- Amah Mutsun Tribal Band (Watsonville) http://amahmutsun.org/
- Ohlone Costanoan Esselen Nation (Monterey) http://www.ohlonecostanoanesselennation.org/
- Muwekma Ohlone (San Francisco Bay Area) http://www.muwekma.org/
- Ramaytush Ohlone (San Francisco peninsula) http://www.ramaytush.com/
The Ohlone, formerly known as Costanoans (from Spanish costeño meaning "coast dweller"), are a Native American people of the Northern California coast. When Spanish explorers and missionaries arrived in the late 18th century, the Ohlone inhabited the area along the coast from San Francisco Bay through Monterey Bay to the lower Salinas Valley. At that time they spoke a variety of related languages. The Ohlone languages make up a sub-family of the Utian language family. Older proposals place Utian within the Penutian language phylum, while newer proposals group it as Yok-Utian.
The Mutsun (of Hollister and Watsonville) and the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe (of the San Francisco Bay Area) are among the surviving groups of Ohlone today petitioning for tribal recognition. The Esselen Nation also describes itself as Ohlone/Costanoan, although they historically spoke both the southern Costanoan (Rumsien) and an entirely different Hokan language Esselen.
Ohlone tribes with petitions for Federal Recognition pending with the Bureau of Indian Affairs are:
Members of the Muwekma Ohlone tribe attend a proclamation of the first official Indigenous Peoples' Day in San Francisco, October 2018. Muwekma Ohlone Tribe, San Francisco Bay Area: With 397 enrolled members in 2000, the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe comprises "all of the known surviving Native American lineages aboriginal to the San Francisco Bay region who trace their ancestry through the Missions Dolores, Santa Clara and San Jose" and who descend from members of the historic Federally Recognized Verona Band of Alameda County. On 21 September 2006, they received a favorable opinion from the U.S. District in Washington, D.C., of their court case to expedite the reaffirmation of the tribe as a federally recognized tribe. The Advisory Council on California Indian Policy has assisted in their case. They lost the case in 2011, and have filed an appeal.
Amah-Mutsun Band of Ohlone/Costanoan Indians, Woodside: The Amah-Mutsun Band has over 500 enrolled members and comprises "various surviving lineages who spoke the Hoomontwash or Mutsun Ohlone language." The majority descend from the native people baptized at Mission San Juan Bautista.
Ohlone/Costanoan Esselen Nation, Monterey and San Benito Counties: The Ohlone/Costanoan Esselen Nation has approximately 500 enrolled members. Their tribal council claims enrolled membership is currently at approximately 500 people from thirteen core lineages that trace direct descendancy to the Missions San Carlos and Soledad. The tribe was formerly federally recognized as the "Monterey Band of Monterey County" (1906–1908). Approximately 60% reside in Monterey and San Benito Counties.
Costanoan Band of Carmel Mission Indians, Monrovia.
Costanoan Ohlone Rumsen-Mutsen Tribe, Watsonville.
Costanoan-Rumsen Carmel Tribe, Pomona/Chino Offices, from Carmel, Monterey Bay Area.
Indian Canyon Mutsun Band of Costanoan, Mutsun Indians, Chalon, South of Hollister, San Benito County, Only federally recognized "Indian Country" between Sonoma and Santa Barbara along central coastal California. "Indian Country" is land held in trust recognizing Indian People.
Ramaytush (rah-my-toosh) Ohlone, the original peoples of the San Francisco Peninsula http://www.ramaytush.com/
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