $file->visibility(), $file->lastModified(), $file->mimeType());
+        }
+
+        $dirPath = rtrim($location, '/') . '/';
+        $paths = array_keys($this->files);
+
+        foreach ($paths as $storedPath) {
+            if (str_starts_with($storedPath, $location)) {
+                return new DirectoryAttributes(trim($dirPath, '/'));
+            }
+        }
+
+        throw UnableToRetrieveMetadata::metadata($path, 'file does not exist');
+    }
+
     public function listContents(string $path, bool $deep): iterable
     {
         $prefix = rtrim($this->preparePath($path), '/') . '/';
diff --git a/src/InMemory/composer.json b/src/InMemory/composer.json
index 828e01ba9..5eb0c61e3 100644
--- a/src/InMemory/composer.json
+++ b/src/InMemory/composer.json
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
         }
     },
     "require": {
-        "php": "^8.0.2",
+        "php": "^8.1",
         "ext-fileinfo": "*",
         "league/flysystem": "^4.0.0"
     },
diff --git a/src/Local/LocalFilesystemAdapter.php b/src/Local/LocalFilesystemAdapter.php
index 5aed4ec3e..8d786dd03 100644
--- a/src/Local/LocalFilesystemAdapter.php
+++ b/src/Local/LocalFilesystemAdapter.php
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 use function sprintf;
 use function str_replace;
 use function substr;
+use function var_dump;
 use const DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
 use const LOCK_EX;
 use DirectoryIterator;
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ private function writeToFile(string $path, $contents, Config $config): void
         }
     }
 
-    public function metadata(string $path): StorageAttributes
+    public function metadata(string $path, Config $config): StorageAttributes
     {
         $location = $this->prefixer->prefixPath($path);
 
@@ -224,7 +225,11 @@ public function listContents(string $path, bool $deep): iterable
 
         foreach ($iterator as $fileInfo) {
             try {
-                yield $this->mapFileInfo($fileInfo);
+                $item = $this->mapFileInfo($fileInfo);
+
+                if ($item !== false) {
+                    yield $item;
+                }
             } catch (Throwable $exception) {
                 if (file_exists($fileInfo->getFilename())) {
                     throw $exception;
@@ -235,6 +240,7 @@ public function listContents(string $path, bool $deep): iterable
 
     private function mapFileInfo(SplFileInfo $fileInfo): StorageAttributes | false {
         $pathName = $fileInfo->getPathname();
+        var_dump($fileInfo->isLink(), $this->linkHandling & self::SKIP_LINKS);
 
         if ($fileInfo->isLink()) {
             if ($this->linkHandling & self::SKIP_LINKS) {
diff --git a/src/Local/LocalFilesystemAdapterTest.php b/src/Local/LocalFilesystemAdapterTest.php
index 1893a9801..beb125947 100644
--- a/src/Local/LocalFilesystemAdapterTest.php
+++ b/src/Local/LocalFilesystemAdapterTest.php
@@ -111,21 +111,6 @@ public function writing_a_file(): void
         $this->assertEquals('contents', $contents);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function listing_metadata_for_a_file(): void
-    {
-        $now = \time();
-        $this->givenWeHaveAnExistingFile('something.csv', '');
-
-        $metadata = $this->adapter()->metadata('something.csv');
-
-        $this->assertGreaterThanOrEqual($now, $metadata->lastModified());
-        $this->assertFalse($metadata->isDir());
-        $this->assertTrue($metadata->isFile());
-    }
-
     /**
      * @test
      */
diff --git a/src/Local/composer.json b/src/Local/composer.json
index b59f6a914..9193b06fc 100644
--- a/src/Local/composer.json
+++ b/src/Local/composer.json
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
         }
     },
     "require": {
-        "php": "^8.0.2",
+        "php": "^8.1",
         "ext-fileinfo": "*",
         "league/flysystem": "^4.0.0",
         "league/mime-type-detection": "^1.0.0"
diff --git a/src/MountManager.php b/src/MountManager.php
index acab4a80a..05ba3020d 100644
--- a/src/MountManager.php
+++ b/src/MountManager.php
@@ -287,10 +287,6 @@ public function publicUrl(string $path, array $config = []): string
         /** @var FilesystemOperator $filesystem */
         [$filesystem, $path] = $this->determineFilesystemAndPath($path);
 
-        if ( ! method_exists($filesystem, 'publicUrl')) {
-            throw new UnableToGeneratePublicUrl(sprintf('%s does not support generating public urls.', $filesystem::class), $path);
-        }
-
         return $filesystem->publicUrl($path, $config);
     }
 
@@ -299,10 +295,6 @@ public function temporaryUrl(string $path, DateTimeInterface $expiresAt, array $
         /** @var FilesystemOperator $filesystem */
         [$filesystem, $path] = $this->determineFilesystemAndPath($path);
 
-        if ( ! method_exists($filesystem, 'temporaryUrl')) {
-            throw new UnableToGenerateTemporaryUrl(sprintf('%s does not support generating public urls.', $filesystem::class), $path);
-        }
-
         return $filesystem->temporaryUrl($path, $expiresAt, $this->config->extend($config)->toArray());
     }
 
@@ -311,13 +303,17 @@ public function checksum(string $path, array $config = []): string
         /** @var FilesystemOperator $filesystem */
         [$filesystem, $path] = $this->determineFilesystemAndPath($path);
 
-        if ( ! method_exists($filesystem, 'checksum')) {
-            throw new UnableToProvideChecksum(sprintf('%s does not support providing checksums.', $filesystem::class), $path);
-        }
-
         return $filesystem->checksum($path, $this->config->extend($config)->toArray());
     }
 
+    public function metadata(string $path, array $config = []): StorageAttributes
+    {
+        /** @var FilesystemOperator $filesystem */
+        [$filesystem, $path] = $this->determineFilesystemAndPath($path);
+
+        return $filesystem->metadata($path, $this->config->extend($config)->toArray());
+    }
+
     private function mountFilesystems(array $filesystems): void
     {
         foreach ($filesystems as $key => $filesystem) {
diff --git a/src/PathPrefixing/PathPrefixedAdapter.php b/src/PathPrefixing/PathPrefixedAdapter.php
index 7409ea0e8..fbba50cd7 100644
--- a/src/PathPrefixing/PathPrefixedAdapter.php
+++ b/src/PathPrefixing/PathPrefixedAdapter.php
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 use League\Flysystem\FileAttributes;
 use League\Flysystem\FilesystemAdapter;
 use League\Flysystem\PathPrefixer;
+use League\Flysystem\StorageAttributes;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToCheckDirectoryExistence;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToCheckFileExistence;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToCopyFile;
@@ -67,6 +68,13 @@ public function listContents(string $location, bool $deep): Generator
         }
     }
 
+    public function metadata(string $path, Config $config): StorageAttributes
+    {
+        $attributes = $this->adapter->metadata($this->prefix->prefixPath($path), $config);
+
+        return $attributes->withPath($this->prefix->stripPrefix($attributes->path()));
+    }
+
     public function fileExists(string $location): bool
     {
         try {
diff --git a/src/PathPrefixing/composer.json b/src/PathPrefixing/composer.json
index 9ef71d415..b80f2584a 100644
--- a/src/PathPrefixing/composer.json
+++ b/src/PathPrefixing/composer.json
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
         }
     },
     "require": {
-        "php": "^8.0.2",
+        "php": "^8.1",
         "league/flysystem": "^4.0.0"
     },
     "license": "MIT",
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV2/.gitattributes b/src/PhpseclibV2/.gitattributes
deleted file mode 100644
index 9e1465fb3..000000000
--- a/src/PhpseclibV2/.gitattributes
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-* text=auto
-
-.github export-ignore
-.gitattributes export-ignore
-.gitignore export-ignore
-**/*Test.php export-ignore
-**/*Stub.php export-ignore
-README.md export-ignore
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV2/.github/workflows/close-subsplit-prs.yaml b/src/PhpseclibV2/.github/workflows/close-subsplit-prs.yaml
deleted file mode 100644
index 99b1e91a5..000000000
--- a/src/PhpseclibV2/.github/workflows/close-subsplit-prs.yaml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Close sub-split PRs
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - 2.x
-      - 3.x
-  pull_request:
-    branches:
-      - 2.x
-      - 3.x
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '30 7 * * *'
-
-jobs:
-  close_subsplit_prs:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    name: Close sub-split PRs
-    steps:
-      - uses: frankdejonge/action-close-subsplit-pr@0.1.0
-        with:
-          close_pr: 'yes'
-          target_branch_match: '^(?!master).+$'
-          message: |
-            Hi :wave:,
-            
-            Thank you for contributing to Flysystem. Unfortunately, you've sent a PR to a read-only sub-split repository. 
-
-            All pull requests should be directed towards: https://github.com/thephpleague/flysystem
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV2/ConnectionProvider.php b/src/PhpseclibV2/ConnectionProvider.php
deleted file mode 100644
index c9a3c942e..000000000
--- a/src/PhpseclibV2/ConnectionProvider.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2;
-
-use phpseclib\Net\SFTP;
-
-/**
- * @deprecated The "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2\ConnectionProvider" class is deprecated since Flysystem 3.0, use "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV3\ConnectionProvider" instead.
- */
-interface ConnectionProvider
-{
-    public function provideConnection(): SFTP;
-}
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV2/ConnectivityChecker.php b/src/PhpseclibV2/ConnectivityChecker.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 523f41710..000000000
--- a/src/PhpseclibV2/ConnectivityChecker.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2;
-
-use phpseclib\Net\SFTP;
-
-/**
- * @deprecated The "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2\ConnectivityChecker" class is deprecated since Flysystem 3.0, use "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV3\ConnectivityChecker" instead.
- */
-interface ConnectivityChecker
-{
-    public function isConnected(SFTP $connection): bool;
-}
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV2/FixatedConnectivityChecker.php b/src/PhpseclibV2/FixatedConnectivityChecker.php
deleted file mode 100644
index d74fc7c3c..000000000
--- a/src/PhpseclibV2/FixatedConnectivityChecker.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2;
-
-use phpseclib\Net\SFTP;
-
-/**
- * @deprecated The "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2\FixatedConnectivityChecker" class is deprecated since Flysystem 3.0, use "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV3\FixatedConnectivityChecker" instead.
- */
-class FixatedConnectivityChecker implements ConnectivityChecker
-{
-    /**
-     * @var int
-     */
-    private $succeedAfter;
-
-    /**
-     * @var int
-     */
-    private $numberOfTimesChecked = 0;
-
-    public function __construct(int $succeedAfter = 0)
-    {
-        $this->succeedAfter = $succeedAfter;
-    }
-
-    public function isConnected(SFTP $connection): bool
-    {
-        if ($this->numberOfTimesChecked >= $this->succeedAfter) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        $this->numberOfTimesChecked++;
-
-        return false;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV2/README.md b/src/PhpseclibV2/README.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 4c7c09118..000000000
--- a/src/PhpseclibV2/README.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-# CAUTION: This package is deprecated since Flysystem 3.0 Instead, use the [Flysystem for SFTP v3](https://github.com/thephpleague/flysystem-sftp-v3)
-
-## Sub-split of Flysystem for SFTP using phpseclib2.
-
-> ⚠️ this is a sub-split, for pull requests and issues, visit: https://github.com/thephpleague/flysystem
-
-```bash
-composer require league/flysystem-sftp
-```
-
-View the [documentation](https://flysystem.thephpleague.com/docs/adapter/sftp/).
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV2/SftpAdapter.php b/src/PhpseclibV2/SftpAdapter.php
deleted file mode 100644
index f2e5d6b1f..000000000
--- a/src/PhpseclibV2/SftpAdapter.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,359 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2;
-
-use League\Flysystem\Config;
-use League\Flysystem\DirectoryAttributes;
-use League\Flysystem\FileAttributes;
-use League\Flysystem\FilesystemAdapter;
-use League\Flysystem\FilesystemException;
-use League\Flysystem\PathPrefixer;
-use League\Flysystem\StorageAttributes;
-use League\Flysystem\UnableToCheckDirectoryExistence;
-use League\Flysystem\UnableToCheckFileExistence;
-use League\Flysystem\UnableToCopyFile;
-use League\Flysystem\UnableToCreateDirectory;
-use League\Flysystem\UnableToMoveFile;
-use League\Flysystem\UnableToReadFile;
-use League\Flysystem\UnableToRetrieveMetadata;
-use League\Flysystem\UnableToSetVisibility;
-use League\Flysystem\UnableToWriteFile;
-use League\Flysystem\UnixVisibility\PortableVisibilityConverter;
-use League\Flysystem\UnixVisibility\VisibilityConverter;
-use League\MimeTypeDetection\FinfoMimeTypeDetector;
-use League\MimeTypeDetection\MimeTypeDetector;
-use phpseclib\Net\SFTP;
-use Throwable;
-
-use function rtrim;
-
-/**
- * @deprecated The "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2\SftpAdapter" class is deprecated since Flysystem 3.0, use "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV3\SftpAdapter" instead.
- */
-class SftpAdapter implements FilesystemAdapter
-{
-    /**
-     * @var ConnectionProvider
-     */
-    private $connectionProvider;
-
-    /**
-     * @var VisibilityConverter
-     */
-    private $visibilityConverter;
-
-    /**
-     * @var PathPrefixer
-     */
-    private $prefixer;
-
-    /**
-     * @var MimeTypeDetector
-     */
-    private $mimeTypeDetector;
-
-    public function __construct(
-        ConnectionProvider $connectionProvider,
-        string $root,
-        ?VisibilityConverter $visibilityConverter = null,
-        ?MimeTypeDetector $mimeTypeDetector = null,
-        private bool $detectMimeTypeUsingPath = false,
-    ) {
-        $this->connectionProvider = $connectionProvider;
-        $this->prefixer = new PathPrefixer($root);
-        $this->visibilityConverter = $visibilityConverter ?? new PortableVisibilityConverter();
-        $this->mimeTypeDetector = $mimeTypeDetector ?? new FinfoMimeTypeDetector();
-    }
-
-    public function fileExists(string $path): bool
-    {
-        $location = $this->prefixer->prefixPath($path);
-
-        try {
-            return $this->connectionProvider->provideConnection()->is_file($location);
-        } catch (Throwable $exception) {
-            throw UnableToCheckFileExistence::forLocation($path, $exception);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public function directoryExists(string $path): bool
-    {
-        $location = $this->prefixer->prefixDirectoryPath($path);
-
-        try {
-            return $this->connectionProvider->provideConnection()->is_dir($location);
-        } catch (Throwable $exception) {
-            throw UnableToCheckDirectoryExistence::forLocation($path, $exception);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @param string          $path
-     * @param string|resource $contents
-     * @param Config          $config
-     *
-     * @throws FilesystemException
-     */
-    private function upload(string $path, $contents, Config $config): void
-    {
-        $this->ensureParentDirectoryExists($path, $config);
-        $connection = $this->connectionProvider->provideConnection();
-        $location = $this->prefixer->prefixPath($path);
-
-        if ( ! $connection->put($location, $contents, SFTP::SOURCE_STRING)) {
-            throw UnableToWriteFile::atLocation($path, 'not able to write the file');
-        }
-
-        if ($visibility = $config->get(Config::OPTION_VISIBILITY)) {
-            $this->setVisibility($path, $visibility);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private function ensureParentDirectoryExists(string $path, Config $config): void
-    {
-        $parentDirectory = dirname($path);
-
-        if ($parentDirectory === '' || $parentDirectory === '.') {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        /** @var string $visibility */
-        $visibility = $config->get(Config::OPTION_DIRECTORY_VISIBILITY);
-        $this->makeDirectory($parentDirectory, $visibility);
-    }
-
-    private function makeDirectory(string $directory, ?string $visibility): void
-    {
-        $location = $this->prefixer->prefixPath($directory);
-        $connection = $this->connectionProvider->provideConnection();
-
-        if ($connection->is_dir($location)) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        $mode = $visibility ? $this->visibilityConverter->forDirectory(
-            $visibility
-        ) : $this->visibilityConverter->defaultForDirectories();
-
-        if ( ! $connection->mkdir($location, $mode, true) && ! $connection->is_dir($location)) {
-            throw UnableToCreateDirectory::atLocation($directory);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public function write(string $path, string $contents, Config $config): void
-    {
-        try {
-            $this->upload($path, $contents, $config);
-        } catch (UnableToWriteFile $exception) {
-            throw $exception;
-        } catch (Throwable $exception) {
-            throw UnableToWriteFile::atLocation($path, $exception->getMessage(), $exception);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public function writeStream(string $path, $contents, Config $config): void
-    {
-        try {
-            $this->upload($path, $contents, $config);
-        } catch (UnableToWriteFile $exception) {
-            throw $exception;
-        } catch (Throwable $exception) {
-            throw UnableToWriteFile::atLocation($path, $exception->getMessage(), $exception);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public function read(string $path): string
-    {
-        $location = $this->prefixer->prefixPath($path);
-        $connection = $this->connectionProvider->provideConnection();
-        $contents = $connection->get($location);
-
-        if ( ! is_string($contents)) {
-            throw UnableToReadFile::fromLocation($path);
-        }
-
-        return $contents;
-    }
-
-    public function readStream(string $path)
-    {
-        $location = $this->prefixer->prefixPath($path);
-        $connection = $this->connectionProvider->provideConnection();
-        /** @var resource $readStream */
-        $readStream = fopen('php://temp', 'w+');
-
-        if ( ! $connection->get($location, $readStream)) {
-            fclose($readStream);
-            throw UnableToReadFile::fromLocation($path);
-        }
-
-        rewind($readStream);
-
-        return $readStream;
-    }
-
-    public function delete(string $path): void
-    {
-        $location = $this->prefixer->prefixPath($path);
-        $connection = $this->connectionProvider->provideConnection();
-        $connection->delete($location);
-    }
-
-    public function deleteDirectory(string $path): void
-    {
-        $location = rtrim($this->prefixer->prefixPath($path), '/') . '/';
-        $connection = $this->connectionProvider->provideConnection();
-        $connection->delete($location);
-        $connection->rmdir($location);
-    }
-
-    public function createDirectory(string $path, Config $config): void
-    {
-        $this->makeDirectory($path, $config->get(Config::OPTION_DIRECTORY_VISIBILITY, $config->get(Config::OPTION_VISIBILITY)));
-    }
-
-    public function setVisibility(string $path, string $visibility): void
-    {
-        $location = $this->prefixer->prefixPath($path);
-        $connection = $this->connectionProvider->provideConnection();
-        $mode = $this->visibilityConverter->forFile($visibility);
-
-        if ( ! $connection->chmod($mode, $location, false)) {
-            throw UnableToSetVisibility::atLocation($path);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private function fetchFileMetadata(string $path, string $type): FileAttributes
-    {
-        $location = $this->prefixer->prefixPath($path);
-        $connection = $this->connectionProvider->provideConnection();
-        $stat = $connection->stat($location);
-
-        if ( ! is_array($stat)) {
-            throw UnableToRetrieveMetadata::create($path, $type);
-        }
-
-        $attributes = $this->convertListingToAttributes($path, $stat);
-
-        if ( ! $attributes instanceof FileAttributes) {
-            throw UnableToRetrieveMetadata::create($path, $type, 'path is not a file');
-        }
-
-        return $attributes;
-    }
-
-    public function mimeType(string $path): FileAttributes
-    {
-        try {
-            $mimetype = $this->detectMimeTypeUsingPath
-                ? $this->mimeTypeDetector->detectMimeTypeFromPath($path)
-                : $this->mimeTypeDetector->detectMimeType($path, $this->read($path));
-        } catch (Throwable $exception) {
-            throw UnableToRetrieveMetadata::mimeType($path, $exception->getMessage(), $exception);
-        }
-
-        if ($mimetype === null) {
-            throw UnableToRetrieveMetadata::mimeType($path, 'Unknown.');
-        }
-
-        return new FileAttributes($path, null, null, null, $mimetype);
-    }
-
-    public function lastModified(string $path): FileAttributes
-    {
-        return $this->fetchFileMetadata($path, FileAttributes::ATTRIBUTE_LAST_MODIFIED);
-    }
-
-    public function fileSize(string $path): FileAttributes
-    {
-        return $this->fetchFileMetadata($path, FileAttributes::ATTRIBUTE_FILE_SIZE);
-    }
-
-    public function visibility(string $path): FileAttributes
-    {
-        return $this->fetchFileMetadata($path, FileAttributes::ATTRIBUTE_VISIBILITY);
-    }
-
-    public function listContents(string $path, bool $deep): iterable
-    {
-        $connection = $this->connectionProvider->provideConnection();
-        $location = $this->prefixer->prefixPath(rtrim($path, '/')) . '/';
-        $listing = $connection->rawlist($location, false);
-
-        if ($listing === false) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        foreach ($listing as $filename => $attributes) {
-            if ($filename === '.' || $filename === '..') {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            // Ensure numeric keys are strings.
-            $filename = (string) $filename;
-            $path = $this->prefixer->stripPrefix($location . ltrim($filename, '/'));
-            $attributes = $this->convertListingToAttributes($path, $attributes);
-            yield $attributes;
-
-            if ($deep && $attributes->isDir()) {
-                foreach ($this->listContents($attributes->path(), true) as $child) {
-                    yield $child;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private function convertListingToAttributes(string $path, array $attributes): StorageAttributes
-    {
-        $permissions = $attributes['permissions'] & 0777;
-        $lastModified = $attributes['mtime'] ?? null;
-
-        if (($attributes['type'] ?? null) === NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY) {
-            return new DirectoryAttributes(
-                ltrim($path, '/'),
-                $this->visibilityConverter->inverseForDirectory($permissions),
-                $lastModified
-            );
-        }
-
-        return new FileAttributes(
-            $path,
-            $attributes['size'],
-            $this->visibilityConverter->inverseForFile($permissions),
-            $lastModified
-        );
-    }
-
-    public function move(string $source, string $destination, Config $config): void
-    {
-        $sourceLocation = $this->prefixer->prefixPath($source);
-        $destinationLocation = $this->prefixer->prefixPath($destination);
-        $connection = $this->connectionProvider->provideConnection();
-
-        try {
-            $this->ensureParentDirectoryExists($destination, $config);
-        } catch (Throwable $exception) {
-            throw UnableToMoveFile::fromLocationTo($source, $destination, $exception);
-        }
-
-        if ( ! $connection->rename($sourceLocation, $destinationLocation)) {
-            throw UnableToMoveFile::fromLocationTo($source, $destination);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public function copy(string $source, string $destination, Config $config): void
-    {
-        try {
-            $readStream = $this->readStream($source);
-            $visibility = $this->visibility($source)->visibility();
-            $this->writeStream($destination, $readStream, new Config(compact(Config::OPTION_VISIBILITY)));
-        } catch (Throwable $exception) {
-            if (isset($readStream) && is_resource($readStream)) {
-                @fclose($readStream);
-            }
-            throw UnableToCopyFile::fromLocationTo($source, $destination, $exception);
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV2/SftpAdapterTest.php b/src/PhpseclibV2/SftpAdapterTest.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 862a9e8b7..000000000
--- a/src/PhpseclibV2/SftpAdapterTest.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,235 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2;
-
-use League\Flysystem\AdapterTestUtilities\FilesystemAdapterTestCase;
-use League\Flysystem\Config;
-use League\Flysystem\FilesystemAdapter;
-use League\Flysystem\UnableToCopyFile;
-use League\Flysystem\UnableToCreateDirectory;
-use League\Flysystem\UnableToMoveFile;
-use League\Flysystem\UnableToReadFile;
-use League\Flysystem\UnableToWriteFile;
-
-use function class_exists;
-
-/**
- * @group sftp
- * @group legacy
- */
-class SftpAdapterTest extends FilesystemAdapterTestCase
-{
-    /**
-     * @var ConnectionProvider
-     */
-    private static $connectionProvider;
-
-    /**
-     * @var SftpStub
-     */
-    private $connection;
-
-    public static function setUpBeforeClass(): void
-    {
-        if ( ! class_exists('phpseclib\Net\SFTP')) {
-            self::markTestSkipped("PHPSecLib V2 is not installed");
-        }
-    }
-
-    protected static function createFilesystemAdapter(): FilesystemAdapter
-    {
-        return new SftpAdapter(
-            static::connectionProvider(),
-            '/upload'
-        );
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @before
-     */
-    public function setupConnectionProvider(): void
-    {
-        /** @var SftpStub $connection */
-        $connection = static::connectionProvider()->provideConnection();
-        $this->connection = $connection;
-        $this->connection->reset();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function failing_to_create_a_directory(): void
-    {
-        $adapter = $this->adapterWithInvalidRoot();
-
-        $this->expectException(UnableToCreateDirectory::class);
-
-        $adapter->createDirectory('not-gonna-happen', new Config());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function failing_to_write_a_file(): void
-    {
-        $adapter = $this->adapterWithInvalidRoot();
-
-        $this->expectException(UnableToWriteFile::class);
-
-        $adapter->write('not-gonna-happen', 'na-ah', new Config());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function failing_to_read_a_file(): void
-    {
-        $adapter = $this->adapterWithInvalidRoot();
-
-        $this->expectException(UnableToReadFile::class);
-
-        $adapter->read('not-gonna-happen');
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function failing_to_read_a_file_as_a_stream(): void
-    {
-        $adapter = $this->adapterWithInvalidRoot();
-
-        $this->expectException(UnableToReadFile::class);
-
-        $adapter->readStream('not-gonna-happen');
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function failing_to_write_a_file_using_streams(): void
-    {
-        $adapter = $this->adapterWithInvalidRoot();
-        $writeHandle = stream_with_contents('contents');
-
-        $this->expectException(UnableToWriteFile::class);
-
-        try {
-            $adapter->writeStream('not-gonna-happen', $writeHandle, new Config());
-        } finally {
-            fclose($writeHandle);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function detecting_mimetype(): void
-    {
-        $adapter = $this->adapter();
-        $adapter->write('file.svg', (string) file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../AdapterTestUtilities/test_files/flysystem.svg'), new Config());
-
-        $mimeType = $adapter->mimeType('file.svg');
-
-        $this->assertStringStartsWith('image/svg+xml', $mimeType->mimeType());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function failing_to_chmod_when_writing(): void
-    {
-        $this->connection->failOnChmod('/upload/path.txt');
-        $adapter = $this->adapter();
-
-        $this->expectException(UnableToWriteFile::class);
-
-        $adapter->write('path.txt', 'contents', new Config(['visibility' => 'public']));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function failing_to_move_a_file_cause_the_parent_directory_cant_be_created(): void
-    {
-        $adapter = $this->adapterWithInvalidRoot();
-
-        $this->expectException(UnableToMoveFile::class);
-
-        $adapter->move('path.txt', 'new-path.txt', new Config());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function failing_to_copy_a_file(): void
-    {
-        $adapter = $this->adapterWithInvalidRoot();
-
-        $this->expectException(UnableToCopyFile::class);
-
-        $adapter->copy('path.txt', 'new-path.txt', new Config());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function failing_to_copy_a_file_because_writing_fails(): void
-    {
-        $this->givenWeHaveAnExistingFile('path.txt', 'contents');
-        $adapter = $this->adapter();
-        $this->connection->failOnPut('/upload/new-path.txt');
-
-        $this->expectException(UnableToCopyFile::class);
-
-        $adapter->copy('path.txt', 'new-path.txt', new Config());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function failing_to_chmod_when_writing_with_a_stream(): void
-    {
-        $writeStream = stream_with_contents('contents');
-        $this->connection->failOnChmod('/upload/path.txt');
-        $adapter = $this->adapter();
-
-        $this->expectException(UnableToWriteFile::class);
-
-        try {
-            $adapter->writeStream('path.txt', $writeStream, new Config(['visibility' => 'public']));
-        } finally {
-            @fclose($writeStream);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function list_contents_directory_does_not_exist(): void
-    {
-        $contents = $this->adapter()->listContents('/does_not_exist', false);
-        $this->assertCount(0, iterator_to_array($contents));
-    }
-
-    private static function connectionProvider(): ConnectionProvider
-    {
-        if ( ! static::$connectionProvider instanceof ConnectionProvider) {
-            static::$connectionProvider = new StubSftpConnectionProvider('localhost', 'foo', 'pass', 2222);
-        }
-
-        return static::$connectionProvider;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @return SftpAdapter
-     */
-    private function adapterWithInvalidRoot(): SftpAdapter
-    {
-        $provider = static::connectionProvider();
-        $adapter = new SftpAdapter($provider, '/invalid');
-
-        return $adapter;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV2/SftpConnectionProvider.php b/src/PhpseclibV2/SftpConnectionProvider.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 3d7df000d..000000000
--- a/src/PhpseclibV2/SftpConnectionProvider.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,240 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2;
-
-use phpseclib\Crypt\RSA;
-use phpseclib\Net\SFTP;
-use phpseclib\System\SSH\Agent;
-use Throwable;
-
-/**
- * @deprecated The "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2\SftpConnectionProvider" class is deprecated since Flysystem 3.0, use "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV3\SftpConnectionProvider" instead.
- */
-class SftpConnectionProvider implements ConnectionProvider
-{
-    /**
-     * @var string
-     */
-    private $host;
-
-    /**
-     * @var string
-     */
-    private $username;
-
-    /**
-     * @var string|null
-     */
-    private $password;
-
-    /**
-     * @var bool
-     */
-    private $useAgent;
-
-    /**
-     * @var int
-     */
-    private $port;
-
-    /**
-     * @var int
-     */
-    private $timeout;
-
-    /**
-     * @var SFTP|null
-     */
-    private $connection;
-
-    /**
-     * @var ConnectivityChecker
-     */
-    private $connectivityChecker;
-
-    /**
-     * @var string|null
-     */
-    private $hostFingerprint;
-
-    /**
-     * @var string|null
-     */
-    private $privateKey;
-
-    /**
-     * @var string|null
-     */
-    private $passphrase;
-
-    /**
-     * @var int
-     */
-    private $maxTries;
-
-    public function __construct(
-        string $host,
-        string $username,
-        ?string $password = null,
-        ?string $privateKey = null,
-        ?string $passphrase = null,
-        int $port = 22,
-        bool $useAgent = false,
-        int $timeout = 10,
-        int $maxTries = 4,
-        ?string $hostFingerprint = null,
-        ?ConnectivityChecker $connectivityChecker = null,
-        private bool $disableStatCache = true,
-    ) {
-        $this->host = $host;
-        $this->username = $username;
-        $this->password = $password;
-        $this->privateKey = $privateKey;
-        $this->passphrase = $passphrase;
-        $this->useAgent = $useAgent;
-        $this->port = $port;
-        $this->timeout = $timeout;
-        $this->hostFingerprint = $hostFingerprint;
-        $this->connectivityChecker = $connectivityChecker ?? new SimpleConnectivityChecker();
-        $this->maxTries = $maxTries;
-    }
-
-    public function provideConnection(): SFTP
-    {
-        $tries = 0;
-        start:
-
-        $connection = $this->connection instanceof SFTP
-            ? $this->connection
-            : $this->setupConnection();
-
-        if ( ! $this->connectivityChecker->isConnected($connection)) {
-            $connection->disconnect();
-            $this->connection = null;
-
-            if ($tries < $this->maxTries) {
-                $tries++;
-                goto start;
-            }
-
-            throw UnableToConnectToSftpHost::atHostname($this->host);
-        }
-
-        return $this->connection = $connection;
-    }
-
-    private function setupConnection(): SFTP
-    {
-        $connection = new SFTP($this->host, $this->port, $this->timeout);
-        $this->disableStatCache && $connection->disableStatCache();
-
-        try {
-            $this->checkFingerprint($connection);
-            $this->authenticate($connection);
-        } catch (Throwable $exception) {
-            $connection->disconnect();
-            throw $exception;
-        }
-
-        return $connection;
-    }
-
-    private function checkFingerprint(SFTP $connection): void
-    {
-        if ( ! $this->hostFingerprint) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        $publicKey = $connection->getServerPublicHostKey();
-
-        if ($publicKey === false) {
-            throw UnableToEstablishAuthenticityOfHost::becauseTheAuthenticityCantBeEstablished($this->host);
-        }
-
-        $fingerprint = $this->getFingerprintFromPublicKey($publicKey);
-
-        if (0 !== strcasecmp($this->hostFingerprint, $fingerprint)) {
-            throw UnableToEstablishAuthenticityOfHost::becauseTheAuthenticityCantBeEstablished($this->host);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private function getFingerprintFromPublicKey(string $publicKey): string
-    {
-        $content = explode(' ', $publicKey, 3);
-
-        return implode(':', str_split(md5(base64_decode($content[1])), 2));
-    }
-
-    private function authenticate(SFTP $connection): void
-    {
-        if ($this->privateKey !== null) {
-            $this->authenticateWithPrivateKey($connection);
-        } elseif ($this->useAgent) {
-            $this->authenticateWithAgent($connection);
-        } elseif ( ! $connection->login($this->username, $this->password)) {
-            throw UnableToAuthenticate::withPassword();
-        }
-    }
-
-    public static function fromArray(array $options): SftpConnectionProvider
-    {
-        return new SftpConnectionProvider(
-            $options['host'],
-            $options['username'],
-            $options['password'] ?? null,
-            $options['privateKey'] ?? null,
-            $options['passphrase'] ?? null,
-            $options['port'] ?? 22,
-            $options['useAgent'] ?? false,
-            $options['timeout'] ?? 10,
-            $options['maxTries'] ?? 4,
-            $options['hostFingerprint'] ?? null,
-            $options['connectivityChecker'] ?? null
-        );
-    }
-
-    private function authenticateWithPrivateKey(SFTP $connection): void
-    {
-        $privateKey = $this->loadPrivateKey();
-
-        if ($connection->login($this->username, $privateKey)) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if ($this->password !== null && $connection->login($this->username, $this->password)) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        throw UnableToAuthenticate::withPrivateKey();
-    }
-
-    private function loadPrivateKey(): RSA
-    {
-        if ("---" !== substr($this->privateKey, 0, 3) && is_file($this->privateKey)) {
-            $this->privateKey = file_get_contents($this->privateKey);
-        }
-
-        $key = new RSA();
-
-        if ($this->passphrase !== null) {
-            $key->setPassword($this->passphrase);
-        }
-
-        if ( ! $key->loadKey($this->privateKey)) {
-            throw new UnableToLoadPrivateKey();
-        }
-
-        return $key;
-    }
-
-    private function authenticateWithAgent(SFTP $connection): void
-    {
-        $agent = new Agent();
-
-        if ( ! $connection->login($this->username, $agent)) {
-            throw UnableToAuthenticate::withSshAgent();
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV2/SftpConnectionProviderTest.php b/src/PhpseclibV2/SftpConnectionProviderTest.php
deleted file mode 100644
index eb71442ee..000000000
--- a/src/PhpseclibV2/SftpConnectionProviderTest.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,247 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2;
-
-use phpseclib\Net\SFTP;
-use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
-
-use function class_exists;
-
-/**
- * @group sftp
- * @group sftp-connection
- * @group legacy
- */
-class SftpConnectionProviderTest extends TestCase
-{
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        if ( ! class_exists('phpseclib\Net\SFTP')) {
-            self::markTestSkipped("PHPSecLib V2 is not installed");
-        }
-
-        parent::setUp();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function giving_up_after_5_connection_failures(): void
-    {
-        $this->expectException(UnableToConnectToSftpHost::class);
-
-        $provider = SftpConnectionProvider::fromArray(
-            [
-                'host' => 'localhost',
-                'username' => 'foo',
-                'password' => 'pass',
-                'port' => 2222,
-                'timeout' => 10,
-                'connectivityChecker' => new FixatedConnectivityChecker(5)
-            ]
-        );
-
-        $provider->provideConnection();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function trying_until_5_tries(): void
-    {
-        $provider = SftpConnectionProvider::fromArray([
-            'host' => 'localhost',
-            'username' => 'foo',
-            'password' => 'pass',
-            'port' => 2222,
-            'timeout' => 10,
-            'connectivityChecker' => new FixatedConnectivityChecker(4)
-        ]);
-        $connection = $provider->provideConnection();
-        $sameConnection = $provider->provideConnection();
-
-        $this->assertInstanceOf(SFTP::class, $connection);
-        $this->assertSame($connection, $sameConnection);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function authenticating_with_a_private_key(): void
-    {
-        $provider = SftpConnectionProvider::fromArray(
-            [
-                'host' => 'localhost',
-                'username' => 'bar',
-                'privateKey' => __DIR__ . '/../../test_files/sftp/id_rsa',
-                'passphrase' => 'secret',
-                'port' => 2222,
-            ]
-        );
-
-        $connection = $provider->provideConnection();
-        $this->assertInstanceOf(SFTP::class, $connection);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function authenticating_with_an_invalid_private_key(): void
-    {
-        $provider = SftpConnectionProvider::fromArray(
-            [
-                'host' => 'localhost',
-                'username' => 'bar',
-                'privateKey' => __DIR__ . '/../../test_files/sftp/users.conf',
-                'port' => 2222,
-            ]
-        );
-
-        $this->expectException(UnableToLoadPrivateKey::class);
-
-        $provider->provideConnection();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function authenticating_with_an_ssh_agent(): void
-    {
-        $provider = SftpConnectionProvider::fromArray(
-            [
-                'host' => 'localhost',
-                'username' => 'bar',
-                'useAgent' => true,
-                'port' => 2222,
-            ]
-        );
-
-        $connection = $provider->provideConnection();
-        $this->assertInstanceOf(SFTP::class, $connection);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function failing_to_authenticating_with_an_ssh_agent(): void
-    {
-        $this->expectException(UnableToAuthenticate::class);
-
-        $provider = SftpConnectionProvider::fromArray(
-            [
-                'host' => 'localhost',
-                'username' => 'foo',
-                'useAgent' => true,
-                'port' => 2222,
-            ]
-        );
-
-        $provider->provideConnection();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function authenticating_with_a_private_key_and_falling_back_to_password(): void
-    {
-        $provider = SftpConnectionProvider::fromArray(
-            [
-                'host' => 'localhost',
-                'username' => 'foo',
-                'password' => 'pass',
-                'privateKey' => __DIR__ . '/../../test_files/sftp/id_rsa',
-                'passphrase' => 'secret',
-                'port' => 2222,
-            ]
-        );
-
-        $connection = $provider->provideConnection();
-        $this->assertInstanceOf(SFTP::class, $connection);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function not_being_able_to_authenticate_with_a_private_key(): void
-    {
-        $provider = SftpConnectionProvider::fromArray(
-            [
-                'host' => 'localhost',
-                'username' => 'foo',
-                'privateKey' => __DIR__ . '/../../test_files/sftp/unknown.key',
-                'passphrase' => 'secret',
-                'port' => 2222,
-            ]
-        );
-
-        $this->expectExceptionObject(UnableToAuthenticate::withPrivateKey());
-        $provider->provideConnection();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function verifying_a_fingerprint(): void
-    {
-        $key = file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../../test_files/sftp/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub');
-        $fingerPrint = $this->computeFingerPrint($key);
-
-        $provider = SftpConnectionProvider::fromArray(
-            [
-                'host' => 'localhost',
-                'username' => 'foo',
-                'password' => 'pass',
-                'port' => 2222,
-                'hostFingerprint' => $fingerPrint,
-            ]
-        );
-
-        $anotherConnection = $provider->provideConnection();
-        $this->assertInstanceOf(SFTP::class, $anotherConnection);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function providing_an_invalid_fingerprint(): void
-    {
-        $this->expectException(UnableToEstablishAuthenticityOfHost::class);
-
-        $provider = SftpConnectionProvider::fromArray(
-            [
-                'host' => 'localhost',
-                'username' => 'foo',
-                'password' => 'pass',
-                'port' => 2222,
-                'hostFingerprint' => 'invalid:fingerprint',
-            ]
-        );
-        $provider->provideConnection();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @test
-     */
-    public function providing_an_invalid_password(): void
-    {
-        $this->expectException(UnableToAuthenticate::class);
-        $provider = SftpConnectionProvider::fromArray(
-            [
-                'host' => 'localhost',
-                'username' => 'foo',
-                'password' => 'lol',
-                'port' => 2222,
-            ]
-        );
-        $provider->provideConnection();
-    }
-
-    private function computeFingerPrint(string $publicKey): string
-    {
-        $content = explode(' ', $publicKey, 3);
-
-        return implode(':', str_split(md5(base64_decode($content[1])), 2));
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV2/SftpStub.php b/src/PhpseclibV2/SftpStub.php
deleted file mode 100644
index ab4dcde40..000000000
--- a/src/PhpseclibV2/SftpStub.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2;
-
-use phpseclib\Net\SFTP;
-
-/**
- * @internal This is only used for testing purposes.
- *
- * @deprecated The "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2\SftpStub" class is deprecated since Flysystem 3.0, use "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV3\SftpStub" instead.
- */
-class SftpStub extends SFTP
-{
-    /**
-     * @var array<string,bool>
-     */
-    private $tripWires = [];
-
-    public function failOnChmod(string $filename): void
-    {
-        $key = $this->formatTripKey('chmod', $filename);
-        $this->tripWires[$key] = true;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @param int    $mode
-     * @param string $filename
-     * @param bool   $recursive
-     *
-     * @return bool|mixed
-     */
-    public function chmod($mode, $filename, $recursive = false)
-    {
-        $key = $this->formatTripKey('chmod', $filename);
-        $shouldTrip = $this->tripWires[$key] ?? false;
-
-        if ($shouldTrip) {
-            unset($this->tripWires[$key]);
-
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        return parent::chmod($mode, $filename, $recursive);
-    }
-
-    public function failOnPut(string $filename): void
-    {
-        $key = $this->formatTripKey('put', $filename);
-        $this->tripWires[$key] = true;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @param string          $remote_file
-     * @param resource|string $data
-     * @param int             $mode
-     * @param int             $start
-     * @param int             $local_start
-     * @param null            $progressCallback
-     *
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public function put(
-        $remote_file,
-        $data,
-        $mode = self::SOURCE_STRING,
-        $start = -1,
-        $local_start = -1,
-        $progressCallback = null
-    ) {
-        $key = $this->formatTripKey('put', $remote_file);
-        $shouldTrip = $this->tripWires[$key] ?? false;
-
-        if ($shouldTrip) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        return parent::put($remote_file, $data, $mode, $start, $local_start, $progressCallback);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @param array<int,mixed> $arguments
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private function formatTripKey(...$arguments): string
-    {
-        $key = '';
-
-        foreach ($arguments as $argument) {
-            $key .= var_export($argument, true);
-        }
-
-        return $key;
-    }
-
-    public function reset(): void
-    {
-        $this->tripWires = [];
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV2/SimpleConnectivityChecker.php b/src/PhpseclibV2/SimpleConnectivityChecker.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 424b165e9..000000000
--- a/src/PhpseclibV2/SimpleConnectivityChecker.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2;
-
-use phpseclib\Net\SFTP;
-
-/**
- * @deprecated The "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2\SimpleConnectivityChecker" class is deprecated since Flysystem 3.0, use "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV3\SimpleConnectivityChecker" instead.
- */
-class SimpleConnectivityChecker implements ConnectivityChecker
-{
-    public function isConnected(SFTP $connection): bool
-    {
-        return $connection->isConnected();
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV2/StubSftpConnectionProvider.php b/src/PhpseclibV2/StubSftpConnectionProvider.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 8ee41e732..000000000
--- a/src/PhpseclibV2/StubSftpConnectionProvider.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2;
-
-use phpseclib\Net\SFTP;
-
-/**
- * @deprecated The "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2\StubSftpConnectionProvider" class is deprecated since Flysystem 3.0, use "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV3\StubSftpConnectionProvider" instead.
- */
-class StubSftpConnectionProvider implements ConnectionProvider
-{
-    /**
-     * @var string
-     */
-    private $host;
-
-    /**
-     * @var string
-     */
-    private $username;
-
-    /**
-     * @var string|null
-     */
-    private $password;
-
-    /**
-     * @var int
-     */
-    private $port;
-
-    /**
-     * @var SftpStub
-     */
-    private $connection;
-
-    public function __construct(
-        string $host,
-        string $username,
-        ?string $password = null,
-        int $port = 22
-    ) {
-        $this->host = $host;
-        $this->username = $username;
-        $this->password = $password;
-        $this->port = $port;
-    }
-
-    public function provideConnection(): SFTP
-    {
-        if ( ! $this->connection instanceof SFTP) {
-            $connection = new SftpStub($this->host, $this->port);
-            $connection->login($this->username, $this->password);
-
-            $this->connection = $connection;
-        }
-
-        return $this->connection;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV2/UnableToAuthenticate.php b/src/PhpseclibV2/UnableToAuthenticate.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 7d696b4de..000000000
--- a/src/PhpseclibV2/UnableToAuthenticate.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2;
-
-use League\Flysystem\FilesystemException;
-use RuntimeException;
-
-/**
- * @deprecated The "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2\UnableToAuthenticate" class is deprecated since Flysystem 3.0, use "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV3\UnableToAuthenticate" instead.
- */
-class UnableToAuthenticate extends RuntimeException implements FilesystemException
-{
-    public static function withPassword(): UnableToAuthenticate
-    {
-        return new UnableToAuthenticate('Unable to authenticate using a password.');
-    }
-
-    public static function withPrivateKey(): UnableToAuthenticate
-    {
-        return new UnableToAuthenticate('Unable to authenticate using a private key.');
-    }
-
-    public static function withSshAgent(): UnableToAuthenticate
-    {
-        return new UnableToAuthenticate('Unable to authenticate using an SSH agent.');
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV2/UnableToConnectToSftpHost.php b/src/PhpseclibV2/UnableToConnectToSftpHost.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 695a657bd..000000000
--- a/src/PhpseclibV2/UnableToConnectToSftpHost.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2;
-
-use League\Flysystem\FilesystemException;
-use RuntimeException;
-
-/**
- * @deprecated The "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2\UnableToConnectToSftpHost" class is deprecated since Flysystem 3.0, use "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV3\UnableToConnectToSftpHost" instead.
- */
-class UnableToConnectToSftpHost extends RuntimeException implements FilesystemException
-{
-    public static function atHostname(string $host): UnableToConnectToSftpHost
-    {
-        return new UnableToConnectToSftpHost("Unable to connect to host: $host");
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV2/UnableToEstablishAuthenticityOfHost.php b/src/PhpseclibV2/UnableToEstablishAuthenticityOfHost.php
deleted file mode 100644
index a2d050419..000000000
--- a/src/PhpseclibV2/UnableToEstablishAuthenticityOfHost.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2;
-
-use League\Flysystem\FilesystemException;
-use RuntimeException;
-
-/**
- * @deprecated The "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2\UnableToEstablishAuthenticityOfHost" class is deprecated since Flysystem 3.0, use "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV3\UnableToEstablishAuthenticityOfHost" instead.
- */
-class UnableToEstablishAuthenticityOfHost extends RuntimeException implements FilesystemException
-{
-    public static function becauseTheAuthenticityCantBeEstablished(string $host): UnableToEstablishAuthenticityOfHost
-    {
-        return new UnableToEstablishAuthenticityOfHost("The authenticity of host $host can't be established.");
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV2/UnableToLoadPrivateKey.php b/src/PhpseclibV2/UnableToLoadPrivateKey.php
deleted file mode 100644
index c392ec846..000000000
--- a/src/PhpseclibV2/UnableToLoadPrivateKey.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2;
-
-use League\Flysystem\FilesystemException;
-use RuntimeException;
-
-/**
- * @deprecated The "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV2\UnableToLoadPrivateKey" class is deprecated since Flysystem 3.0, use "League\Flysystem\PhpseclibV3\UnableToLoadPrivateKey" instead.
- */
-class UnableToLoadPrivateKey extends RuntimeException implements FilesystemException
-{
-    public function __construct(string $message = "Unable to load private key.")
-    {
-        parent::__construct($message);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV2/composer.json b/src/PhpseclibV2/composer.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 734b56e78..000000000
--- a/src/PhpseclibV2/composer.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "name": "league/flysystem-sftp",
-    "description": "SFTP filesystem adapter for Flysystem.",
-    "keywords": ["flysystem", "filesystem", "sftp", "files", "file"],
-    "autoload": {
-        "psr-4": {
-                "League\\Flysystem\\PhpseclibV2\\": ""
-        }
-    },
-    "require": {
-        "php": "^8.0.2",
-        "league/flysystem": "^4.0.0",
-        "league/mime-type-detection": "^1.0.0",
-        "phpseclib/phpseclib": "^2.0"
-    },
-    "license": "MIT",
-    "authors": [
-        {
-            "name": "Frank de Jonge",
-            "email": "info@frankdejonge.nl"
-        }
-    ],
-    "abandoned": "league/flysystem-sftp-v3"
-}
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV3/SftpAdapter.php b/src/PhpseclibV3/SftpAdapter.php
index fe9f8bb87..7c8934ab2 100644
--- a/src/PhpseclibV3/SftpAdapter.php
+++ b/src/PhpseclibV3/SftpAdapter.php
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 use phpseclib3\Net\SFTP;
 use Throwable;
 
+use function is_array;
 use function rtrim;
 
 class SftpAdapter implements FilesystemAdapter
@@ -261,6 +262,19 @@ public function visibility(string $path): FileAttributes
         return $this->fetchFileMetadata($path, FileAttributes::ATTRIBUTE_VISIBILITY);
     }
 
+    public function metadata(string $path, Config $config): StorageAttributes
+    {
+        $location = $this->prefixer->prefixPath($path);
+        $connection = $this->connectionProvider->provideConnection();
+        $stat = $connection->stat($location);
+
+        if ( ! is_array($stat)) {
+            throw UnableToRetrieveMetadata::metadata($path, 'no result returned');
+        }
+
+        return $this->convertListingToAttributes($path, $stat);
+    }
+
     public function listContents(string $path, bool $deep): iterable
     {
         $connection = $this->connectionProvider->provideConnection();
diff --git a/src/PhpseclibV3/composer.json b/src/PhpseclibV3/composer.json
index 96b24ad99..009bdc8c0 100644
--- a/src/PhpseclibV3/composer.json
+++ b/src/PhpseclibV3/composer.json
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
         }
     },
     "require": {
-        "php": "^8.0.2",
+        "php": "^8.1",
         "league/flysystem": "^4.0.0",
         "league/mime-type-detection": "^1.0.0",
         "phpseclib/phpseclib": "^3.0"
diff --git a/src/ReadOnly/ReadOnlyFilesystemAdapter.php b/src/ReadOnly/ReadOnlyFilesystemAdapter.php
index 2a6fc1517..0f0f28754 100644
--- a/src/ReadOnly/ReadOnlyFilesystemAdapter.php
+++ b/src/ReadOnly/ReadOnlyFilesystemAdapter.php
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 use League\Flysystem\Config;
 use League\Flysystem\DecoratedAdapter;
 use League\Flysystem\FilesystemAdapter;
+use League\Flysystem\StorageAttributes;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToCopyFile;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToCreateDirectory;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToDeleteDirectory;
diff --git a/src/ReadOnly/composer.json b/src/ReadOnly/composer.json
index a0cb82c17..66893f1a7 100644
--- a/src/ReadOnly/composer.json
+++ b/src/ReadOnly/composer.json
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
         }
     },
     "require": {
-        "php": "^8.0.2",
+        "php": "^8.1",
         "league/flysystem": "^4.0.0"
     },
     "license": "MIT",
diff --git a/src/StorageAttributes.php b/src/StorageAttributes.php
index 6be6235bd..864573149 100644
--- a/src/StorageAttributes.php
+++ b/src/StorageAttributes.php
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ interface StorageAttributes extends JsonSerializable, ArrayAccess
     public const ATTRIBUTE_VISIBILITY = 'visibility';
     public const ATTRIBUTE_LAST_MODIFIED = 'last_modified';
     public const ATTRIBUTE_MIME_TYPE = 'mime_type';
+    public const ATTRIBUTE_METADATA = 'metadata';
     public const ATTRIBUTE_EXTRA_METADATA = 'extra_metadata';
 
     public const TYPE_FILE = 'file';
diff --git a/src/UnableToRetrieveMetadata.php b/src/UnableToRetrieveMetadata.php
index f7e3fde4c..e5f5f799f 100644
--- a/src/UnableToRetrieveMetadata.php
+++ b/src/UnableToRetrieveMetadata.php
@@ -44,6 +44,11 @@ public static function mimeType(string $location, string $reason = '', ?Throwabl
         return static::create($location, FileAttributes::ATTRIBUTE_MIME_TYPE, $reason, $previous);
     }
 
+    public static function metadata(string $location, string $reason = '', ?Throwable $previous = null): self
+    {
+        return static::create($location, FileAttributes::ATTRIBUTE_METADATA, $reason, $previous);
+    }
+
     public static function create(string $location, string $type, string $reason = '', ?Throwable $previous = null): self
     {
         $e = new static("Unable to retrieve the $type for file at location: $location. {$reason}", 0, $previous);
diff --git a/src/WebDAV/WebDAVAdapter.php b/src/WebDAV/WebDAVAdapter.php
index 935972692..25acc859c 100644
--- a/src/WebDAV/WebDAVAdapter.php
+++ b/src/WebDAV/WebDAVAdapter.php
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 use League\Flysystem\FileAttributes;
 use League\Flysystem\FilesystemAdapter;
 use League\Flysystem\PathPrefixer;
+use League\Flysystem\StorageAttributes;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToCheckDirectoryExistence;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToCheckFileExistence;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToCopyFile;
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@
 
 use function array_key_exists;
 use function array_shift;
+use function count;
 use function dirname;
 use function explode;
 use function fclose;
@@ -272,6 +274,34 @@ public function fileSize(string $path): FileAttributes
         return new FileAttributes($path, fileSize: $fileSize);
     }
 
+    public function metadata(string $path, Config $config): StorageAttributes
+    {
+        $location = $this->encodePath($this->prefixer->prefixPath($path));
+        $response = $this->client->propFind($location, self::FIND_PROPERTIES);
+
+        if (count($response) === 0) {
+            $location = $this->encodePath($this->prefixer->prefixDirectoryPath($path));
+            $response = $this->client->propFind($location, self::FIND_PROPERTIES);
+        }
+
+        if (count($response) === 0) {
+            throw UnableToRetrieveMetadata::metadata($path, 'no file/directory found');
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->normalizeObject($response);
+
+        if ($this->propsIsDirectory($response)) {
+            return new DirectoryAttributes($path, lastModified: $response['last_modified'] ?? null);
+        }
+
+        return new FileAttributes(
+            $path,
+            fileSize:     $response['file_size'] ?? null,
+            lastModified: $response['last_modified'] ?? null,
+            mimeType:     $response['mime_type'] ?? null,
+        );
+    }
+
     public function listContents(string $path, bool $deep): iterable
     {
         $location = $this->encodePath($this->prefixer->prefixDirectoryPath($path));
diff --git a/src/WebDAV/composer.json b/src/WebDAV/composer.json
index 3dd79bb27..08f2326b0 100644
--- a/src/WebDAV/composer.json
+++ b/src/WebDAV/composer.json
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
         }
     },
     "require": {
-        "php": "^8.0.2",
+        "php": "^8.1",
         "league/flysystem": "^4.0.0",
         "sabre/dav": "^4.6.0"
     },
diff --git a/src/ZipArchive/ZipArchiveAdapter.php b/src/ZipArchive/ZipArchiveAdapter.php
index 63f3411ed..9485ceb3d 100644
--- a/src/ZipArchive/ZipArchiveAdapter.php
+++ b/src/ZipArchive/ZipArchiveAdapter.php
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 use League\Flysystem\FileAttributes;
 use League\Flysystem\FilesystemAdapter;
 use League\Flysystem\PathPrefixer;
+use League\Flysystem\StorageAttributes;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToCopyFile;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToCreateDirectory;
 use League\Flysystem\UnableToDeleteDirectory;
@@ -281,6 +282,32 @@ public function fileSize(string $path): FileAttributes
         return new FileAttributes($path, $stats['size'], null, null);
     }
 
+    public function metadata(string $path, Config $config): StorageAttributes
+    {
+        $archive = $this->zipArchiveProvider->createZipArchive();
+        $stats = $archive->statName($this->pathPrefixer->prefixPath($path))
+            ?: $archive->statName($this->pathPrefixer->prefixDirectoryPath($path));
+
+        if ($stats === false) {
+            throw UnableToRetrieveMetadata::metadata($path, 'no file/directory found');
+        }
+
+        $itemPath = $stats['name'];
+
+        return $this->isDirectoryPath($itemPath)
+            ? new DirectoryAttributes(
+                $this->pathPrefixer->stripDirectoryPrefix($itemPath),
+                null,
+                $stats['mtime']
+            )
+            : new FileAttributes(
+                $this->pathPrefixer->stripPrefix($itemPath),
+                $stats['size'],
+                null,
+                $stats['mtime']
+            );
+    }
+
     public function listContents(string $path, bool $deep): iterable
     {
         $archive = $this->zipArchiveProvider->createZipArchive();
diff --git a/src/ZipArchive/composer.json b/src/ZipArchive/composer.json
index 67e206ad1..3ef9ef86a 100644
--- a/src/ZipArchive/composer.json
+++ b/src/ZipArchive/composer.json
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
         }
     },
     "require": {
-        "php": "^8.0.2",
+        "php": "^8.1",
         "ext-zip": "*",
         "league/flysystem": "^4.0.0",
         "league/mime-type-detection": "^1.0.0"