Rollup merge of rust-lang#134787 - fmease:spruce-up-queries, r=compiler-errors

Spruce up the docs of several queries related to the type/trait system and const eval

- Editorial
  - Proper rustdoc summary/synopsis line by making use of extra paragraphs: Leads to better rendered output on module pages, in search result lists and overall, too
  - Use rustdoc warning blocks for admonitions of the form "do not call / avoid calling this query directly"
  - Use intra-doc links of the form ``[`Self::$query`]`` to cross-link queries. Indeed, such links are generally a bit brittle due to the existence of `TyCtxtFeed` which only contains a subset of queries. Therefore the docs of `feedable` queries cannot cross-link to non-`feedable` ones. I'd say it's fine to use intra-doc links despite the potential/unlikely occasional future breakage (if a query with the aforementioned characteristics becomes `feedable`). `Self::` is nicer than `TyCtxt::` (which would be more stable) since it accounts for other contexts like `TyCtxt{Feed,At,Ensure{,WithValue}}`
- Informative
  - Generally add, flesh out and correct some doc comments
  - Add *Panic* sections (to a few selected queries only). The lists of panics aren't necessarily exhaustive and focus on the more "obvious" or "important" panics.
  - Where applicable add a paragraph calling attention to the relevant [`#[rustc_*]` TEST attribute](https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/compiler-debugging.html#rustc_-test-attributes)

The one non-doc change (it's internal and not observable):
Be even more defensive in `query constness`'s impl (spiritual follow-up to rust-lang#134122) (see self review comment).

Fixes rust-lang#133494.

r\? **any**(compiler-errors, oli-obk)