feat: add solution for ex05

exercises/ex05-reminder/README.md

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+# Hooks
+
+Substrate offers a way to automatically execute code on some events (when a block is being created or finalized, when there is a runtime upgrade...) allowing to add more specific logic to the chain.
+
+## What to do?
+
+The aim of this exercice is to schedule an event to be sent at a specific blocknumber, and notify (by another event) how many scheduled events have been processed every blocks.
+For this, you will have a storage map that contains a list of event as value, and a blocknumber as a key.
+You will also have a storage that count how many event have been processed, and an extrinsic to schedule events.
+
+the aim is to use the `on_initialize` hook to first reset the counter, execute events, and increase the new counter,
+and the `on_finalize` hook emit the events
+
+on_initialize also return the weight used in the hook. We placed a first occurence so let you see how it works.
+(tip: on_initialize can be done in one read and two writes !)
+
+We placed some helpful comments in the code 😉.
+
+You will succeed once every tests passes :).
+Launch the tests by running:
+
+```sh
+$ cargo test
+```
+
+## some links
+
+* Transaction lifecycle: https://docs.substrate.io/fundamentals/transaction-lifecycle/
+* Hooks technical documentation: https://paritytech.github.io/substrate/master/frame_support/traits/trait.Hooks.html#method.on_idle
+
+## What to focus on
+
+Storage and extrinsics are already completed, you only need to focus on the hooks logic.

exercises/ex05-reminder/reminder/Cargo.toml

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+[package]
+authors    = ["Nathan Gardet-Derc"]
+edition    = "2021"
+license    = "Apache-2.0"
+name       = "pallet-reminder"
+publish    = false
+repository = "https://github.com/substrate-developer-hub/substrate-rusty-node/"
+version    = "0.1.0"
+
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+targets = ["x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"]
+
+[dependencies]
+codec = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3.0.0", default-features = false, features = [
+	"derive",
+] }
+scale-info = { version = "2.0.1", default-features = false, features = [
+	"derive",
+] }
+
+frame-benchmarking = { version = "4.0.0-dev", default-features = false, git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate.git", branch = "polkadot-v0.9.22", optional = true }
+frame-support      = { version = "4.0.0-dev", default-features = false, git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate.git", branch = "polkadot-v0.9.22" }
+frame-system       = { version = "4.0.0-dev", default-features = false, git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate.git", branch = "polkadot-v0.9.22" }
+syn                = { version = "=1.0.96" }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+sp-core         = { version = "6.0.0", default-features = false, git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate.git", branch = "polkadot-v0.9.22" }
+sp-io           = { version = "6.0.0", default-features = false, git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate.git", branch = "polkadot-v0.9.22" }
+sp-runtime      = { version = "6.0.0", default-features = false, git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate.git", branch = "polkadot-v0.9.22" }
+
+[features]
+default = ["std"]
+std = [
+	"codec/std",
+	"scale-info/std",
+	"frame-support/std",
+	"frame-system/std",
+	"frame-benchmarking/std",
+]
+
+runtime-benchmarks = ["frame-benchmarking/runtime-benchmarks"]
+try-runtime        = ["frame-support/try-runtime"]

exercises/ex05-reminder/reminder/src/lib.rs

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+#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
+
+pub use pallet::*;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod mock;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests;
+
+#[frame_support::pallet]
+pub mod pallet {
+	use super::*;
+	use frame_support::pallet_prelude::*;
+	use frame_system::pallet_prelude::*;
+
+	#[pallet::pallet]
+	#[pallet::generate_store(pub(super) trait Store)]
+	pub struct Pallet<T>(_);
+
+	#[pallet::config]
+	pub trait Config: frame_system::Config {
+		type Event: From<Event<Self>> + IsType<<Self as frame_system::Config>::Event>;
+	}
+
+	#[pallet::storage]
+	#[pallet::getter(fn event_counter)]
+	pub type EventCounter<T> = StorageValue<_, u32, ValueQuery>;
+
+	#[pallet::storage]
+	#[pallet::unbounded]
+	#[pallet::getter(fn reminders)]
+	pub type Reminders<T: Config> =
+		StorageMap<_, Blake2_256, T::BlockNumber, Vec<Vec<u8>>, ValueQuery>;
+
+	#[pallet::event]
+	#[pallet::generate_deposit(pub(super) fn deposit_event)]
+	pub enum Event<T: Config> {
+		ReminderSet(T::BlockNumber, Vec<u8>),
+		Reminder(Vec<u8>),
+		RemindersExecuteds(u32),
+	}
+
+	#[pallet::error]
+	pub enum Error<T> {}
+
+	#[pallet::hooks]
+	impl<T: Config> Hooks<BlockNumberFor<T>> for Pallet<T> {
+		fn on_initialize(n: T::BlockNumber) -> Weight {
+			let mut used_weight = 0;
+			let reminders = Self::reminders(n);
+			used_weight += T::DbWeight::get().reads(1);
+			let mut event_counter = 0;
+
+			for reminder in reminders {
+				Self::deposit_event(Event::Reminder(reminder.clone()));
+				event_counter += 1;
+			}
+			<EventCounter<T>>::mutate(|value| *value = event_counter);
+			used_weight += T::DbWeight::get().writes(1);
+
+			<Reminders<T>>::remove(n);
+			used_weight += T::DbWeight::get().writes(1);
+
+			used_weight
+		}
+
+		fn on_finalize(_: T::BlockNumber) {
+			let count = Self::event_counter();
+			Self::deposit_event(Event::RemindersExecuteds(count));
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[pallet::call]
+	impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
+		#[pallet::weight(10_000 + T::DbWeight::get().reads(1))]
+		pub fn schedule_reminder(
+			origin: OriginFor<T>,
+			at: T::BlockNumber,
+			message: Vec<u8>,
+		) -> DispatchResult {
+			let _ = ensure_signed(origin)?;
+
+			<Reminders<T>>::mutate(at, |reminders| reminders.push(message.clone()));
+			Self::deposit_event(Event::ReminderSet(at, message));
+
+			Ok(())
+		}
+	}
+}

exercises/ex05-reminder/reminder/src/mock.rs

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+use crate as pallet_reminder;
+use frame_support::{
+	parameter_types,
+	traits::{ConstU16, ConstU64},
+	weights::RuntimeDbWeight,
+};
+use frame_system as system;
+use sp_core::H256;
+use sp_runtime::{
+	testing::Header,
+	traits::{BlakeTwo256, IdentityLookup},
+};
+
+type UncheckedExtrinsic = frame_system::mocking::MockUncheckedExtrinsic<TestRuntime>;
+type Block = frame_system::mocking::MockBlock<TestRuntime>;
+
+// Configure a mock runtime to test the pallet.
+frame_support::construct_runtime!(
+	pub enum TestRuntime where
+		Block = Block,
+		NodeBlock = Block,
+		UncheckedExtrinsic = UncheckedExtrinsic,
+	{
+		System: frame_system,
+		Reminder: pallet_reminder,
+	}
+);
+
+parameter_types! {
+	pub const DbWeight: RuntimeDbWeight = RuntimeDbWeight {read: 1, write: 10000};
+}
+
+impl system::Config for TestRuntime {
+	type AccountData = ();
+	type AccountId = u64;
+	type BaseCallFilter = frame_support::traits::Everything;
+	type BlockHashCount = ConstU64<250>;
+	type BlockLength = ();
+	type BlockNumber = u64;
+	type BlockWeights = ();
+	type Call = Call;
+	type DbWeight = DbWeight;
+	type Event = Event;
+	type Hash = H256;
+	type Hashing = BlakeTwo256;
+	type Header = Header;
+	type Index = u64;
+	type Lookup = IdentityLookup<Self::AccountId>;
+	type MaxConsumers = frame_support::traits::ConstU32<16>;
+	type OnKilledAccount = ();
+	type OnNewAccount = ();
+	type OnSetCode = ();
+	type Origin = Origin;
+	type PalletInfo = PalletInfo;
+	type SS58Prefix = ConstU16<42>;
+	type SystemWeightInfo = ();
+	type Version = ();
+}
+
+impl pallet_reminder::Config for TestRuntime {
+	type Event = Event;
+}
+
+pub fn new_test_ext() -> sp_io::TestExternalities {
+	let t = frame_system::GenesisConfig::default().build_storage::<TestRuntime>().unwrap();
+	let mut ext = sp_io::TestExternalities::new(t);
+	ext.execute_with(|| System::set_block_number(1));
+	ext
+}
+
+// Mock users AccountId
+pub const ALICE: u64 = 1;

exercises/ex05-reminder/reminder/src/tests.rs

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+use crate::mock::*;
+use frame_support::assert_ok;
+
+use frame_support::{
+	traits::{OnFinalize, OnInitialize},
+	weights::RuntimeDbWeight,
+};
+
+mod mint {
+	use super::*;
+
+	#[test]
+	fn schedule() {
+		new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+			assert_ok!(Reminder::schedule_reminder(
+				Origin::signed(ALICE),
+				1,
+				"test".as_bytes().to_vec(),
+			));
+			assert_eq!(
+				Reminder::reminders(1),
+				vec! {
+					"test".as_bytes().to_vec()
+				}
+			)
+		})
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn execution_and_cleanup() {
+		new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+			assert_ok!(Reminder::schedule_reminder(
+				Origin::signed(ALICE),
+				2,
+				"test".as_bytes().to_vec(),
+			));
+			assert_ok!(Reminder::schedule_reminder(
+				Origin::signed(ALICE),
+				2,
+				"test2".as_bytes().to_vec(),
+			));
+			<Reminder as OnInitialize<u64>>::on_initialize(2);
+			System::assert_last_event(crate::Event::Reminder("test2".as_bytes().to_vec()).into());
+			System::assert_has_event(crate::Event::Reminder("test".as_bytes().to_vec()).into());
+
+			//check if events have been removed from the storage after being emitted
+			assert_eq!(Reminder::reminders(2), <Vec<Vec<u8>>>::new())
+		})
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn counting_events() {
+		new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+			assert_ok!(Reminder::schedule_reminder(
+				Origin::signed(ALICE),
+				2,
+				"test".as_bytes().to_vec(),
+			));
+			assert_ok!(Reminder::schedule_reminder(
+				Origin::signed(ALICE),
+				2,
+				"test2".as_bytes().to_vec(),
+			));
+			<Reminder as OnInitialize<u64>>::on_initialize(2);
+			assert_eq!(Reminder::event_counter(), 2);
+			<Reminder as OnFinalize<u64>>::on_finalize(2);
+			System::assert_last_event(Event::Reminder(crate::Event::RemindersExecuteds(2)));
+		})
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn reset_counter() {
+		new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+			assert_ok!(Reminder::schedule_reminder(
+				Origin::signed(ALICE),
+				2,
+				"test".as_bytes().to_vec(),
+			));
+			assert_ok!(Reminder::schedule_reminder(
+				Origin::signed(ALICE),
+				2,
+				"test2".as_bytes().to_vec(),
+			));
+			<Reminder as OnInitialize<u64>>::on_initialize(2);
+			<Reminder as OnFinalize<u64>>::on_finalize(2);
+			assert_eq!(Reminder::event_counter(), 2);
+			<Reminder as OnInitialize<u64>>::on_initialize(3);
+			assert_eq!(Reminder::event_counter(), 0);
+		})
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn valid_weights() {
+		new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+			let db_weights: RuntimeDbWeight =
+				<TestRuntime as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get();
+
+			assert_ok!(Reminder::schedule_reminder(
+				Origin::signed(ALICE),
+				2,
+				"test".as_bytes().to_vec(),
+			));
+			assert_ok!(Reminder::schedule_reminder(
+				Origin::signed(ALICE),
+				2,
+				"test2".as_bytes().to_vec(),
+			));
+			assert_eq!(
+				<Reminder as OnInitialize<u64>>::on_initialize(2),
+				db_weights.reads_writes(1, 2)
+			);
+			<Reminder as OnFinalize<u64>>::on_finalize(2);
+		})
+	}
+}