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research.html
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
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<title>Pouria Mistani - Research</title>
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<header class="masthead">
<h3 class="text-muted"> </h3>
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<a class="nav-link" href="about.html">About</a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="research.html">Research<span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
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<h5>Computational Physical Simulations and Modeling</h5>
<p>
I am interested in developing mathematical models and scientific softwares for studying multiscale phenomena.
The ultimate goal of my research is developing reduced order mathematical models based on direct (&
compute-expensive) numerical simulations.
</p>
<p>
According to Holst (1994), "steps required to solve a scientific problem of current
interest using modern computers [involve]:
<ul>
<li>(1) Statement of the physical problem as a governing system of equations</li>
<li>(2) Analysis of the properties of the governing system</li>
<li>(3) Construction and analysis of an approximating system</li>
<li>(4) Development and analysis of numerical methods for the approximating system</li>
<li>(5) Efficient implementation of the numerical methods on sequential or parallel computers</li>
<li>(6) Analysis of the results."</li>
</ul>
<p>At different stages of my career I have focused on any of these steps. </p>
<p>For an overview of my research work please watch my 2020 presentation (left) or my talk at ICIAM 2023 (right):
</p>
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<h1> Research Highlights</h1>
</div>
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<div>
<h2>- Machine Learning:</h2>
<hr class="solid">
<h4>Neuro-Symbolic PDE Solver</h4>
<p>
We present a scalable strategy for development of mesh-free hybrid neuro-symbolic partial differential
equation solvers based on existing mesh-based numerical discretization methods. Particularly, this strategy
can be used to efficiently train neural network surrogate models for the solution functions and operators of
partial differential equations while retaining the accuracy and convergence properties of the
state-of-the-art numerical solvers. The presented neural bootstrapping method (hereby dubbed NBM) is based
on evaluation of the finite discretization residuals of the PDE system obtained on implicit Cartesian cells
centered on a set of random collocation points with respect to trainable parameters of the neural network.
We apply NBM to the important class of elliptic problems with jump conditions across irregular interfaces in
three spatial dimensions. We show the method is convergent such that model accuracy improves by increasing
number of collocation points in the domain. The algorithms presented here are implemented and released in a
software package named JAX-DIPS, standing for differentiable interfacial PDE solver.
JAX-DIPS is purely developed in JAX, offering end-to-end differentiability from mesh generation to the
higher level discretization abstractions, geometric integrations, and interpolations, thus facilitating
research into use of differentiable algorithms for developing hybrid PDE solvers.
</p>
<img src="img/nbm.png" class="img-fluid" alt="Cell's Photo">
</div>
</div>
<hr class="rounded">
<div class="row">
<h2>- HPC Simulations:</h2>
</div>
<hr class="solid">
<div class="grid-container">
<div>
<h4>Computational Biophysics: Cell Aggregate Electroporation</h4>
<p>
<ul>
<li> An efficient framework for <i>direct</i> simulations of the mesoscale cell aggregates (tissue scale) is
proposed.</li>
<li> The Electropermeabilization model is simulated on a Voronoi mesh in a parallel environment that is
developed in the context of the level-set method.</li>
<li> <i>For the first time</i>, direct simulations of the multi-scale electroporation phenomena such as
shadowing effect, permeabilization saturation, tissue-scale homogenization, and memory effects have become
possible.</li>
<li> The proposed framework surpasses the existing implementations by enabling simulations of arbitrarily
large tissues given enough number of processors being available.</li>
</ul>
</p>
</div>
<div>
<img src="img/ElectroFluct.png" class="img-fluid rounded-circle" alt="Cell's Photo">
</div>
<div>
<h4>Computational Materials Science: Epitaxial Growth</h4>
<p>
<ul>
<li> An efficient framework for simulating various features of epitaxial growth at the mesoscale is
proposed.</li>
<li> The island dynamics model (IDM) is simulated on a forest of quadtree grids in a parallel environment
that is developed in the context of the level-set method.</li>
<li> Both Dirichlet and Robin boundary conditions for the adatom density at the island boundaries are
implemented.</li>
<li> The proposed framework surpasses the existing implementations of the IDM in terms of efficiency by
several orders of magnitudes without loss of accuracy. </li>
</ul>
</p>
</div>
<div>
<img src="img/Dirichlet_L1000_proc_zoom.png" class="img-fluid rounded-circle" alt="Atom's Photo">
</div>
<div>
<h4>Computational Astrophysics: Formation and Evolution of Dwarf Galaxies</h4>
<p>
Galaxy clusters contain a large population of low-mass dwarf elliptical galaxies whose exact origin is
unclear: their colours, structural properties and kinematics differ substantially from those of dwarf
irregulars in the field.
We use the Illustris cosmological simulation to study differences in the assembly histories of dwarf
galaxies (3 × 10^8 < M*/M⊙ < 10^10) according to their environment. We find that cluster dwarfs achieve
their maximum total and stellar mass on average ∼8 and ∼4.5 Gyr ago (or redshifts z=1.0 and 0.4,
respectively), around the time of infall into the clusters. In contrast, field dwarfs not subjected to
environmental stripping reach their maximum mass at z=0. These different assembly trajectories naturally
produce a colour bimodality, with blue isolated dwarfs and redder cluster dwarfs exhibiting negligible
star formation today. The cessation of star formation happens over median times 3.5–5 Gyr depending on
stellar mass, and shows a large scatter (∼1–8 Gyr), with the lower values associated with starburst events
that occur at infall through the virial radius or pericentric passages. We argue that such starbursts
together with the early assembly of cluster dwarfs can provide a natural explanation for the higher
specific frequency of globular clusters (GCs) in cluster dwarfs, as found observationally. We present a
simple model for the formation and stripping of GCs that supports this interpretation. The origin of dwarf
ellipticals in clusters is, therefore, consistent with an environmentally driven evolution of field dwarf
irregulars. However, the z=0 field analogues of cluster dwarf progenitors have today stellar masses a
factor of ∼3 larger – a difference arising from the early truncation of star formation in cluster dwarfs.
</p>
</div>
<div>
<img src="img/newCluster.png" class="img-fluid rounded-circle" alt="Galaxy's Photo">
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