diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 70e9a4ca7cb15..ec361396b44c6 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -2166,6 +2166,17 @@ description = "Showcases the RelativeCursorPosition component"
 category = "UI (User Interface)"
 wasm = true
 
+[[example]]
+name = "render_ui_to_texture"
+path = "examples/ui/render_ui_to_texture.rs"
+doc-scrape-examples = true
+
+[package.metadata.example.render_ui_to_texture]
+name = "Render UI to Texture"
+description = "An example of rendering UI as a part of a 3D world"
+category = "UI (User Interface)"
+wasm = true
+
 [[example]]
 name = "size_constraints"
 path = "examples/ui/size_constraints.rs"
diff --git a/crates/bevy_render/src/camera/camera.rs b/crates/bevy_render/src/camera/camera.rs
index be6349689b7cb..8527ed5bfd9c5 100644
--- a/crates/bevy_render/src/camera/camera.rs
+++ b/crates/bevy_render/src/camera/camera.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ use bevy_transform::components::GlobalTransform;
 use bevy_utils::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use bevy_window::{
     NormalizedWindowRef, PrimaryWindow, Window, WindowCreated, WindowRef, WindowResized,
+    WindowScaleFactorChanged,
 };
 use std::{borrow::Cow, ops::Range};
 use wgpu::{BlendState, LoadOp, TextureFormat};
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ pub struct RenderTargetInfo {
 pub struct ComputedCameraValues {
     projection_matrix: Mat4,
     target_info: Option<RenderTargetInfo>,
-    // position and size of the `Viewport`
+    // size of the `Viewport`
     old_viewport_size: Option<UVec2>,
 }
 
@@ -219,6 +220,11 @@ impl Camera {
         self.computed.target_info.as_ref().map(|t| t.physical_size)
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn target_scaling_factor(&self) -> Option<f64> {
+        self.computed.target_info.as_ref().map(|t| t.scale_factor)
+    }
+
     /// The projection matrix computed using this camera's [`CameraProjection`].
     #[inline]
     pub fn projection_matrix(&self) -> Mat4 {
@@ -546,9 +552,9 @@ impl NormalizedRenderTarget {
 
 /// System in charge of updating a [`Camera`] when its window or projection changes.
 ///
-/// The system detects window creation and resize events to update the camera projection if
-/// needed. It also queries any [`CameraProjection`] component associated with the same entity
-/// as the [`Camera`] one, to automatically update the camera projection matrix.
+/// The system detects window creation, resize, and scale factor change events to update the camera
+/// projection if needed. It also queries any [`CameraProjection`] component associated with the same
+/// entity as the [`Camera`] one, to automatically update the camera projection matrix.
 ///
 /// The system function is generic over the camera projection type, and only instances of
 /// [`OrthographicProjection`] and [`PerspectiveProjection`] are automatically added to
@@ -567,6 +573,7 @@ impl NormalizedRenderTarget {
 pub fn camera_system<T: CameraProjection + Component>(
     mut window_resized_events: EventReader<WindowResized>,
     mut window_created_events: EventReader<WindowCreated>,
+    mut window_scale_factor_changed_events: EventReader<WindowScaleFactorChanged>,
     mut image_asset_events: EventReader<AssetEvent<Image>>,
     primary_window: Query<Entity, With<PrimaryWindow>>,
     windows: Query<(Entity, &Window)>,
@@ -579,6 +586,11 @@ pub fn camera_system<T: CameraProjection + Component>(
     let mut changed_window_ids = HashSet::new();
     changed_window_ids.extend(window_created_events.read().map(|event| event.window));
     changed_window_ids.extend(window_resized_events.read().map(|event| event.window));
+    let scale_factor_changed_window_ids: HashSet<_> = window_scale_factor_changed_events
+        .read()
+        .map(|event| event.window)
+        .collect();
+    changed_window_ids.extend(scale_factor_changed_window_ids.clone());
 
     let changed_image_handles: HashSet<&AssetId<Image>> = image_asset_events
         .read()
@@ -592,7 +604,7 @@ pub fn camera_system<T: CameraProjection + Component>(
         .collect();
 
     for (mut camera, mut camera_projection) in &mut cameras {
-        let viewport_size = camera
+        let mut viewport_size = camera
             .viewport
             .as_ref()
             .map(|viewport| viewport.physical_size);
@@ -603,11 +615,36 @@ pub fn camera_system<T: CameraProjection + Component>(
                 || camera_projection.is_changed()
                 || camera.computed.old_viewport_size != viewport_size
             {
-                camera.computed.target_info = normalized_target.get_render_target_info(
+                let new_computed_target_info = normalized_target.get_render_target_info(
                     &windows,
                     &images,
                     &manual_texture_views,
                 );
+                // Check for the scale factor changing, and resize the viewport if needed.
+                // This can happen when the window is moved between monitors with different DPIs.
+                // Without this, the viewport will take a smaller portion of the window moved to
+                // a higher DPI monitor.
+                if normalized_target.is_changed(&scale_factor_changed_window_ids, &HashSet::new()) {
+                    if let (Some(new_scale_factor), Some(old_scale_factor)) = (
+                        new_computed_target_info
+                            .as_ref()
+                            .map(|info| info.scale_factor),
+                        camera
+                            .computed
+                            .target_info
+                            .as_ref()
+                            .map(|info| info.scale_factor),
+                    ) {
+                        let resize_factor = new_scale_factor / old_scale_factor;
+                        if let Some(ref mut viewport) = camera.viewport {
+                            let resize = |vec: UVec2| (vec.as_dvec2() * resize_factor).as_uvec2();
+                            viewport.physical_position = resize(viewport.physical_position);
+                            viewport.physical_size = resize(viewport.physical_size);
+                            viewport_size = Some(viewport.physical_size);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                camera.computed.target_info = new_computed_target_info;
                 if let Some(size) = camera.logical_viewport_size() {
                     camera_projection.update(size.x, size.y);
                     camera.computed.projection_matrix = camera_projection.get_projection_matrix();
diff --git a/crates/bevy_ui/src/focus.rs b/crates/bevy_ui/src/focus.rs
index 91454adeeaada..11f93b87322ab 100644
--- a/crates/bevy_ui/src/focus.rs
+++ b/crates/bevy_ui/src/focus.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{camera_config::UiCameraConfig, CalculatedClip, Node, UiScale, UiStack};
+use crate::{camera_config::UiCameraConfig, CalculatedClip, Node, TargetCamera, UiScale, UiStack};
 use bevy_derive::{Deref, DerefMut};
 use bevy_ecs::{
     change_detection::DetectChangesMut,
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ pub struct NodeQuery {
     focus_policy: Option<&'static FocusPolicy>,
     calculated_clip: Option<&'static CalculatedClip>,
     view_visibility: Option<&'static ViewVisibility>,
+    target_camera: Option<&'static TargetCamera>,
 }
 
 /// The system that sets Interaction for all UI elements based on the mouse cursor activity
@@ -134,14 +135,14 @@ pub struct NodeQuery {
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub fn ui_focus_system(
     mut state: Local<State>,
-    camera: Query<(&Camera, Option<&UiCameraConfig>)>,
+    camera_query: Query<(Entity, &Camera, Option<&UiCameraConfig>)>,
+    primary_window: Query<Entity, With<PrimaryWindow>>,
     windows: Query<&Window>,
     mouse_button_input: Res<Input<MouseButton>>,
     touches_input: Res<Touches>,
     ui_scale: Res<UiScale>,
     ui_stack: Res<UiStack>,
     mut node_query: Query<NodeQuery>,
-    primary_window: Query<Entity, With<PrimaryWindow>>,
 ) {
     let primary_window = primary_window.iter().next();
 
@@ -170,28 +171,34 @@ pub fn ui_focus_system(
     let is_ui_disabled =
         |camera_ui| matches!(camera_ui, Some(&UiCameraConfig { show_ui: false, .. }));
 
-    let cursor_position = camera
+    // If there is only one camera, we use it as default
+    let default_single_camera = camera_query.get_single().ok().map(|(entity, _, _)| entity);
+    let camera_cursor_positions: Vec<(Entity, Vec2)> = camera_query
         .iter()
-        .filter(|(_, camera_ui)| !is_ui_disabled(*camera_ui))
-        .filter_map(|(camera, _)| {
-            if let Some(NormalizedRenderTarget::Window(window_ref)) =
+        .filter(|(_, _, camera_ui)| !is_ui_disabled(*camera_ui))
+        .filter_map(|(entity, camera, _)| {
+            // Interactions are only supported for cameras rendering to a window.
+            let Some(NormalizedRenderTarget::Window(window_ref)) =
                 camera.target.normalize(primary_window)
-            {
-                Some(window_ref)
-            } else {
-                None
-            }
-        })
-        .find_map(|window_ref| {
+            else {
+                return None;
+            };
+
+            let viewport_position = camera
+                .logical_viewport_rect()
+                .map(|rect| rect.min)
+                .unwrap_or_default();
             windows
                 .get(window_ref.entity())
                 .ok()
                 .and_then(|window| window.cursor_position())
+                .or_else(|| touches_input.first_pressed_position())
+                .map(|cursor_position| (entity, cursor_position - viewport_position))
         })
-        .or_else(|| touches_input.first_pressed_position())
         // The cursor position returned by `Window` only takes into account the window scale factor and not `UiScale`.
         // To convert the cursor position to logical UI viewport coordinates we have to divide it by `UiScale`.
-        .map(|cursor_position| cursor_position / ui_scale.0 as f32);
+        .map(|(entity, cursor_position)| (entity, cursor_position / ui_scale.0 as f32))
+        .collect();
 
     // prepare an iterator that contains all the nodes that have the cursor in their rect,
     // from the top node to the bottom one. this will also reset the interaction to `None`
@@ -202,59 +209,70 @@ pub fn ui_focus_system(
         // reverse the iterator to traverse the tree from closest nodes to furthest
         .rev()
         .filter_map(|entity| {
-            if let Ok(node) = node_query.get_mut(*entity) {
-                // Nodes that are not rendered should not be interactable
-                if let Some(view_visibility) = node.view_visibility {
-                    if !view_visibility.get() {
-                        // Reset their interaction to None to avoid strange stuck state
-                        if let Some(mut interaction) = node.interaction {
-                            // We cannot simply set the interaction to None, as that will trigger change detection repeatedly
-                            interaction.set_if_neq(Interaction::None);
-                        }
+            let Ok(node) = node_query.get_mut(*entity) else {
+                return None;
+            };
 
-                        return None;
-                    }
+            let Some(view_visibility) = node.view_visibility else {
+                return None;
+            };
+            // Nodes that are not rendered should not be interactable
+            if !view_visibility.get() {
+                // Reset their interaction to None to avoid strange stuck state
+                if let Some(mut interaction) = node.interaction {
+                    // We cannot simply set the interaction to None, as that will trigger change detection repeatedly
+                    interaction.set_if_neq(Interaction::None);
                 }
+                return None;
+            }
+            let Some(camera_entity) = node
+                .target_camera
+                .map(TargetCamera::entity)
+                .or(default_single_camera)
+            else {
+                return None;
+            };
 
-                let position = node.global_transform.translation();
-                let ui_position = position.truncate();
-                let extents = node.node.size() / 2.0;
-                let mut min = ui_position - extents;
-                if let Some(clip) = node.calculated_clip {
-                    min = Vec2::max(min, clip.clip.min);
-                }
+            let cursor_position = camera_cursor_positions
+                .iter()
+                .find_map(|(entity, position)| {
+                    if *entity == camera_entity {
+                        Some(*position)
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    }
+                });
 
-                // The mouse position relative to the node
-                // (0., 0.) is the top-left corner, (1., 1.) is the bottom-right corner
-                let relative_cursor_position = cursor_position
-                    .map(|cursor_position| (cursor_position - min) / node.node.size());
+            let node_rect = node.node.logical_rect(node.global_transform);
 
-                // If the current cursor position is within the bounds of the node, consider it for
-                // clicking
-                let relative_cursor_position_component = RelativeCursorPosition {
-                    normalized: relative_cursor_position,
-                };
+            // The mouse position relative to the node
+            // (0., 0.) is the top-left corner, (1., 1.) is the bottom-right corner
+            // Coordinates are relative to the entire node, not just the visible region.
+            let relative_cursor_position = cursor_position
+                .map(|cursor_position| (cursor_position - node_rect.min) / node_rect.size());
 
-                let contains_cursor = relative_cursor_position_component.mouse_over();
+            // If the current cursor position is within the bounds of the node's visible area, consider it for
+            // clicking
+            let relative_cursor_position_component = RelativeCursorPosition {
+                normalized: relative_cursor_position,
+            };
 
-                // Save the relative cursor position to the correct component
-                if let Some(mut node_relative_cursor_position_component) =
-                    node.relative_cursor_position
-                {
-                    *node_relative_cursor_position_component = relative_cursor_position_component;
-                }
+            let contains_cursor = relative_cursor_position_component.mouse_over();
 
-                if contains_cursor {
-                    Some(*entity)
-                } else {
-                    if let Some(mut interaction) = node.interaction {
-                        if *interaction == Interaction::Hovered || (cursor_position.is_none()) {
-                            interaction.set_if_neq(Interaction::None);
-                        }
+            // Save the relative cursor position to the correct component
+            if let Some(mut node_relative_cursor_position_component) = node.relative_cursor_position
+            {
+                *node_relative_cursor_position_component = relative_cursor_position_component;
+            }
+
+            if contains_cursor {
+                Some(*entity)
+            } else {
+                if let Some(mut interaction) = node.interaction {
+                    if *interaction == Interaction::Hovered || (cursor_position.is_none()) {
+                        interaction.set_if_neq(Interaction::None);
                     }
-                    None
                 }
-            } else {
                 None
             }
         })
diff --git a/crates/bevy_ui/src/layout/debug.rs b/crates/bevy_ui/src/layout/debug.rs
index c47b2ca8e802b..37fb5c2b88845 100644
--- a/crates/bevy_ui/src/layout/debug.rs
+++ b/crates/bevy_ui/src/layout/debug.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ pub fn print_ui_layout_tree(ui_surface: &UiSurface) {
         .iter()
         .map(|(entity, node)| (*node, *entity))
         .collect();
-    for (&entity, roots) in &ui_surface.window_roots {
+    for (&entity, roots) in &ui_surface.camera_roots {
         let mut out = String::new();
         for root in roots {
             print_node(
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ pub fn print_ui_layout_tree(ui_surface: &UiSurface) {
                 &mut out,
             );
         }
-        bevy_log::info!("Layout tree for window entity: {entity:?}\n{out}");
+        bevy_log::info!("Layout tree for camera entity: {entity:?}\n{out}");
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/bevy_ui/src/layout/mod.rs b/crates/bevy_ui/src/layout/mod.rs
index d404431b1bf26..6e7788ed7991d 100644
--- a/crates/bevy_ui/src/layout/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/bevy_ui/src/layout/mod.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 mod convert;
 pub mod debug;
 
-use crate::{ContentSize, Node, Outline, Style, UiScale};
+use crate::{ContentSize, Node, Outline, Style, TargetCamera, UiScale};
 use bevy_ecs::{
     change_detection::{DetectChanges, DetectChangesMut},
     entity::Entity,
@@ -13,10 +13,11 @@ use bevy_ecs::{
 };
 use bevy_hierarchy::{Children, Parent};
 use bevy_log::warn;
-use bevy_math::Vec2;
+use bevy_math::{UVec2, Vec2};
+use bevy_render::camera::{Camera, NormalizedRenderTarget};
 use bevy_transform::components::Transform;
-use bevy_utils::{default, HashMap};
-use bevy_window::{PrimaryWindow, Window, WindowResolution, WindowScaleFactorChanged};
+use bevy_utils::{default, HashMap, HashSet};
+use bevy_window::{PrimaryWindow, Window, WindowScaleFactorChanged};
 use std::fmt;
 use taffy::Taffy;
 use thiserror::Error;
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ struct RootNodePair {
 #[derive(Resource)]
 pub struct UiSurface {
     entity_to_taffy: HashMap<Entity, taffy::node::Node>,
-    window_roots: HashMap<Entity, Vec<RootNodePair>>,
+    camera_roots: HashMap<Entity, Vec<RootNodePair>>,
     taffy: Taffy,
 }
 
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for UiSurface {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
         f.debug_struct("UiSurface")
             .field("entity_to_taffy", &self.entity_to_taffy)
-            .field("window_nodes", &self.window_roots)
+            .field("camera_roots", &self.camera_roots)
             .finish()
     }
 }
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ impl Default for UiSurface {
         taffy.disable_rounding();
         Self {
             entity_to_taffy: Default::default(),
-            window_roots: Default::default(),
+            camera_roots: Default::default(),
             taffy,
         }
     }
@@ -142,9 +143,9 @@ without UI components as a child of an entity with UI components, results may be
     }
 
     /// Set the ui node entities without a [`Parent`] as children to the root node in the taffy layout.
-    pub fn set_window_children(
+    pub fn set_camera_children(
         &mut self,
-        window_id: Entity,
+        camera_id: Entity,
         children: impl Iterator<Item = Entity>,
     ) {
         let viewport_style = taffy::style::Style {
@@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ without UI components as a child of an entity with UI components, results may be
             ..default()
         };
 
-        let existing_roots = self.window_roots.entry(window_id).or_default();
+        let existing_roots = self.camera_roots.entry(camera_id).or_default();
         let mut new_roots = Vec::new();
         for entity in children {
             let node = *self.entity_to_taffy.get(&entity).unwrap();
@@ -185,18 +186,20 @@ without UI components as a child of an entity with UI components, results may be
             }
         }
 
-        self.window_roots.insert(window_id, new_roots);
+        self.camera_roots.insert(camera_id, new_roots);
     }
 
     /// Compute the layout for each window entity's corresponding root node in the layout.
-    pub fn compute_window_layout(&mut self, window: Entity, window_resolution: &WindowResolution) {
+    pub fn compute_camera_layout(&mut self, camera: Entity, render_target_resolution: UVec2) {
+        let Some(camera_root_nodes) = self.camera_roots.get(&camera) else {
+            return;
+        };
+
         let available_space = taffy::geometry::Size {
-            width: taffy::style::AvailableSpace::Definite(window_resolution.physical_width() as f32),
-            height: taffy::style::AvailableSpace::Definite(
-                window_resolution.physical_height() as f32
-            ),
+            width: taffy::style::AvailableSpace::Definite(render_target_resolution.x as f32),
+            height: taffy::style::AvailableSpace::Definite(render_target_resolution.y as f32),
         };
-        for root_nodes in self.window_roots.entry(window).or_default() {
+        for root_nodes in camera_root_nodes {
             self.taffy
                 .compute_layout(root_nodes.implicit_viewport_node, available_space)
                 .unwrap();
@@ -241,64 +244,110 @@ pub enum LayoutError {
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub fn ui_layout_system(
     primary_window: Query<(Entity, &Window), With<PrimaryWindow>>,
-    windows: Query<(Entity, &Window)>,
+    cameras: Query<(Entity, &Camera)>,
     ui_scale: Res<UiScale>,
     mut scale_factor_events: EventReader<WindowScaleFactorChanged>,
     mut resize_events: EventReader<bevy_window::WindowResized>,
     mut ui_surface: ResMut<UiSurface>,
-    root_node_query: Query<Entity, (With<Node>, Without<Parent>)>,
-    style_query: Query<(Entity, Ref<Style>), With<Node>>,
+    root_node_query: Query<(Entity, Option<&TargetCamera>), (With<Node>, Without<Parent>)>,
+    style_query: Query<(Entity, Ref<Style>, Option<&TargetCamera>), With<Node>>,
     mut measure_query: Query<(Entity, &mut ContentSize)>,
     children_query: Query<(Entity, Ref<Children>), With<Node>>,
     just_children_query: Query<&Children>,
     mut removed_children: RemovedComponents<Children>,
     mut removed_content_sizes: RemovedComponents<ContentSize>,
-    mut node_transform_query: Query<(&mut Node, &mut Transform)>,
     mut removed_nodes: RemovedComponents<Node>,
+    mut node_transform_query: Query<(&mut Node, &mut Transform)>,
 ) {
-    // assume one window for time being...
-    // TODO: Support window-independent scaling: https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/issues/5621
-    let (primary_window_entity, logical_to_physical_factor, physical_size) =
-        if let Ok((entity, primary_window)) = primary_window.get_single() {
-            (
-                entity,
-                primary_window.resolution.scale_factor(),
-                Vec2::new(
-                    primary_window.resolution.physical_width() as f32,
-                    primary_window.resolution.physical_height() as f32,
-                ),
-            )
-        } else {
-            return;
-        };
-
-    let resized = resize_events
-        .read()
-        .any(|resized_window| resized_window.window == primary_window_entity);
-
-    let scale_factor = logical_to_physical_factor * ui_scale.0;
-
-    let layout_context = LayoutContext::new(scale_factor, physical_size);
-
-    if !scale_factor_events.is_empty() || ui_scale.is_changed() || resized {
-        scale_factor_events.clear();
-        // update all nodes
-        for (entity, style) in style_query.iter() {
-            ui_surface.upsert_node(entity, &style, &layout_context);
+    struct CameraLayoutInfo {
+        size: UVec2,
+        resized: bool,
+        scale_factor: f64,
+        root_nodes: Vec<Entity>,
+    }
+
+    // If there is only one camera, we use it as default
+    let default_single_camera = cameras.get_single().ok().map(|(entity, _)| entity);
+    let camera_with_default = |target_camera: Option<&TargetCamera>| {
+        target_camera
+            .map(TargetCamera::entity)
+            .or(default_single_camera)
+    };
+
+    let resized_windows: HashSet<Entity> = resize_events.read().map(|event| event.window).collect();
+    let calculate_camera_layout_info = |camera: &Camera| {
+        let size = camera.physical_viewport_size().unwrap_or(UVec2::ZERO);
+        let scale_factor = camera.target_scaling_factor().unwrap_or(1.0);
+        let camera_target = camera
+            .target
+            .normalize(primary_window.get_single().map(|(e, _)| e).ok());
+        let resized = matches!(camera_target,
+          Some(NormalizedRenderTarget::Window(window_ref)) if resized_windows.contains(&window_ref.entity())
+        );
+        CameraLayoutInfo {
+            size,
+            resized,
+            scale_factor: scale_factor * ui_scale.0,
+            root_nodes: Vec::new(),
         }
-    } else {
-        for (entity, style) in style_query.iter() {
-            if style.is_changed() {
+    };
+
+    // Precalculate the layout info for each camera, so we have fast access to it for each node
+    let mut camera_layout_info: HashMap<Entity, CameraLayoutInfo> = HashMap::new();
+    for (entity, target_camera) in &root_node_query {
+        match camera_with_default(target_camera) {
+            Some(camera_entity) => {
+                let Ok((_, camera)) = cameras.get(camera_entity) else {
+                    warn!(
+                        "TargetCamera is pointing to a camera {:?} which doesn't exist",
+                        camera_entity
+                    );
+                    continue;
+                };
+                let layout_info = camera_layout_info
+                    .entry(camera_entity)
+                    .or_insert_with(|| calculate_camera_layout_info(camera));
+                layout_info.root_nodes.push(entity);
+            }
+            None => {
+                if cameras.is_empty() {
+                    warn!("No camera found to render UI to. To fix this, add at least one camera to the scene.");
+                } else {
+                    warn!(
+                        "Multiple cameras found, causing UI target ambiguity. \
+                        To fix this, add an explicit `TargetCamera` component to the root UI node {:?}",
+                        entity
+                    );
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Resize all nodes
+    for (entity, style, target_camera) in style_query.iter() {
+        if let Some(camera) =
+            camera_with_default(target_camera).and_then(|c| camera_layout_info.get(&c))
+        {
+            if camera.resized
+                || !scale_factor_events.is_empty()
+                || ui_scale.is_changed()
+                || style.is_changed()
+            {
+                let layout_context = LayoutContext::new(
+                    camera.scale_factor,
+                    [camera.size.x as f32, camera.size.y as f32].into(),
+                );
                 ui_surface.upsert_node(entity, &style, &layout_context);
             }
         }
     }
+    scale_factor_events.clear();
 
     // When a `ContentSize` component is removed from an entity, we need to remove the measure from the corresponding taffy node.
     for entity in removed_content_sizes.read() {
         ui_surface.try_remove_measure(entity);
     }
-
     for (entity, mut content_size) in &mut measure_query {
         if let Some(measure_func) = content_size.measure_func.take() {
             ui_surface.update_measure(entity, measure_func);
@@ -308,8 +357,10 @@ pub fn ui_layout_system(
     // clean up removed nodes
     ui_surface.remove_entities(removed_nodes.read());
 
-    // update window children (for now assuming all Nodes live in the primary window)
-    ui_surface.set_window_children(primary_window_entity, root_node_query.iter());
+    // update camera children
+    for (camera_id, CameraLayoutInfo { root_nodes, .. }) in &camera_layout_info {
+        ui_surface.set_camera_children(*camera_id, root_nodes.iter().cloned());
+    }
 
     // update and remove children
     for entity in removed_children.read() {
@@ -321,12 +372,22 @@ pub fn ui_layout_system(
         }
     }
 
-    // compute layouts
-    for (entity, window) in windows.iter() {
-        ui_surface.compute_window_layout(entity, &window.resolution);
-    }
+    for (camera_id, camera) in &camera_layout_info {
+        let inverse_target_scale_factor = camera.scale_factor.recip();
 
-    let inverse_target_scale_factor = 1. / scale_factor;
+        ui_surface.compute_camera_layout(*camera_id, camera.size);
+        for root in &camera.root_nodes {
+            update_uinode_geometry_recursive(
+                *root,
+                &ui_surface,
+                &mut node_transform_query,
+                &just_children_query,
+                inverse_target_scale_factor as f32,
+                Vec2::ZERO,
+                Vec2::ZERO,
+            );
+        }
+    }
 
     fn update_uinode_geometry_recursive(
         entity: Entity,
@@ -375,18 +436,6 @@ pub fn ui_layout_system(
             }
         }
     }
-
-    for entity in root_node_query.iter() {
-        update_uinode_geometry_recursive(
-            entity,
-            &ui_surface,
-            &mut node_transform_query,
-            &just_children_query,
-            inverse_target_scale_factor as f32,
-            Vec2::ZERO,
-            Vec2::ZERO,
-        );
-    }
 }
 
 /// Resolve and update the widths of Node outlines
@@ -450,10 +499,16 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::layout::round_layout_coords;
     use crate::prelude::*;
     use crate::ui_layout_system;
+    use crate::update::update_target_camera_system;
     use crate::ContentSize;
     use crate::UiSurface;
+    use bevy_asset::AssetEvent;
+    use bevy_asset::Assets;
+    use bevy_core_pipeline::core_2d::Camera2dBundle;
     use bevy_ecs::entity::Entity;
     use bevy_ecs::event::Events;
+    use bevy_ecs::schedule::apply_deferred;
+    use bevy_ecs::schedule::IntoSystemConfigs;
     use bevy_ecs::schedule::Schedule;
     use bevy_ecs::world::World;
     use bevy_hierarchy::despawn_with_children_recursive;
@@ -461,10 +516,14 @@ mod tests {
     use bevy_hierarchy::Children;
     use bevy_math::vec2;
     use bevy_math::Vec2;
+    use bevy_render::camera::ManualTextureViews;
+    use bevy_render::camera::OrthographicProjection;
+    use bevy_render::texture::Image;
     use bevy_utils::prelude::default;
     use bevy_utils::HashMap;
     use bevy_window::PrimaryWindow;
     use bevy_window::Window;
+    use bevy_window::WindowCreated;
     use bevy_window::WindowResized;
     use bevy_window::WindowResolution;
     use bevy_window::WindowScaleFactorChanged;
@@ -485,18 +544,33 @@ mod tests {
         world.init_resource::<UiSurface>();
         world.init_resource::<Events<WindowScaleFactorChanged>>();
         world.init_resource::<Events<WindowResized>>();
+        // Required for the camera system
+        world.init_resource::<Events<WindowCreated>>();
+        world.init_resource::<Events<AssetEvent<Image>>>();
+        world.init_resource::<Assets<Image>>();
+        world.init_resource::<ManualTextureViews>();
 
-        // spawn a dummy primary window
+        // spawn a dummy primary window and camera
         world.spawn((
             Window {
                 resolution: WindowResolution::new(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT),
-                ..Default::default()
+                ..default()
             },
             PrimaryWindow,
         ));
+        world.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());
 
         let mut ui_schedule = Schedule::default();
-        ui_schedule.add_systems(ui_layout_system);
+        ui_schedule.add_systems(
+            (
+                // UI is driven by calculated camera target info, so we need to run the camera system first
+                bevy_render::camera::camera_system::<OrthographicProjection>,
+                update_target_camera_system,
+                apply_deferred,
+                ui_layout_system,
+            )
+                .chain(),
+        );
 
         (world, ui_schedule)
     }
diff --git a/crates/bevy_ui/src/lib.rs b/crates/bevy_ui/src/lib.rs
index e72eb5ea777d2..a194348ba595e 100644
--- a/crates/bevy_ui/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/bevy_ui/src/lib.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ use bevy_render::{extract_component::ExtractComponentPlugin, texture::Image, Ren
 use bevy_transform::TransformSystem;
 use stack::ui_stack_system;
 pub use stack::UiStack;
-use update::update_clipping_system;
+use update::{update_clipping_system, update_target_camera_system};
 
 /// The basic plugin for Bevy UI
 #[derive(Default)]
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ impl Plugin for UiPlugin {
             .register_type::<RelativeCursorPosition>()
             .register_type::<RepeatedGridTrack>()
             .register_type::<Style>()
+            .register_type::<TargetCamera>()
             .register_type::<UiCameraConfig>()
             .register_type::<UiImage>()
             .register_type::<UiImageSize>()
@@ -175,13 +176,18 @@ impl Plugin for UiPlugin {
 
             system
         });
-        app.add_systems(
-            PostUpdate,
-            widget::update_atlas_content_size_system.before(UiSystem::Layout),
-        );
+
         app.add_systems(
             PostUpdate,
             (
+                (
+                    widget::update_atlas_content_size_system,
+                    update_target_camera_system,
+                )
+                    .before(UiSystem::Layout),
+                apply_deferred
+                    .after(update_target_camera_system)
+                    .before(UiSystem::Layout),
                 ui_layout_system
                     .in_set(UiSystem::Layout)
                     .before(TransformSystem::TransformPropagate),
diff --git a/crates/bevy_ui/src/render/mod.rs b/crates/bevy_ui/src/render/mod.rs
index f63fd1a0dc36c..4f26030eb5771 100644
--- a/crates/bevy_ui/src/render/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/bevy_ui/src/render/mod.rs
@@ -4,19 +4,19 @@ mod ui_material_pipeline;
 
 use bevy_core_pipeline::{core_2d::Camera2d, core_3d::Camera3d};
 use bevy_hierarchy::Parent;
-use bevy_render::render_phase::PhaseItem;
-use bevy_render::view::ViewVisibility;
-use bevy_render::{render_resource::BindGroupEntries, ExtractSchedule, Render};
-use bevy_window::{PrimaryWindow, Window};
+use bevy_render::{
+    render_phase::PhaseItem, render_resource::BindGroupEntries, view::ViewVisibility,
+    ExtractSchedule, Render,
+};
 pub use pipeline::*;
 pub use render_pass::*;
 pub use ui_material_pipeline::*;
 
-use crate::Outline;
 use crate::{
     prelude::UiCameraConfig, BackgroundColor, BorderColor, CalculatedClip, ContentSize, Node,
     Style, UiImage, UiScale, UiTextureAtlasImage, Val,
 };
+use crate::{Outline, TargetCamera};
 
 use bevy_app::prelude::*;
 use bevy_asset::{load_internal_asset, AssetEvent, AssetId, Assets, Handle};
@@ -163,6 +163,10 @@ pub struct ExtractedUiNode {
     pub clip: Option<Rect>,
     pub flip_x: bool,
     pub flip_y: bool,
+    // Camera to render this UI node to. By the time it is extracted,
+    // it is defaulted to a single camera if only one exists.
+    // Nodes with ambiguous camera will be ignored.
+    pub camera_entity: Entity,
 }
 
 #[derive(Resource, Default)]
@@ -174,6 +178,7 @@ pub fn extract_atlas_uinodes(
     mut extracted_uinodes: ResMut<ExtractedUiNodes>,
     images: Extract<Res<Assets<Image>>>,
     texture_atlases: Extract<Res<Assets<TextureAtlas>>>,
+    camera_query: Extract<Query<Entity, With<Camera>>>,
     uinode_query: Extract<
         Query<
             (
@@ -185,11 +190,14 @@ pub fn extract_atlas_uinodes(
                 Option<&CalculatedClip>,
                 &Handle<TextureAtlas>,
                 &UiTextureAtlasImage,
+                Option<&TargetCamera>,
             ),
             Without<UiImage>,
         >,
     >,
 ) {
+    // If there is only one camera, we use it as default
+    let default_single_camera = camera_query.get_single().ok();
     for (
         entity,
         uinode,
@@ -199,8 +207,12 @@ pub fn extract_atlas_uinodes(
         clip,
         texture_atlas_handle,
         atlas_image,
+        camera,
     ) in uinode_query.iter()
     {
+        let Some(camera_entity) = camera.map(TargetCamera::entity).or(default_single_camera) else {
+            continue;
+        };
         // Skip invisible and completely transparent nodes
         if !view_visibility.get() || color.0.is_fully_transparent() {
             continue;
@@ -250,6 +262,7 @@ pub fn extract_atlas_uinodes(
                 atlas_size: Some(atlas_size),
                 flip_x: atlas_image.flip_x,
                 flip_y: atlas_image.flip_y,
+                camera_entity,
             },
         );
     }
@@ -270,7 +283,7 @@ pub(crate) fn resolve_border_thickness(value: Val, parent_width: f32, viewport_s
 pub fn extract_uinode_borders(
     mut commands: Commands,
     mut extracted_uinodes: ResMut<ExtractedUiNodes>,
-    windows: Extract<Query<&Window, With<PrimaryWindow>>>,
+    camera_query: Extract<Query<(Entity, &Camera)>>,
     ui_scale: Extract<Res<UiScale>>,
     uinode_query: Extract<
         Query<
@@ -282,25 +295,23 @@ pub fn extract_uinode_borders(
                 Option<&Parent>,
                 &ViewVisibility,
                 Option<&CalculatedClip>,
+                Option<&TargetCamera>,
             ),
             Without<ContentSize>,
         >,
     >,
     node_query: Extract<Query<&Node>>,
 ) {
+    // If there is only one camera, we use it as default
+    let default_single_camera = camera_query.get_single().ok().map(|(entity, _)| entity);
     let image = AssetId::<Image>::default();
 
-    let ui_logical_viewport_size = windows
-        .get_single()
-        .map(|window| Vec2::new(window.resolution.width(), window.resolution.height()))
-        .unwrap_or(Vec2::ZERO)
-        // The logical window resolution returned by `Window` only takes into account the window scale factor and not `UiScale`,
-        // so we have to divide by `UiScale` to get the size of the UI viewport.
-        / ui_scale.0 as f32;
-
-    for (node, global_transform, style, border_color, parent, view_visibility, clip) in
-        uinode_query.iter()
+    for (node, global_transform, style, border_color, parent, view_visibility, clip, camera) in
+        &uinode_query
     {
+        let Some(camera_entity) = camera.map(TargetCamera::entity).or(default_single_camera) else {
+            continue;
+        };
         // Skip invisible borders
         if !view_visibility.get()
             || border_color.0.is_fully_transparent()
@@ -310,6 +321,15 @@ pub fn extract_uinode_borders(
             continue;
         }
 
+        let ui_logical_viewport_size = camera_query
+            .get(camera_entity)
+            .ok()
+            .and_then(|(_, c)| c.logical_viewport_size())
+            .unwrap_or(Vec2::ZERO)
+            // The logical window resolution returned by `Window` only takes into account the window scale factor and not `UiScale`,
+            // so we have to divide by `UiScale` to get the size of the UI viewport.
+            / ui_scale.0 as f32;
+
         // Both vertical and horizontal percentage border values are calculated based on the width of the parent node
         // <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/border-width>
         let parent_width = parent
@@ -374,6 +394,7 @@ pub fn extract_uinode_borders(
                         clip: clip.map(|clip| clip.clip),
                         flip_x: false,
                         flip_y: false,
+                        camera_entity,
                     },
                 );
             }
@@ -384,6 +405,7 @@ pub fn extract_uinode_borders(
 pub fn extract_uinode_outlines(
     mut commands: Commands,
     mut extracted_uinodes: ResMut<ExtractedUiNodes>,
+    camera_query: Extract<Query<Entity, With<Camera>>>,
     uinode_query: Extract<
         Query<(
             &Node,
@@ -391,12 +413,18 @@ pub fn extract_uinode_outlines(
             &Outline,
             &ViewVisibility,
             Option<&Parent>,
+            Option<&TargetCamera>,
         )>,
     >,
     clip_query: Query<&CalculatedClip>,
 ) {
+    // If there is only one camera, we use it as default
+    let default_single_camera = camera_query.get_single().ok();
     let image = AssetId::<Image>::default();
-    for (node, global_transform, outline, view_visibility, maybe_parent) in uinode_query.iter() {
+    for (node, global_transform, outline, view_visibility, maybe_parent, camera) in &uinode_query {
+        let Some(camera_entity) = camera.map(TargetCamera::entity).or(default_single_camera) else {
+            continue;
+        };
         // Skip invisible outlines
         if !view_visibility.get()
             || outline.color.is_fully_transparent()
@@ -463,6 +491,7 @@ pub fn extract_uinode_outlines(
                         clip,
                         flip_x: false,
                         flip_y: false,
+                        camera_entity,
                     },
                 );
             }
@@ -473,6 +502,7 @@ pub fn extract_uinode_outlines(
 pub fn extract_uinodes(
     mut extracted_uinodes: ResMut<ExtractedUiNodes>,
     images: Extract<Res<Assets<Image>>>,
+    camera_query: Extract<Query<Entity, With<Camera>>>,
     uinode_query: Extract<
         Query<
             (
@@ -483,14 +513,20 @@ pub fn extract_uinodes(
                 Option<&UiImage>,
                 &ViewVisibility,
                 Option<&CalculatedClip>,
+                Option<&TargetCamera>,
             ),
             Without<UiTextureAtlasImage>,
         >,
     >,
 ) {
-    for (entity, uinode, transform, color, maybe_image, view_visibility, clip) in
+    // If there is only one camera, we use it as default
+    let default_single_camera = camera_query.get_single().ok();
+    for (entity, uinode, transform, color, maybe_image, view_visibility, clip, camera) in
         uinode_query.iter()
     {
+        let Some(camera_entity) = camera.map(TargetCamera::entity).or(default_single_camera) else {
+            continue;
+        };
         // Skip invisible and completely transparent nodes
         if !view_visibility.get() || color.0.is_fully_transparent() {
             continue;
@@ -521,6 +557,7 @@ pub fn extract_uinodes(
                 atlas_size: None,
                 flip_x,
                 flip_y,
+                camera_entity,
             },
         );
     }
@@ -551,6 +588,12 @@ pub fn extract_default_ui_camera_view<T: Component>(
         if matches!(camera_ui, Some(&UiCameraConfig { show_ui: false, .. })) {
             continue;
         }
+
+        // ignore inactive cameras
+        if !camera.is_active {
+            continue;
+        }
+
         if let (
             Some(logical_size),
             Some(URect {
@@ -603,8 +646,8 @@ pub fn extract_default_ui_camera_view<T: Component>(
 pub fn extract_text_uinodes(
     mut commands: Commands,
     mut extracted_uinodes: ResMut<ExtractedUiNodes>,
+    camera_query: Extract<Query<(Entity, &Camera)>>,
     texture_atlases: Extract<Res<Assets<TextureAtlas>>>,
-    windows: Extract<Query<&Window, With<PrimaryWindow>>>,
     ui_scale: Extract<Res<UiScale>>,
     uinode_query: Extract<
         Query<(
@@ -614,25 +657,31 @@ pub fn extract_text_uinodes(
             &TextLayoutInfo,
             &ViewVisibility,
             Option<&CalculatedClip>,
+            Option<&TargetCamera>,
         )>,
     >,
 ) {
-    // TODO: Support window-independent UI scale: https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/issues/5621
-    let scale_factor = windows
-        .get_single()
-        .map(|window| window.resolution.scale_factor())
-        .unwrap_or(1.0)
-        * ui_scale.0;
-
-    let inverse_scale_factor = (scale_factor as f32).recip();
-
-    for (uinode, global_transform, text, text_layout_info, view_visibility, clip) in
+    // If there is only one camera, we use it as default
+    let default_single_camera = camera_query.get_single().ok().map(|(entity, _)| entity);
+    for (uinode, global_transform, text, text_layout_info, view_visibility, clip, camera) in
         uinode_query.iter()
     {
+        let Some(camera_entity) = camera.map(TargetCamera::entity).or(default_single_camera) else {
+            continue;
+        };
         // Skip if not visible or if size is set to zero (e.g. when a parent is set to `Display::None`)
         if !view_visibility.get() || uinode.size().x == 0. || uinode.size().y == 0. {
             continue;
         }
+
+        let scale_factor = (camera_query
+            .get(camera_entity)
+            .ok()
+            .and_then(|(_, c)| c.target_scaling_factor())
+            .unwrap_or(1.0)
+            * ui_scale.0) as f32;
+        let inverse_scale_factor = scale_factor.recip();
+
         let transform = global_transform.compute_matrix()
             * Mat4::from_translation(-0.5 * uinode.size().extend(0.));
 
@@ -667,6 +716,7 @@ pub fn extract_text_uinodes(
                     clip: clip.map(|clip| clip.clip),
                     flip_x: false,
                     flip_y: false,
+                    camera_entity,
                 },
             );
         }
@@ -710,6 +760,7 @@ pub(crate) const QUAD_INDICES: [usize; 6] = [0, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2];
 pub struct UiBatch {
     pub range: Range<u32>,
     pub image: AssetId<Image>,
+    pub camera: Entity,
 }
 
 const TEXTURED_QUAD: u32 = 0;
@@ -725,30 +776,29 @@ pub fn queue_uinodes(
     draw_functions: Res<DrawFunctions<TransparentUi>>,
 ) {
     let draw_function = draw_functions.read().id::<DrawUi>();
-    for (view, mut transparent_phase) in &mut views {
+    for (entity, extracted_uinode) in extracted_uinodes.uinodes.iter() {
+        let Ok((view, mut transparent_phase)) = views.get_mut(extracted_uinode.camera_entity)
+        else {
+            continue;
+        };
+
         let pipeline = pipelines.specialize(
             &pipeline_cache,
             &ui_pipeline,
             UiPipelineKey { hdr: view.hdr },
         );
-        transparent_phase
-            .items
-            .reserve(extracted_uinodes.uinodes.len());
-
-        for (entity, extracted_uinode) in extracted_uinodes.uinodes.iter() {
-            transparent_phase.add(TransparentUi {
-                draw_function,
-                pipeline,
-                entity: *entity,
-                sort_key: (
-                    FloatOrd(extracted_uinode.stack_index as f32),
-                    entity.index(),
-                ),
-                // batch_range will be calculated in prepare_uinodes
-                batch_range: 0..0,
-                dynamic_offset: None,
-            });
-        }
+        transparent_phase.add(TransparentUi {
+            draw_function,
+            pipeline,
+            entity: *entity,
+            sort_key: (
+                FloatOrd(extracted_uinode.stack_index as f32),
+                entity.index(),
+            ),
+            // batch_range will be calculated in prepare_uinodes
+            batch_range: 0..0,
+            dynamic_offset: None,
+        });
     }
 }
 
@@ -810,6 +860,8 @@ pub fn prepare_uinodes(
                         || (batch_image_handle != AssetId::default()
                             && extracted_uinode.image != AssetId::default()
                             && batch_image_handle != extracted_uinode.image)
+                        || existing_batch.as_ref().map(|(_, b)| b.camera)
+                            != Some(extracted_uinode.camera_entity)
                     {
                         if let Some(gpu_image) = gpu_images.get(extracted_uinode.image) {
                             batch_item_index = item_index;
@@ -818,6 +870,7 @@ pub fn prepare_uinodes(
                             let new_batch = UiBatch {
                                 range: index..index,
                                 image: extracted_uinode.image,
+                                camera: extracted_uinode.camera_entity,
                             };
 
                             batches.push((item.entity, new_batch));
diff --git a/crates/bevy_ui/src/render/render_pass.rs b/crates/bevy_ui/src/render/render_pass.rs
index bde2898534cac..e1ebbdbc934eb 100644
--- a/crates/bevy_ui/src/render/render_pass.rs
+++ b/crates/bevy_ui/src/render/render_pass.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use bevy_ecs::{
     system::{lifetimeless::*, SystemParamItem},
 };
 use bevy_render::{
+    camera::ExtractedCamera,
     render_graph::*,
     render_phase::*,
     render_resource::{CachedRenderPipelineId, LoadOp, Operations, RenderPassDescriptor},
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ pub struct UiPassNode {
         (
             &'static RenderPhase<TransparentUi>,
             &'static ViewTarget,
+            &'static ExtractedCamera,
             Option<&'static UiCameraConfig>,
         ),
         With<ExtractedView>,
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ impl Node for UiPassNode {
     ) -> Result<(), NodeRunError> {
         let input_view_entity = graph.view_entity();
 
-        let Ok((transparent_phase, target, camera_ui)) =
+        let Ok((transparent_phase, target, camera, camera_ui)) =
             self.ui_view_query.get_manual(world, input_view_entity)
         else {
             return Ok(());
@@ -80,7 +82,9 @@ impl Node for UiPassNode {
             }))],
             depth_stencil_attachment: None,
         });
-
+        if let Some(viewport) = camera.viewport.as_ref() {
+            render_pass.set_camera_viewport(viewport);
+        }
         transparent_phase.render(&mut render_pass, world, view_entity);
 
         Ok(())
diff --git a/crates/bevy_ui/src/ui_node.rs b/crates/bevy_ui/src/ui_node.rs
index a02308566b446..c2f02475767e9 100644
--- a/crates/bevy_ui/src/ui_node.rs
+++ b/crates/bevy_ui/src/ui_node.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::{UiRect, Val};
 use bevy_asset::Handle;
-use bevy_ecs::{prelude::Component, reflect::ReflectComponent};
+use bevy_ecs::{entity::Entity, prelude::Component, reflect::ReflectComponent};
 use bevy_math::{Rect, Vec2};
 use bevy_reflect::prelude::*;
 use bevy_render::{color::Color, texture::Image};
@@ -1713,3 +1713,20 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(GridPlacement::end_span(-4, 12).get_start(), None);
     }
 }
+
+/// Indicates that this root [`Node`] entity should be rendered to a specific camera.
+/// UI then will be layed out respecting the camera's viewport and scale factor, and
+/// rendered to this camera's [`bevy_render::camera::RenderTarget`].
+///
+/// Setting this component on a non-root node will have no effect. It will be overriden
+/// by the root node's component.
+///
+/// Optional if there is only one camera in the world. Required otherwise.
+#[derive(Component, Clone, Debug, Reflect, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct TargetCamera(pub Entity);
+
+impl TargetCamera {
+    pub fn entity(&self) -> Entity {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/bevy_ui/src/update.rs b/crates/bevy_ui/src/update.rs
index dd524be5172e7..7a7909200c64b 100644
--- a/crates/bevy_ui/src/update.rs
+++ b/crates/bevy_ui/src/update.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 //! This module contains systems that update the UI when something changes
 
-use crate::{CalculatedClip, OverflowAxis, Style};
+use crate::{CalculatedClip, OverflowAxis, Style, TargetCamera};
 
 use super::Node;
 use bevy_ecs::{
     entity::Entity,
-    query::{With, Without},
+    query::{Changed, With, Without},
     system::{Commands, Query},
 };
 use bevy_hierarchy::{Children, Parent};
 use bevy_math::Rect;
 use bevy_transform::components::GlobalTransform;
+use bevy_utils::HashSet;
 
 /// Updates clipping for all nodes
 pub fn update_clipping_system(
@@ -92,3 +93,84 @@ fn update_clipping(
         }
     }
 }
+
+pub fn update_target_camera_system(
+    mut commands: Commands,
+    changed_root_nodes_query: Query<
+        (Entity, Option<&TargetCamera>),
+        (With<Node>, Without<Parent>, Changed<TargetCamera>),
+    >,
+    changed_children_query: Query<(Entity, Option<&TargetCamera>), (With<Node>, Changed<Children>)>,
+    children_query: Query<&Children, With<Node>>,
+    node_query: Query<Option<&TargetCamera>, With<Node>>,
+) {
+    // Track updated entities to prevent redundant updates, as `Commands` changes are deferred,
+    // and updates done for changed_children_query can overlap with itself or with root_node_query
+    let mut updated_entities = HashSet::new();
+
+    // Assuming that TargetCamera is manually set on the root node only,
+    // update root nodes first, since it implies the biggest change
+    for (root_node, target_camera) in &changed_root_nodes_query {
+        update_children_target_camera(
+            root_node,
+            target_camera,
+            &node_query,
+            &children_query,
+            &mut commands,
+            &mut updated_entities,
+        );
+    }
+
+    // If the root node TargetCamera was changed, then every child is updated
+    // by this point, and iteration will be skipped.
+    // Otherwise, update changed children
+    for (parent, target_camera) in &changed_children_query {
+        update_children_target_camera(
+            parent,
+            target_camera,
+            &node_query,
+            &children_query,
+            &mut commands,
+            &mut updated_entities,
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+fn update_children_target_camera(
+    entity: Entity,
+    camera_to_set: Option<&TargetCamera>,
+    node_query: &Query<Option<&TargetCamera>, With<Node>>,
+    children_query: &Query<&Children, With<Node>>,
+    commands: &mut Commands,
+    updated_entities: &mut HashSet<Entity>,
+) {
+    let Ok(children) = children_query.get(entity) else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    for &child in children {
+        // Skip if the child has already been updated or update is not needed
+        if updated_entities.contains(&child) || camera_to_set == node_query.get(child).unwrap() {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        match camera_to_set {
+            Some(camera) => {
+                commands.entity(child).insert(camera.clone());
+            }
+            None => {
+                commands.entity(child).remove::<TargetCamera>();
+            }
+        }
+        updated_entities.insert(child);
+
+        update_children_target_camera(
+            child,
+            camera_to_set,
+            node_query,
+            children_query,
+            commands,
+            updated_entities,
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/examples/3d/split_screen.rs b/examples/3d/split_screen.rs
index 1a0f215d6464f..94a9d9f7317b3 100644
--- a/examples/3d/split_screen.rs
+++ b/examples/3d/split_screen.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ fn main() {
     App::new()
         .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins)
         .add_systems(Startup, setup)
-        .add_systems(Update, set_camera_viewports)
+        .add_systems(Update, (set_camera_viewports, button_system))
         .run();
 }
 
@@ -52,32 +52,134 @@ fn setup(
     });
 
     // Left Camera
-    commands.spawn((
-        Camera3dBundle {
-            transform: Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 200.0, -100.0).looking_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y),
-            ..default()
-        },
-        LeftCamera,
-    ));
+    let left_camera = commands
+        .spawn((
+            Camera3dBundle {
+                transform: Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 200.0, -100.0).looking_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y),
+                ..default()
+            },
+            LeftCamera,
+        ))
+        .id();
 
     // Right Camera
-    commands.spawn((
-        Camera3dBundle {
-            transform: Transform::from_xyz(100.0, 100., 150.0).looking_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y),
-            camera: Camera {
-                // Renders the right camera after the left camera, which has a default priority of 0
-                order: 1,
+    let right_camera = commands
+        .spawn((
+            Camera3dBundle {
+                transform: Transform::from_xyz(100.0, 100., 150.0).looking_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y),
+                camera: Camera {
+                    // Renders the right camera after the left camera, which has a default priority of 0
+                    order: 1,
+                    ..default()
+                },
+                camera_3d: Camera3d {
+                    // don't clear on the second camera because the first camera already cleared the window
+                    clear_color: ClearColorConfig::None,
+                    ..default()
+                },
                 ..default()
             },
-            camera_3d: Camera3d {
-                // don't clear on the second camera because the first camera already cleared the window
-                clear_color: ClearColorConfig::None,
+            RightCamera,
+        ))
+        .id();
+
+    // Set up UI
+    commands
+        .spawn((
+            TargetCamera(left_camera),
+            NodeBundle {
+                style: Style {
+                    width: Val::Percent(100.),
+                    height: Val::Percent(100.),
+                    ..default()
+                },
                 ..default()
             },
-            ..default()
-        },
-        RightCamera,
-    ));
+        ))
+        .with_children(|parent| {
+            parent.spawn(TextBundle::from_section(
+                "Left",
+                TextStyle {
+                    font_size: 20.,
+                    ..default()
+                },
+            ));
+            buttons_panel(parent);
+        });
+
+    commands
+        .spawn((
+            TargetCamera(right_camera),
+            NodeBundle {
+                style: Style {
+                    width: Val::Percent(100.),
+                    height: Val::Percent(100.),
+                    ..default()
+                },
+                ..default()
+            },
+        ))
+        .with_children(|parent| {
+            parent.spawn(TextBundle::from_section(
+                "Right",
+                TextStyle {
+                    font_size: 20.,
+                    ..default()
+                },
+            ));
+            buttons_panel(parent);
+        });
+
+    fn buttons_panel(parent: &mut ChildBuilder) {
+        parent
+            .spawn(NodeBundle {
+                style: Style {
+                    position_type: PositionType::Absolute,
+                    width: Val::Percent(100.),
+                    height: Val::Percent(100.),
+                    display: Display::Flex,
+                    flex_direction: FlexDirection::Row,
+                    justify_content: JustifyContent::SpaceBetween,
+                    align_items: AlignItems::Center,
+                    padding: UiRect::all(Val::Px(20.)),
+                    ..default()
+                },
+                ..default()
+            })
+            .with_children(|parent| {
+                rotate_button(parent, "<", Direction::Left);
+                rotate_button(parent, ">", Direction::Right);
+            });
+    }
+
+    fn rotate_button(parent: &mut ChildBuilder, caption: &str, direction: Direction) {
+        parent
+            .spawn((
+                RotateCamera(direction),
+                ButtonBundle {
+                    style: Style {
+                        width: Val::Px(40.),
+                        height: Val::Px(40.),
+                        border: UiRect::all(Val::Px(2.)),
+                        justify_content: JustifyContent::Center,
+                        align_items: AlignItems::Center,
+                        ..default()
+                    },
+                    border_color: Color::WHITE.into(),
+                    background_color: Color::DARK_GRAY.into(),
+                    ..default()
+                },
+            ))
+            .with_children(|parent| {
+                parent.spawn(TextBundle::from_section(
+                    caption,
+                    TextStyle {
+                        font_size: 20.,
+                        ..default()
+                    },
+                ));
+            });
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Component)]
@@ -86,6 +188,14 @@ struct LeftCamera;
 #[derive(Component)]
 struct RightCamera;
 
+#[derive(Component)]
+struct RotateCamera(Direction);
+
+enum Direction {
+    Left,
+    Right,
+}
+
 fn set_camera_viewports(
     windows: Query<&Window>,
     mut resize_events: EventReader<WindowResized>,
@@ -118,3 +228,26 @@ fn set_camera_viewports(
         });
     }
 }
+
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+fn button_system(
+    interaction_query: Query<
+        (&Interaction, &TargetCamera, &RotateCamera),
+        (Changed<Interaction>, With<Button>),
+    >,
+    mut camera_query: Query<&mut Transform, With<Camera>>,
+) {
+    for (interaction, target_camera, RotateCamera(direction)) in &interaction_query {
+        if let Interaction::Pressed = *interaction {
+            // Since TargetCamera propagates to the children, we can use it to find
+            // which side of the screen the button is on.
+            if let Ok(mut camera_transform) = camera_query.get_mut(target_camera.entity()) {
+                let angle = match direction {
+                    Direction::Left => -0.1,
+                    Direction::Right => 0.1,
+                };
+                camera_transform.rotate_around(Vec3::ZERO, Quat::from_axis_angle(Vec3::Y, angle));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/examples/README.md b/examples/README.md
index db73c982f060c..3a592fc9d43fe 100644
--- a/examples/README.md
+++ b/examples/README.md
@@ -363,6 +363,7 @@ Example | Description
 [Overflow](../examples/ui/overflow.rs) | Simple example demonstrating overflow behavior
 [Overflow and Clipping Debug](../examples/ui/overflow_debug.rs) | An example to debug overflow and clipping behavior
 [Relative Cursor Position](../examples/ui/relative_cursor_position.rs) | Showcases the RelativeCursorPosition component
+[Render UI to Texture](../examples/ui/render_ui_to_texture.rs) | An example of rendering UI as a part of a 3D world
 [Size Constraints](../examples/ui/size_constraints.rs) | Demonstrates how the to use the size constraints to control the size of a UI node.
 [Text](../examples/ui/text.rs) | Illustrates creating and updating text
 [Text Debug](../examples/ui/text_debug.rs) | An example for debugging text layout
diff --git a/examples/ui/relative_cursor_position.rs b/examples/ui/relative_cursor_position.rs
index 84b9fa2fe19d4..d46be399aba82 100644
--- a/examples/ui/relative_cursor_position.rs
+++ b/examples/ui/relative_cursor_position.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 //! Showcases the [`RelativeCursorPosition`] component, used to check the position of the cursor relative to a UI node.
 
-use bevy::{prelude::*, ui::RelativeCursorPosition, winit::WinitSettings};
+use bevy::{
+    prelude::*, render::camera::Viewport, ui::RelativeCursorPosition, winit::WinitSettings,
+};
 
 fn main() {
     App::new()
@@ -13,7 +15,18 @@ fn main() {
 }
 
 fn setup(mut commands: Commands, asset_server: Res<AssetServer>) {
-    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());
+    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle {
+        camera: Camera {
+            // Cursor position will take the viewport offset into account
+            viewport: Some(Viewport {
+                physical_position: [200, 100].into(),
+                physical_size: [600, 600].into(),
+                ..default()
+            }),
+            ..default()
+        },
+        ..default()
+    });
 
     commands
         .spawn(NodeBundle {
diff --git a/examples/ui/render_ui_to_texture.rs b/examples/ui/render_ui_to_texture.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ff97d841703d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/ui/render_ui_to_texture.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+//! Shows how to render UI to a texture. Useful for displaying UI in 3D space.
+
+use std::f32::consts::PI;
+
+use bevy::{
+    prelude::*,
+    render::{
+        camera::RenderTarget,
+        render_resource::{
+            Extent3d, TextureDescriptor, TextureDimension, TextureFormat, TextureUsages,
+        },
+    },
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    App::new()
+        .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins)
+        .add_systems(Startup, setup)
+        .add_systems(Update, rotator_system)
+        .run();
+}
+
+// Marks the cube, to which the UI texture is applied.
+#[derive(Component)]
+struct Cube;
+
+fn setup(
+    mut commands: Commands,
+    mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
+    mut materials: ResMut<Assets<StandardMaterial>>,
+    mut images: ResMut<Assets<Image>>,
+) {
+    let size = Extent3d {
+        width: 512,
+        height: 512,
+        ..default()
+    };
+
+    // This is the texture that will be rendered to.
+    let mut image = Image {
+        texture_descriptor: TextureDescriptor {
+            label: None,
+            size,
+            dimension: TextureDimension::D2,
+            format: TextureFormat::Bgra8UnormSrgb,
+            mip_level_count: 1,
+            sample_count: 1,
+            usage: TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING
+                | TextureUsages::COPY_DST
+                | TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT,
+            view_formats: &[],
+        },
+        ..default()
+    };
+
+    // fill image.data with zeroes
+    image.resize(size);
+
+    let image_handle = images.add(image);
+
+    // Light
+    commands.spawn(PointLightBundle {
+        transform: Transform::from_translation(Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 10.0)),
+        ..default()
+    });
+
+    let texture_camera = commands
+        .spawn(Camera2dBundle {
+            camera: Camera {
+                // render before the "main pass" camera
+                order: -1,
+                target: RenderTarget::Image(image_handle.clone()),
+                ..default()
+            },
+            ..default()
+        })
+        .id();
+
+    commands
+        .spawn((
+            NodeBundle {
+                style: Style {
+                    // Cover the whole image
+                    width: Val::Percent(100.),
+                    height: Val::Percent(100.),
+                    flex_direction: FlexDirection::Column,
+                    justify_content: JustifyContent::Center,
+                    align_items: AlignItems::Center,
+                    ..default()
+                },
+                background_color: Color::GOLD.into(),
+                ..default()
+            },
+            TargetCamera(texture_camera),
+        ))
+        .with_children(|parent| {
+            parent.spawn(TextBundle::from_section(
+                "This is a cube",
+                TextStyle {
+                    font_size: 40.0,
+                    color: Color::BLACK,
+                    ..default()
+                },
+            ));
+        });
+
+    let cube_size = 4.0;
+    let cube_handle = meshes.add(Mesh::from(shape::Box::new(cube_size, cube_size, cube_size)));
+
+    // This material has the texture that has been rendered.
+    let material_handle = materials.add(StandardMaterial {
+        base_color_texture: Some(image_handle),
+        reflectance: 0.02,
+        unlit: false,
+
+        ..default()
+    });
+
+    // Cube with material containing the rendered UI texture.
+    commands.spawn((
+        PbrBundle {
+            mesh: cube_handle,
+            material: material_handle,
+            transform: Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 0.0, 1.5)
+                .with_rotation(Quat::from_rotation_x(-PI / 5.0)),
+            ..default()
+        },
+        Cube,
+    ));
+
+    // The main pass camera.
+    commands.spawn(Camera3dBundle {
+        transform: Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 0.0, 15.0).looking_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y),
+        ..default()
+    });
+}
+
+const ROTATION_SPEED: f32 = 0.5;
+
+fn rotator_system(time: Res<Time>, mut query: Query<&mut Transform, With<Cube>>) {
+    for mut transform in &mut query {
+        transform.rotate_x(1.0 * time.delta_seconds() * ROTATION_SPEED);
+        transform.rotate_y(0.7 * time.delta_seconds() * ROTATION_SPEED);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/examples/window/multiple_windows.rs b/examples/window/multiple_windows.rs
index 8905d76ca9c6a..041787308d039 100644
--- a/examples/window/multiple_windows.rs
+++ b/examples/window/multiple_windows.rs
@@ -22,12 +22,13 @@ fn setup_scene(mut commands: Commands, asset_server: Res<AssetServer>) {
         transform: Transform::from_xyz(4.0, 5.0, 4.0),
         ..default()
     });
-    // main camera, cameras default to the primary window
-    // so we don't need to specify that.
-    commands.spawn(Camera3dBundle {
-        transform: Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 0.0, 6.0).looking_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y),
-        ..default()
-    });
+
+    let first_window_camera = commands
+        .spawn(Camera3dBundle {
+            transform: Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 0.0, 6.0).looking_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y),
+            ..default()
+        })
+        .id();
 
     // Spawn a second window
     let second_window = commands
@@ -37,13 +38,32 @@ fn setup_scene(mut commands: Commands, asset_server: Res<AssetServer>) {
         })
         .id();
 
-    // second window camera
-    commands.spawn(Camera3dBundle {
-        transform: Transform::from_xyz(6.0, 0.0, 0.0).looking_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y),
-        camera: Camera {
-            target: RenderTarget::Window(WindowRef::Entity(second_window)),
+    let second_window_camera = commands
+        .spawn(Camera3dBundle {
+            transform: Transform::from_xyz(6.0, 0.0, 0.0).looking_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y),
+            camera: Camera {
+                target: RenderTarget::Window(WindowRef::Entity(second_window)),
+                ..default()
+            },
             ..default()
-        },
-        ..default()
-    });
+        })
+        .id();
+
+    // Since we are using multiple cameras, we need to specify which camera UI should be rendered to
+    commands
+        .spawn((NodeBundle::default(), TargetCamera(first_window_camera)))
+        .with_children(|parent| {
+            parent.spawn(TextBundle::from_section(
+                "First window",
+                TextStyle::default(),
+            ));
+        });
+    commands
+        .spawn((NodeBundle::default(), TargetCamera(second_window_camera)))
+        .with_children(|parent| {
+            parent.spawn(TextBundle::from_section(
+                "Second window",
+                TextStyle::default(),
+            ));
+        });
 }