httpd.c

#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/times.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#include "cm_debug.h"
#include "mysql_api.h"
#include "httpd.h"
#include "cmarketcap.h"
#include "http_parser.h"

#define RD_BUFF_MAX 1024
#define CLIENT_MAX  10
#define MAX_URI_SIZE 2048

pthread_mutex_t number_of_clients_var_locker = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
size_t number_of_clients = 0;
#define LOCK_NUM_OF_CLIENTS_LOCKER pthread_mutex_lock( \
	&number_of_clients_var_locker)
#define UNLOCK_NUM_OF_CLIENTS_LOCKER pthread_mutex_unlock( \
	&number_of_clients_var_locker)

static void parse_http_header(char *buff, struct myhttp_header *header);
static void *__cb_read_from_client(void *cb_arg);
static int check_http_header(struct myhttp_header *header);
static void send_header(int sockfd, char *code, char *type);
static void send_json_response(int sockfd, struct myhttp_header *header, MYSQL *db);
static void inc_number_of_clients(); /*! Increment number of clients */
static void dec_number_of_clients(); /*! Decrement number of clients */

/** @brief Parse http headers into a data structure.
 *
 * This function is called by multiple threads. All modifications should be
 * thread safe
 *
 */
static void parse_http_header(char *buff, struct myhttp_header *header)
{
	char *token;
	char *line = NULL;

	/* fetch the first line. like 'GET /home/path?coinid=bitcoin&start=min_5 HTTP/1.1' */
	line = strtok_r(line, "\n", &buff);
	DEBUG_MSG("request line = \"%s\"\n", line);

	/* parse line */
	token = strtok_r(line, " ", &line);
	strcpy(header->method, token);
	token = strtok_r(line, " ", &line);
	strcpy(header->url, token);
	token = strtok_r(line, " ", &line);
	strcpy(header->protocol, token);
}

static int check_http_header(struct myhttp_header *header)
{
	return 0;
}

/* @brief Send http headers to the client
 *
 * called by send_json_response
 */
static void send_header(int sockfd, char *code, char *type)
{
	char buf[100];

	if (strcmp(code, "200") == 0) {
		strcpy(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
		send(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
		sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: %s\r\n", type);
		send(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
	} else if (strcmp(code, "400") == 0) {
		strcpy(buf, "HTTP/1.0 404 Bad Request\r\n");
		send(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
		sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: %s\r\n", type);
		send(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
	} else if (strcmp(code, "403") == 0) {
		strcpy(buf, "HTTP/1.0 403 Forbidden\r\n");
		send(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
		sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: %s\r\n", type);
		send(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
	} else if (strcmp(code, "404") == 0) {
		strcpy(buf, "HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found\r\n");
		send(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
		sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: %s\r\n", type);
		send(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
	}
	sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
	send(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
}

/*! \addtogroup url_tokenization
 *  url tokenization mechanism
 *  @{
 */
static struct uri_base *init_uri_base()
{
	struct uri_base *x = (struct uri_base *)malloc(sizeof(struct uri_base));
	if (!x) {
		CM_ERROR("memory allocation\n");
		return NULL;
	}

	x->entry_count = 0;
	x->first = NULL;
	x->last = NULL;

	return x;
}

static struct uri_entry *init_uri_entry()
{
	struct uri_entry *x = (struct uri_entry *)malloc(sizeof(struct uri_entry));
	if (!x) {
		CM_ERROR("memory allocation\n");
		return NULL;
	}

	x->next = NULL;

	return x;
}

/**
 * @brief expects 'hello=world' like string. expects '\0' terminated string
 *
 * @return On error returns NULL indicating invalid 'key=value' pair
 */
static struct uri_entry *mk_uri_entry(char *uri_e)
{
	struct uri_entry *x;
	char *value;
	char *key;

	value = strchr(uri_e, '=') + 1;
	if (value == NULL) {
		CM_ERROR("Invalid uri_entry\n");
		return NULL;
	}

	*(value - 1) = '\0';
	key = uri_e;

	x = init_uri_entry();
	x->key = strdup(key);
	x->value = strdup(value);

	return x;
}

/**
 * @brief append the given uri entry at the end of the linked list 
 *
 *	@param[in] eb uri_base
 *	@param[in] cd uri_entry
 */
static void append_uri_entry(struct uri_base *ub, struct  uri_entry *ue)
{
	if (ub->first == NULL) {/* first and last = NULL */
		ub->first = ue;
		ub->last = ub->first; /* initially first == last */
	} else {
		ub->last->next = ue;
		ub->last = ub->last->next;
	}

	ub->last->index = (size_t)ub->entry_count++;
}

/**
 * @brief delimeter charachter is '&' 
 *
 * '/any/path?hello=world&rishitha=minol' breaks this string using '&'
 * and pass 'key=value' like strings to 'mk_uri_entry()'
 *
 * @param uri This string gets modified.
 * @return returns 'NULL' on error
 */
struct uri_base *tokenize_uri(const char *url)
{
	char *x = NULL;
	char *y;
	char uri_[MAX_URI_SIZE];
	struct uri_base *uri_base;
	struct uri_entry *t;

	struct http_parser_url u; /*!< http_parser.h - 4th field is the url options */
	http_parser_url_init(&u);
	size_t len = strlen(url);
	http_parser_parse_url(url, len, 0, &u);

	if ((u.field_set & (1 << 4)) == 0) /* no data */
		return NULL;

	strncpy(uri_, url + u.field_data[4].off, u.field_data[4].len);//MAX_URI_SIZE);

	x = uri_; /*!<  start of the url options 'hello=world&rishitha=minol' */

	if (x == NULL) {
		CM_ERROR("path string\n");
		return NULL;
	}

	uri_base = init_uri_base();

	while (x != NULL) {
		y = x;
		x = strchr(x, '&');
		if (x) {
			*x = '\0';
			x++;
		}

		t = mk_uri_entry(y); /* hello=world */
		if (t != NULL) {
			append_uri_entry(uri_base, t);
		}
	}

	return uri_base;
}

/* @brief freeup 'struct uri_base *' */
void free_uri_base(struct uri_base *ub)
{
	struct uri_entry *entry, *t;

	entry = ub->first;
	free(ub);

	while (entry != NULL) {
		free(entry->key);
		free(entry->value);

		t = entry->next;
		free(entry);

		entry = t;
	}
}

void print_uri_base(struct uri_base *ub)
{
	struct uri_entry *t;

	t = ub->first;
	while (t != NULL) {
		printf("index: %lu, \"%s\":\"%s\"\n", t->index, t->key, t->value);
		t = t->next;
	}
}
/*! @} */ /* uri_tokenization */

/* @brief Send response to the user.
 *
 * On error make 't = NULL'.
 *
 * @param[in] header Used for reading path name (URL parameters).
 *			  header has user reqested data.
 * @param[in] sockfd File descriptor to write (Openned connection fd)
 *
 * We have to write a functio to tokenize url data.
 */
static void send_json_response(int sockfd, struct myhttp_header *header, MYSQL *db)
{
	char code[4];
	struct coin_status_base *sb;
	struct coin_status *t = NULL;
	char tempstr[200];
	int full_rank = 0;

	strcpy(code, "200");
	send_header(sockfd, code, "application/json");


	/* example url sets 
	 * 
	 * /home/path?rank=full
	 * /home/path?coinid=bitcoin&start=min_5&limit=min_30
	 */
	struct uri_base *tokens;
	struct uri_entry *te_entry;
	DEBUG_MSG("%s\n", header->url);
	tokens = tokenize_uri(header->url); /* what happens if empty string comes here */
	if (tokens == NULL) {
		CM_ERROR("tokenization malfunction\n");
		goto error__;
	}

	te_entry = tokens->first;
	if (strcmp(te_entry->key, "rank") == 0) {
		LOCK_SHIFT_COLUMN_LOCKER;
		if (strcmp(te_entry->value, "full") == 0) { /* /home/path/?rank=full */
			sb = fetch_entire_rank(db);
			full_rank = 1;
		} else { /* /home/path/?rank=min_5 ... etc.. */
			sb = fetch_duration(db, "min_0", te_entry->value);
		}
		UNLOCK_SHIFT_COLUMN_LOCKER;

		if (sb != NULL) {
			t = sb->first;
		} else {
			goto error__;
		}
	} else if (strcmp(te_entry->key, "coinid") == 0) { /* /home/path/?coinid=bitcoin&range=1 or 2 */
		char *coin_id = te_entry->value;
		te_entry = te_entry->next;

		if (strcmp(te_entry->key, "range") == 0) {
			char *range = te_entry->value;

			if (strcmp(range, "1") == 0){
				LOCK_SHIFT_COLUMN_LOCKER;
				fetch_range_level1(coin_id, db, sockfd);
				UNLOCK_SHIFT_COLUMN_LOCKER;
				free_uri_base(tokens);

				return;
			} else if (strcmp(range, "2") == 0) {
				LOCK_SHIFT_COLUMN_LOCKER;
				fetch_range_level2(coin_id, db, sockfd);
				UNLOCK_SHIFT_COLUMN_LOCKER;
				free_uri_base(tokens);

				return;
			}
		} else {
			CM_ERROR("invalid option for '%s' coinid\n", coin_id);
			goto error__;
		}
	} else {
		CM_ERROR("tokenization malfunction\n");
		goto error__;
	}
	free_uri_base(tokens);

	if (t == NULL) {
		goto error__;
	}

	int i = 1;
	while (t != NULL) {
		if (full_rank > 0)
			sprintf(tempstr, "#%d-%s(%s)\n", t->col1_rank, t->coin_id, t->coin_symbol);
		else
			sprintf(tempstr, "#%d-%s:(%s) %d (%d)\n", i++, t->coin_id, t->coin_symbol, t->col1_rank, t->col2_rank);
		write(sockfd, tempstr, strlen(tempstr));
		t = t->next;
	}

	free_coin_status_base(sb);

error__:
	write(sockfd, "{\"error\": \"error occured\"}\n", strlen("{\"error\": \"error occured\"}\n"));
} /* send_json_response */

struct __cb_args {
	int socket;
	MYSQL *db;
};

/* @brief Callback function for 'pthread_create' */
static void *__cb_read_from_client(void *cb_arg)
{
	char buffer[RD_BUFF_MAX];
	int nbytes;
	struct myhttp_header header; /* HEADER */
	int sockfd;
	struct __cb_args *_cb_arg = (struct __cb_args *)cb_arg;

	sockfd = _cb_arg->socket;
	MYSQL *db = _cb_arg->db;

	pthread_detach(pthread_self());

	DEBUG_MSG("waiting for client to write...\n");
	inc_number_of_clients();
	while ((nbytes = read(sockfd, buffer, RD_BUFF_MAX))) {
		DEBUG_MSG("client wrote %d bytes\n", nbytes);
		if (nbytes < 0) {
			CM_ERROR("socket read failed\n");
			break;
		} else if (nbytes == 0) {
			DEBUG_MSG("Client wrote 0 bytes\n");
			break;
		} else {
			if (check_http_header(&header) < 0) {
				send_header(sockfd, "400", "text/html"); /* bad request */
				break;
			}
			parse_http_header(buffer, &header); /**! parse_http_header */

			send_json_response(sockfd, &header, db); /* buffer and header should be filled with zeros */

			break;
		}
	}

	dec_number_of_clients();
	close(sockfd);
	free(_cb_arg);
	DEBUG_MSG("Connection closed\n");

	pthread_exit(NULL);
}

/* @brief returns number of clients at the moment */
size_t num_of_clients()
{
	size_t num;
	LOCK_NUM_OF_CLIENTS_LOCKER;
	num = number_of_clients;
	UNLOCK_NUM_OF_CLIENTS_LOCKER;

	return num;
}

/* @brief Increas number of clients at the moment */
static void inc_number_of_clients()
{
	LOCK_NUM_OF_CLIENTS_LOCKER;
	number_of_clients++;
	UNLOCK_NUM_OF_CLIENTS_LOCKER;
}

/* @brief Decrease number of clients at the moment */
static void dec_number_of_clients()
{
	LOCK_NUM_OF_CLIENTS_LOCKER;
	number_of_clients--;
	UNLOCK_NUM_OF_CLIENTS_LOCKER;
}

/* @brief needs openned database */
int __cb_main_thread(MYSQL *db, int port_num)
{
	int httpd_port;
	int sockfd;

	struct sockaddr_in httpd_sockaddr;
	struct sockaddr_in client_sockaddr;
	socklen_t clilen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);;

	pthread_t httpd_thread; /**! store thread id */

	//pthread_detach(pthread_self());

	/* port number has to between 1024 and 65536 (not included) */
	httpd_port = port_num;

	/* init server socket (ipv4, tcp) */
	global_data_handle.httpd_sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	if (global_data_handle.httpd_sockfd < 0) {
		CM_ERROR("httpd socket failed to create\n");
		exit(1);
	}

	memset(&httpd_sockaddr, 0, sizeof(httpd_sockaddr)); /* Fill zeros */
	httpd_sockaddr.sin_family      = AF_INET;
	httpd_sockaddr.sin_port        = htons(httpd_port);
	httpd_sockaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);

	if (bind(global_data_handle.httpd_sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&httpd_sockaddr,
		sizeof(httpd_sockaddr)) == -1) {
		close(global_data_handle.httpd_sockfd);
		CM_ERROR("bind failed\n");
		exit(1);
	}

	if (listen(global_data_handle.httpd_sockfd, CLIENT_MAX) == -1) {
		close(global_data_handle.httpd_sockfd);
		CM_ERROR("listen failed\n");
		exit(1);
	}

	/* at this stage 'global_data_handle.httpd_sockfd', 'httpd_sockaddr', 'httpd_port', 'clilen'
	 * settled up */
	while (1) {
		struct __cb_args *cb_arg = NULL;
		sockfd = accept(global_data_handle.httpd_sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_sockaddr, &clilen);
		if (sockfd == -1) {
			CM_ERROR("Connection accept error\n");
			break;
		} else {
			DEBUG_MSG("Client accepted connection\n");
			cb_arg = (struct __cb_args *)malloc(sizeof(struct __cb_args));
			cb_arg->socket = sockfd;
			cb_arg->db = db;
		}

		/* @todo additional thread destruction should be started from here */
		if (pthread_create(&httpd_thread, NULL, (void *)__cb_read_from_client,
			(void *)cb_arg) != 0) {
			CM_ERROR("pthread create error\n");
			pthread_exit(NULL);
		} else {
			DEBUG_MSG("New thread created (%d)\n", (int)httpd_thread);
		}
	}

	close(global_data_handle.httpd_sockfd);

	//pthread_exit(NULL);
	return 0;
} /* __cb_main_thread */

/* @brief Initialize mutex functionalities of 'httpd.c' section */
void init_httpd_mutexes()
{
	pthread_mutex_init(&number_of_clients_var_locker, NULL);
}