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README.md	README.md

Add shopping basket capabilities to the web site

In previous labs, we have created a web site that shoppers can use to browser a through pages of products, optionally with filtering by brand or type, and added the ability for users to create an account and sign in. In this lab, we will add the capability to add products to a shopping basket. The shopping basket will be stored in Redis, and exposed via a new gRPC service that the web site will communicate with.

Add a gRPC service project

Visual Studio

Add a new project called Basket.API to the solution using the ASP.NET Core gRPC Service template. Ensure that the following template options are configured:
- Framework: .NET 8.0 (Long Term Support)
- Enable container support: disabled
- Do not use top-level statements: disabled
- Enable native AOT publish: disabled
- Enlist in .NET Aspire orchestration: enabled

dotnet CLI

In the .NET CLI, we need to do a few steps manually to configure .NET Aspire orchestration.

Run the following commands in the src folder to create the Basket.API gRPC project.
```
dotnet new grpc -n Basket.API
dotnet sln add Basket.API
```
Add a reference to the eShop.AppHost from the Basket.API project:
```
cd eShop.AppHost
dotnet add reference ..\Basket.API
```
Add a reference from the Basket.API project to the eShop.ServiceDefaults project:
```
cd ..\Basket.API
dotnet add reference ..\ServiceDefaults
```
Open the Program.cs file in the AppHost project and add the following code to create a new resource for the Basket.API project:
```
var basketApi = builder.AddProject<Projects.Basket_API>("basket-api");
```
Open the Program.cs file in the Basket.API and add a line at the top to add the service defaults:
```
builder.AddServiceDefaults();
```

Additional project configuration

Open the Program.cs file in the AppHost project and add the following code:

var builder = DistributedApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

builder.AddProject<Projects.Catalog_Data_Manager>("catalog-db-mgr");

builder.Build().Run();

Open the Basket.Api.csproj file and add a line to the PropertyGroup at the top change the default root namespace of the project to eShop.Basket.API:
```
<RootNamespace>eShop.Basket.API</RootNamespace>
```

Install the Aspire.Hosting.Redis package in the eShop.AppHost project using either of the following:

dotnet add package Aspire.Hosting.Redis

<PackageReference Include="Aspire.Hosting.Redis" Version="8.1.0" />

Open the Program.cs file in the eShop.AppHost project and add a line to create a new Redis resource named "BasketStore" and configure it to host a Redis Commander instance too (this will make it easier to inspect the Redis database during development). Capture the resource in a basketStore variable:
```
var basketStore = builder.AddRedis("BasketStore").WithRedisCommander();
```
Aspire will automatically create containers for both Redis and Redis Commander when the application is run.
Find the line that was added to add the Basket.API gRPC project to the AppHost as a resource. Update the code to name the resource "basket-api", make it reference the idp and BasketStore resources, and capture it in a basketApi variable:
```
var basketApi = builder.AddProject<Projects.Basket_API>("basket-api")
    .WithReference(idp)
    .WithReference(basketStore);
```
The Basket.API will require calls to be authenticated by the IdP, and will need to access the Redis database to store and retrieve shopping baskets.

Update the webapp resource to reference the basket-api resource so the web site can communicate with the Basket API:

var webApp = builder.AddProject<Projects.WebApp>("webapp")
    .WithReference(catalogApi)
    .WithReference(basketApi) // <--- Add this line
    .WithReference(idp, env: "Identity__ClientSecret");

Run the AppHost project and verify that the containers for Redis and Redis Commander are created and running by using the dashboard. Also verify that the Basket.API project is running and that it's environment variables contain the configuration values to communicate with the IdP and Redis.

Configure the Basket API to communicate with Redis

Following the pattern we've used in our other projects, create a new file HostingExtensions.cs in an Extensions directory in the Basket.API project and add a class to it called HostingExtensions. Add a method to the class called AddApplicationServices:
```
namespace Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;

public static class HostingExtensions
{
    public static IHostApplicationBuilder AddApplicationServices(this IHostApplicationBuilder builder)
    {

        return builder;
    }
}
```
We'll add code here later to configure the services in the application's DI container as we build out the Basket API.
In the Program.cs file, add a call to the AddApplicationServices method after the call to AddServiceDefaults:
```
builder.AddServiceDefaults();
builder.AddApplicationServices();
```
To communicate with Redis we'll use the Aspire StackExchange Redis component. Aspire components are NuGet packages that integrate common client libraries with the Aspire stack, ensuring that they're configured with the application's DI container and setup for observability, reliability, and configurability.

Add the Aspire.StackExchange.Redis component NuGet package to the Basket.API project. You can use the Add > .NET Aspire Compoenent... project menu item in Visual Studio, the dotnet add package command at the command line, or by editing the Basket.API.csproj file directly:
```
<PackageReference Include="Aspire.StackExchange.Redis" Version="8.1.0" />
```
In the AddApplicationServices method in HostingExtensions.cs, add a call to AddRedis to configure the Redis client in the application's DI container. Pass the name "BasketStore" to the method to indicate that the client should be configured to connect to the Redis resource with that name in the AppHost:
```
public static IHostApplicationBuilder AddApplicationServices(this IHostApplicationBuilder builder)
{
    builder.AddRedisClient("BasketStore");

    return builder;
}
```
Now, to use the Redis client in the application, we simply need to accept a constructor parameter of type IConnectionMultiplexer

Define the gRPC service

gRPC services are defined using Protocol Buffers (protobuf) files. Add a new file called basket.proto to the Protos directory in the Basket.API project. Add the following content to the file:

syntax = "proto3";

option csharp_namespace = "eShop.Basket.API.Grpc";

package BasketApi;

service Basket {
    rpc GetBasket(GetBasketRequest) returns (CustomerBasketResponse) {}
    rpc UpdateBasket(UpdateBasketRequest) returns (CustomerBasketResponse) {}
}

message GetBasketRequest {
}

message UpdateBasketRequest {
    repeated BasketItem items = 1;
}

message BasketItem {
    int32 product_id = 1;
    int32 quantity = 2;
}

message CustomerBasketResponse {
    repeated BasketItem items = 1;
}

This file defines a gRPC service called Basket with two methods: GetBasket and UpdateBasket. The GetBasket method takes a GetBasketRequest message and returns a CustomerBasketResponse message with a repeated BasketItem field. The UpdateBasket method takes an UpdateBasketRequest message with a repeated BasketItem field and also returns a CustomerBasketResponse.

Delete the greeter.proto file that was included with the template.
Update the Basket.API.csproj file to add the basket.proto file as a Protobuf item in the project and set the GrpcServices metadata to "Server" to indicate that it should be used to generate server-side code for the gRPC service:
```
<ItemGroup>
    <Protobuf Include="Protos\basket.proto" GrpcServices="Server" />
</ItemGroup>
```
The project system will automatically generate code behind the scenes to represent the messages and service defined in the basket.proto file. We'll use these generated types in our service implementation.
In the Basket.API project, create a Grpc directory and add a new file to it named BasketService.cs. Use the following code to define a class in it named BasketService that derives from Basket.BasketBase:
```
namespace eShop.Basket.API.Grpc;

public class BasketService : Basket.BasketBase
{

}
```
In the Program.cs file, update the line that maps the GreeterService gRPC service so that it maps the BasketService instead:
```
app.MapGrpcService<BasketService>();
```
Delete the Services/GreeterSrevice.cs file that was included with the template, including the Services directory.

Implement Redis storage logic

In the Basket.API project, create a file RedisBasketStore.cs in a Storage directory and define a class in it named RedisBasketStore with a constructor that accepts a single parameter of type IConnectionMultiplexer:
```
namespace eShop.Basket.API.Storage;

public class RedisBasketStore(IConnectionMultiplexer redis)
{

}
```
The RedisBasketStore class will be responsible for storing and retrieving shopping baskets from the Redis database.
Add a field of type IDatabase and initialize it by calling redis.GetDatabase():
```
private readonly IDatabase _database = redis.GetDatabase();
```
Our shopping baskets will be stored in Redis with a key like /basket/123 where 123 is the user's ID. Define a field of type RedisKey named BasketKeyPrefix to store the prefix of the key, and a method named GetBaksetKey that accepts a string parameter userId and returns a RedisKey:
```
private static readonly RedisKey BasketKeyPrefix = "/basket/";

private static RedisKey GetBasketKey(string userId) => BasketKeyPrefix.Append(userId);
```
Before we can add our methods to get and update the basket, we need to define the types that will be used to represent the shopping basket in Redis. Instances of these types will be serialized and deserialized to and from JSON.

Add a new file BasketItem.cs in a Models directory and define a class in it named BasketItem with properties for the product ID, product name, unit price, and quantity:
```
namespace eShop.Basket.API.Models;

public class BasketItem
{
    public int ProductId { get; set; }

    public int Quantity { get; set; }
}
```
Add another file CustomerBasket.cs in the Models directory and define a class in it named CustomerBasket with properties for the buyer ID and items in the basket:
```
namespace eShop.Basket.API.Models;

public class CustomerBasket
{
    public required string BuyerId { get; set; }

    public List<BasketItem> Items { get; set; } = [];
}
```

In RedisBasketStore.cs, add an async method named GetBasketAsync that accepts a parameter for the buyer ID and returns the CustomerBasketfrom Redis if it exists:

public async Task<CustomerBasket?> GetBasketAsync(string customerId)
{
    var key = GetBasketKey(customerId);

    using var data = await _database.StringGetLeaseAsync(key);

    return data is { Length: > 0 }
        ? JsonSerializer.Deserialize<CustomerBasket>(data.Span)
        : null;
}

Now add a method to update the basket:

public async Task<CustomerBasket?> UpdateBasketAsync(CustomerBasket basket)
{
    var json = JsonSerializer.SerializeToUtf8Bytes(basket);
    var key = GetBasketKey(basket.BuyerId);

    var created = await _database.StringSetAsync(key, json);

    return created
        ? await GetBasketAsync(basket.BuyerId)
        : null;
}

In HostingExtensions.cs, add a call in the AddApplicationServices method to AddSingleton to register the RedisBasketStore class in the application's DI container:
```
builder.Services.AddSingleton<RedisBasketStore>();
```
The RedisBasketStore class is now ready to be used by our gRPC BasketService class.

Implement the gRPC service to get the basket

Back in the BasketService.cs file, update the constructor to accept a RedisBasketStore parameter. This will be populated from the application's DI container when the service is created:
```
public class BasketService(RedisBasketStore basketStore) : Basket.BasketBase
{
    
}
```

Add methods to convert between our model types (those serialized to JSON by BasketService to store in Redis) and our gRPC message types:

private static CustomerBasketResponse MapToCustomerBasketResponse(CustomerBasket customerBasket)
{
    var response = new CustomerBasketResponse();

    foreach (var item in customerBasket.Items)
    {
        response.Items.Add(new BasketItem
        {
            ProductId = item.ProductId,
            Quantity = item.Quantity,
        });
    }

    return response;
}

private static CustomerBasket MapToCustomerBasket(string userId, UpdateBasketRequest customerBasketRequest)
{
    var response = new CustomerBasket
    {
        BuyerId = userId
    };

    foreach (var item in customerBasketRequest.Items)
    {
        response.Items.Add(new()
        {
            ProductId = item.ProductId,
            Quantity = item.Quantity,
        });
    }

    return response;
}

Add an async method named GetBasket that overrides the method of the same name in the base class. The method should accept GetBasketRequest and ServerCallContext parameters, and return a CustomerBasketResponse:
```
public override async Task<CustomerBasketResponse> GetBasket(GetBasketRequest request, ServerCallContext context)
{
    

    return new();
}
```
This method needs to extract the user ID from the passed ServerCallContext and use it to call the GetBasketAsync method of the RedisBasketStore class. Let's add an extensions class to help with extracting the user ID from the ServerCallContext.

Create a new file GrpcExtensions.cs in the Extensions directory and add an extension method that extracts the user ID from the ServerCallContext:

using System.Security.Claims;

namespace Grpc.Core;

internal static class GrpcExtensions
{
    public static string? GetUserIdentity(this ServerCallContext context) => context.GetHttpContext().User.GetUserId();
}

Back in BasketService.cs, update the GetBasket method to use the GetUserIdentity extension method to extract the user ID and call the GetBasketAsync method of the RedisBasketStore class, before returning the result as a CustomerBasketResponse. If the user ID is not found, the method should throw an RpcException with a status of Unauthenticated:

public override async Task<CustomerBasketResponse> GetBasket(GetBasketRequest request, ServerCallContext context)
{
    var userId = context.GetUserIdentity();

    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(userId))
    {
        ThrowNotAuthenticated();
    }

    var data = await basketStore.GetBasketAsync(userId);

    return data is not null
        ? MapToCustomerBasketResponse(data)
        : new();
}

[DoesNotReturn]
private static void ThrowNotAuthenticated()
    => throw new RpcException(new Status(StatusCode.Unauthenticated, "The caller is not authenticated."));

Configure the Basket API to use JWT Bearer authentication

We've added code that requires that the calling client be authenticated, but haven't yet configured the application to support authentication.

In the HostingExtensions.cs file, add a call to the AddDefaultAuthentication method (already defined in the eShop.ServiceDefaults project) to setup the application to use JWT Bearer authentication for tokens issued by the idp resource:
```
public static IHostApplicationBuilder AddApplicationServices(this IHostApplicationBuilder builder)
{
    builder.AddDefaultAuthentication(); // <-- Add this line

    builder.AddRedisClient("BasketStore");

    builder.Services.AddSingleton<RedisBasketStore>();

    return builder;
}
```
Navigate to the definition of the AddDefaultAuthentication method and take a moment to read through the code. This code looks similar in places to the authentication configuration code in the WebApp project added in lab 3, but is slightly simpler as it doesn't need to configure the application to instigate login flows via OpenID Connect. It just needs to validate tokens issued by the IdP.

Note that the ConfigureDefaultJwtBearer method expects the application configuration to have a section named Identity from which it retrieves a required value named Audience. This code will throw a runtime extepsion if it doesn't exist, so let's add that now.

Open the appsettings.json file and add a new section named Identity with a property named Audience set to a value of "basket":

{
    // Add the following section to the existing file
    "Identity": {
        "Audience": "basket"
    }
}

Implement the gRPC service to update the basket

Back in BasketService.cs, add an async method named UpdateBasket that overrides the method of the same name in the base class. The method should accept UpdateBasketRequest and ServerCallContext parameters, and return a CustomerBasketResponse. If the user ID is not found, the method should throw an RpcException with a status of Unauthenticated. If the basket does not exist, the method should throw an RpcException with a status of NotFound:

public override async Task<CustomerBasketResponse> UpdateBasket(UpdateBasketRequest request, ServerCallContext context)
{
    var userId = context.GetUserIdentity();

    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(userId))
    {
        ThrowNotAuthenticated();
    }

    var customerBasket = MapToCustomerBasket(userId, request);
    var response = await basketStore.UpdateBasketAsync(customerBasket);

    if (response is null)
    {
        ThrowBasketDoesNotExist(userId);
    }

    return MapToCustomerBasketResponse(response);
}

[DoesNotReturn]
private static void ThrowBasketDoesNotExist(string userId)
    => throw new RpcException(new Status(StatusCode.NotFound, $"Basket with buyer ID {userId} does not exist"));

Run the AppHost project and verify that the Basket.API project is running without any startup errors by using the dashboard to view its logs.

At this point our Basket API is ready to be used by the web site. In the next section, we'll update the web site to use the new gRPC service so that shoppers can manage items in their basket.

Review the web site UI changes to support the shopping basket

The starting point for this lab already includes updates to the web site to provide UI for the shopping basket. The UI includes a shopping basket icon in the header that displays the number of items in the basket, and a shopping basket page that displays the items in the basket and allows the user to update the quantity of items in the basket. The item page has also been updated to display a button that allows the user to add the item to the basket, or sign in if they are not already signed in.

Open the BasketState.cs file in the WebApp project and add take a moment to read through the code. This class is used to manage the current state of the shopping bag during a web request. Blazor components run their logic individually as the component tree is rendered, so the state of the shopping basket needs to be managed in a way that is shared between components during a single request.
Open the CartPage.razor file and take a moment to read through the code. This component displays the items in the shopping basket and allows the user to update the quantity of items in the basket. The component uses the BasketState class to manage the state of the shopping basket during the request.

Pay special note to the logic in the CurrentOrPendingQuantity method that ensures the quantity rendered in the UI matches what the user has requested if they have requested a change, or the current quantity if they have not. This is required due to the way Blazor components are rendered and re-rendered during a request when using Streaming Rendering.
Open the ItemPage.razor file and take a moment to read through the code. This component has been updated with a form that the user can use to add the item to their cart, or sign in if required. If the item is already in their basket, it displays the quantity.
Run the AppHost project and navigate to the web site homepage. Verify that the shopping basket icon is in the header and that after signing-in in it links to the cart page, and on the item pages an Add to shopping bag button is shown:

Next we'll make the changes required to make the web site shopping bag UI elements actually work.

Update the web site to use the Basket API

In the WebApp project, add a reference to the following NuGet packages:

Grpc.AspNetCore.Server.ClientFactory
Grpc.Tools

<PackageReference Include="Grpc.AspNetCore.Server.ClientFactory" Version="2.65.0" />
<PackageReference Include="Grpc.Tools" PrivateAssets="All" Version="2.65.0" />

In the WebApp.csproj project file, add the basket.proto file from the Basket.API project as a Protobuf item in the project and set the GrpcServices metadata to "Client" to indicate that it should be used to generate client-side code for the gRPC service:
```
<ItemGroup>
    <Protobuf Include="..\Basket.API\Protos\basket.proto" GrpcServices="Client" />
</ItemGroup>
```
Similar to the Basket.API project, the project system will automatically generate code behind the scenes to represent the messages and service defined in the basket.proto file. We'll use these generated types in our client service implementation.
Open the BasketService.cs file in the WebApp project and add some using statements to import the namespace and create some type aliases for the generated gRPC client types. This will make it easier to refer to them in the rest of the code:
```
using eShop.Basket.API.Grpc;
using GrpcBasketItem = eShop.Basket.API.Grpc.BasketItem;
using GrpcBasketClient = eShop.Basket.API.Grpc.Basket.BasketClient;
```
Update the BasketService constructor to accept a parameter of type GrpcBasketClient:
```
public class BasketService(GrpcBasketClient basketClient)
{
    
}
```

Add a private method to convert the CustomerBasketResponse message returned by the Basket.API service, to a list of the BasketQuantity model used by the web site:

private static List<BasketQuantity> MapToBasket(CustomerBasketResponse response)
{
    var result = new List<BasketQuantity>();

    foreach (var item in response.Items)
    {
        result.Add(new BasketQuantity(item.ProductId, item.Quantity));
    }

    return result;
}

The BasketQuantity type should already be defined at the bottom of the BasketService.cs file.

Update the GetBasketAsync method so that it actually calls the Basket.API service to get the customer basket items:

public async Task<IReadOnlyCollection<BasketQuantity>> GetBasketAsync()
{
    var result = await basketClient.GetBasketAsync(new());
    return MapToBasket(result);
}

Update the UpdateBasketAsync method so that it actually calls the Basket.API service to update the customer basket:

public async Task UpdateBasketAsync(IReadOnlyCollection<BasketQuantity> basket)
{
    var updatePayload = new UpdateBasketRequest();

    foreach (var item in basket)
    {
        var updateItem = new GrpcBasketItem
        {
            ProductId = item.ProductId,
            Quantity = item.Quantity,
        };
        updatePayload.Items.Add(updateItem);
    }

    await basketClient.UpdateBasketAsync(updatePayload);
}

In the HostingExtensions.cs file, add a line to register the Basket.BasketClient gRPC client in the application's DI container, and configure its Address property to point to the basket-api resource in the AppHost (adding the necessary using eShop.Basket.API.Grpc statement). Make sure you include a call to .AddAuthToken() to add the current user's access token to outgoing requests:
```
// HTTP and gRPC client registrations
builder.Services.AddGrpcClient<Basket.BasketClient>(o => o.Address = new("http://basket-api"))
    .AddAuthToken();

builder.Services.AddHttpClient<CatalogService>(o => o.BaseAddress = new("http://catalog-api"));

builder.Services.AddHttpClient(OpenIdConnectBackchannel, o => o.BaseAddress = new("http://idp"));
```
The code for AddAuthToken is already defined in the eShop.ServiceDefaults project. Take a moment to read through the code to understand how it works.
Run the AppHost project and load the web site home page. Ten seconds after the home page is initially displayed, you might see an error displayed with the message:
```
Grpc.Core.RpcException: Status(StatusCode="Unauthenticated", Detail="The caller is not authenticated.")
```
Use the dashboard page to observe more details about the error. The error is being thrown because the web site thinks the user is authenticated thanks to the authentication session cookie it manages (discussed in lab 3) and is trying to call the Basket.API service to get the customer basket items, but the access token inside the cookie is no longer valid due to our IdP state being discarded after every run, including the cryptographic keys that were used to sign the token.

To workaround this for now, use the browser developer tools to clear the cookies for the web site and then refresh the page. This will cause the user to be signed out so that you can sign in again and get a new access token. In a later lab we'll update the web site to handle this situation more gracefully.
At this point, you should be able to sign in to the web site, add items to the shopping basket, and view the shopping basket page. The shopping basket icon in the header should display the number of items in the basket, and the shopping basket page should display the items in the basket and allow the user to adjust the quantity of items:

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4-Add-Shopping-Basket

4-Add-Shopping-Basket

README.md

Add shopping basket capabilities to the web site

Add a gRPC service project

Visual Studio

dotnet CLI

Additional project configuration

Configure the Basket API to communicate with Redis

Define the gRPC service

Implement Redis storage logic

Implement the gRPC service to get the basket

Configure the Basket API to use JWT Bearer authentication

Implement the gRPC service to update the basket

Review the web site UI changes to support the shopping basket

Update the web site to use the Basket API

Files

4-Add-Shopping-Basket

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Folders and files

parent directory

README.md

Add shopping basket capabilities to the web site

Add a gRPC service project

Visual Studio

dotnet CLI

Additional project configuration

Configure the Basket API to communicate with Redis

Define the gRPC service

Implement Redis storage logic

Implement the gRPC service to get the basket

Configure the Basket API to use JWT Bearer authentication

Implement the gRPC service to update the basket

Review the web site UI changes to support the shopping basket

Update the web site to use the Basket API