eval_coco.py

import os
import fnmatch

import shapely.geometry
from tqdm import tqdm
from multiprocess import Pool
import json

# COCO:
from pycocotools.coco import COCO
from pycocotools import mask as maskUtils
from pycocotools.cocoeval import Params
import datetime
import time
from collections import defaultdict
import copy
from functools import partial
import numpy as np

from lydorn_utils import python_utils, run_utils
from lydorn_utils import print_utils
from lydorn_utils import polygon_utils


def eval_coco(config):
    assert len(config["fold"]) == 1, "There should be only one specified fold"
    fold = config["fold"][0]
    if fold != "test":
        raise NotImplementedError

    pool = Pool(processes=config["num_workers"])

    # Find data dir
    root_dir_candidates = [os.path.join(data_dirpath, config["dataset_params"]["root_dirname"]) for data_dirpath in
                           config["data_dir_candidates"]]
    root_dir, paths_tried = python_utils.choose_first_existing_path(root_dir_candidates, return_tried_paths=True)
    if root_dir is None:
        print_utils.print_error(
            "ERROR: Data root directory amongst \"{}\" not found!".format(paths_tried))
        exit()
    print_utils.print_info("Using data from {}".format(root_dir))
    raw_dir = os.path.join(root_dir, "raw")

    # Get run's eval results dir
    results_dirpath = os.path.join(root_dir, config["eval_params"]["results_dirname"])
    run_results_dirpath = run_utils.setup_run_dir(results_dirpath, config["eval_params"]["run_name"], check_exists=True)

    # Setup coco
    annType = 'segm'

    # initialize COCO ground truth api
    gt_annotation_filename = "annotation-small.json" if config["dataset_params"]["small"] else "annotation.json"
    gt_annotation_filepath = os.path.join(raw_dir, "val",
                                          gt_annotation_filename)  # We are using the original val fold as our test fold
    print_utils.print_info("INFO: Load gt from " + gt_annotation_filepath)
    cocoGt = COCO(gt_annotation_filepath)

    # image_id = 0
    # annotation_ids = cocoGt.getAnnIds(imgIds=image_id)
    # annotation_list = cocoGt.loadAnns(annotation_ids)
    # print(annotation_list)

    # initialize COCO detections api
    annotation_filename_list = fnmatch.filter(os.listdir(run_results_dirpath), fold + ".annotation.*.json")
    eval_one_partial = partial(eval_one, run_results_dirpath=run_results_dirpath, cocoGt=cocoGt, config=config, annType=annType, pool=pool)

    # with Pool(8) as p:
    #     r = list(tqdm(p.imap(eval_one_partial, annotation_filename_list), total=len(annotation_filename_list)))
    for annotation_filename in annotation_filename_list:
        eval_one_partial(annotation_filename)


def eval_one(annotation_filename, run_results_dirpath, cocoGt, config, annType, pool=None):
    print("---eval_one")
    annotation_name = os.path.splitext(annotation_filename)[0]
    if "samples" in config:
        stats_filepath = os.path.join(run_results_dirpath,
                                      "{}.stats.{}.{}.json".format("test", annotation_name, config["samples"]))
        metrics_filepath = os.path.join(run_results_dirpath,
                                      "{}.metrics.{}.{}.json".format("test", annotation_name, config["samples"]))
    else:
        stats_filepath = os.path.join(run_results_dirpath, "{}.stats.{}.json".format("test", annotation_name))
        metrics_filepath = os.path.join(run_results_dirpath, "{}.metrics.{}.json".format("test", annotation_name))

    res_filepath = os.path.join(run_results_dirpath, annotation_filename)
    if not os.path.exists(res_filepath):
        print_utils.print_warning("WARNING: result not found at filepath {}".format(res_filepath))
        return
    print_utils.print_info("Evaluate {} annotations:".format(annotation_filename))
    try:
        cocoDt = cocoGt.loadRes(res_filepath)
    except AssertionError as e:
        print_utils.print_error("ERROR: {}".format(e))
        print_utils.print_info("INFO: continuing by removing unrecognised images")
        res = json.load(open(res_filepath))
        print("Initial res length:", len(res))
        annsImgIds = [ann["image_id"] for ann in res]
        image_id_rm = set(annsImgIds) - set(cocoGt.getImgIds())
        print_utils.print_warning("Remove {} image ids!".format(len(image_id_rm)))
        new_res = [ann for ann in res if ann["image_id"] not in image_id_rm]
        print("New res length:", len(new_res))
        cocoDt = cocoGt.loadRes(new_res)
        # {4601886185638229705, 4602408603195004682, 4597274499619802317, 4600985465712755606, 4597238470822783353,
        #  4597418614807878173}


    # image_id = 0
    # annotation_ids = cocoDt.getAnnIds(imgIds=image_id)
    # annotation_list = cocoDt.loadAnns(annotation_ids)
    # print(annotation_list)

    if not os.path.exists(stats_filepath):
        # Run COCOeval
        cocoEval = COCOeval(cocoGt, cocoDt, annType)
        cocoEval.evaluate()
        cocoEval.accumulate()
        cocoEval.summarize()

        # Save stats
        stats = {}
        stat_names = ["AP", "AP_50", "AP_75", "AP_S", "AP_M", "AP_L", "AR", "AR_50", "AR_75", "AR_S", "AR_M", "AR_L"]
        assert len(stat_names) == cocoEval.stats.shape[0]
        for i, stat_name in enumerate(stat_names):
            stats[stat_name] = cocoEval.stats[i]

        python_utils.save_json(stats_filepath, stats)
    else:
        print("COCO stats already computed, skipping...")

    if not os.path.exists(metrics_filepath):
        # Verify that cocoDt has polygonal segmentation masks and not raster masks:
        if isinstance(cocoDt.loadAnns(cocoDt.getAnnIds(imgIds=cocoDt.getImgIds()[0]))[0]["segmentation"], list):
            metrics = {}
            # Run additionnal metrics
            print_utils.print_info("INFO: Running contour metrics")
            contour_eval = ContourEval(cocoGt, cocoDt)
            max_angle_diffs = contour_eval.evaluate(pool=pool)
            metrics["max_angle_diffs"] = list(max_angle_diffs)
            python_utils.save_json(metrics_filepath, metrics)
    else:
        print("Contour metrics already computed, skipping...")


def compute_contour_metrics(gts_dts):
    gts, dts = gts_dts
    gt_polygons = [shapely.geometry.Polygon(np.array(coords).reshape(-1, 2)) for ann in gts
                   for coords in ann["segmentation"]]
    dt_polygons = [shapely.geometry.Polygon(np.array(coords).reshape(-1, 2)) for ann in dts
                   for coords in ann["segmentation"]]
    fixed_gt_polygons = polygon_utils.fix_polygons(gt_polygons, buffer=0.0001)  # Buffer adds vertices but is needed to repair some geometries
    fixed_dt_polygons = polygon_utils.fix_polygons(dt_polygons)
    # cosine_similarities, edge_distances = \
    #     polygon_utils.compute_polygon_contour_measures(dt_polygons, gt_polygons, sampling_spacing=2.0, min_precision=0.5,
    #                                                    max_stretch=2)
    max_angle_diffs = polygon_utils.compute_polygon_contour_measures(fixed_dt_polygons, fixed_gt_polygons, sampling_spacing=2.0, min_precision=0.5, max_stretch=2)

    return max_angle_diffs


class ContourEval:
    def __init__(self, coco_gt, coco_dt):
        """

        @param coco_gt: coco object with ground truth annotations
        @param coco_dt: coco object with detection results
        """
        self.coco_gt = coco_gt  # ground truth COCO API
        self.coco_dt = coco_dt  # detections COCO API

        self.img_ids = sorted(coco_gt.getImgIds())
        self.cat_ids = sorted(coco_dt.getCatIds())

    def evaluate(self, pool=None):
        gts = self.coco_gt.loadAnns(self.coco_gt.getAnnIds(imgIds=self.img_ids))
        dts = self.coco_dt.loadAnns(self.coco_dt.getAnnIds(imgIds=self.img_ids))

        _gts = defaultdict(list)  # gt for evaluation
        _dts = defaultdict(list)  # dt for evaluation
        for gt in gts:
            _gts[gt['image_id'], gt['category_id']].append(gt)
        for dt in dts:
            _dts[dt['image_id'], dt['category_id']].append(dt)
        evalImgs = defaultdict(list)  # per-image per-category evaluation results

        # Compute metric
        args_list = []
        # i = 1000
        for img_id in self.img_ids:
            for cat_id in self.cat_ids:
                gts = _gts[img_id, cat_id]
                dts = _dts[img_id, cat_id]
                args_list.append((gts, dts))
                # i -= 1
            # if i <= 0:
            #     break

        if pool is None:
            measures_list = []
            for args in tqdm(args_list, desc="Contour metrics"):
                measures_list.append(compute_contour_metrics(args))
        else:
            measures_list = list(tqdm(pool.imap(compute_contour_metrics, args_list), desc="Contour metrics", total=len(args_list)))
        measures_list = [measure for measures in measures_list for measure in measures]  # Flatten list
        # half_tangent_cosine_similarities_list, edge_distances_list = zip(*measures_list)
        # half_tangent_cosine_similarities_list = [item for item in half_tangent_cosine_similarities_list if item is not None]
        measures_list = [value for value in measures_list if value is not None]
        max_angle_diffs = np.array(measures_list)
        max_angle_diffs = max_angle_diffs * 180 / np.pi  # Convert to degrees

        return max_angle_diffs


class COCOeval:
    # Interface for evaluating detection on the Microsoft COCO dataset.
    #
    # The usage for CocoEval is as follows:
    #  cocoGt=..., cocoDt=...       # load dataset and results
    #  E = CocoEval(cocoGt,cocoDt); # initialize CocoEval object
    #  E.params.recThrs = ...;      # set parameters as desired
    #  E.evaluate();                # run per image evaluation
    #  E.accumulate();              # accumulate per image results
    #  E.summarize();               # display summary metrics of results
    # For example usage see evalDemo.m and http://mscoco.org/.
    #
    # The evaluation parameters are as follows (defaults in brackets):
    #  imgIds     - [all] N img ids to use for evaluation
    #  catIds     - [all] K cat ids to use for evaluation
    #  iouThrs    - [.5:.05:.95] T=10 IoU thresholds for evaluation
    #  recThrs    - [0:.01:1] R=101 recall thresholds for evaluation
    #  areaRng    - [...] A=4 object area ranges for evaluation
    #  maxDets    - [1 10 100] M=3 thresholds on max detections per image
    #  iouType    - ['segm'] set iouType to 'segm', 'bbox' or 'keypoints'
    #  iouType replaced the now DEPRECATED useSegm parameter.
    #  useCats    - [1] if true use category labels for evaluation
    # Note: if useCats=0 category labels are ignored as in proposal scoring.
    # Note: multiple areaRngs [Ax2] and maxDets [Mx1] can be specified.
    #
    # evaluate(): evaluates detections on every image and every category and
    # concats the results into the "evalImgs" with fields:
    #  dtIds      - [1xD] id for each of the D detections (dt)
    #  gtIds      - [1xG] id for each of the G ground truths (gt)
    #  dtMatches  - [TxD] matching gt id at each IoU or 0
    #  gtMatches  - [TxG] matching dt id at each IoU or 0
    #  dtScores   - [1xD] confidence of each dt
    #  gtIgnore   - [1xG] ignore flag for each gt
    #  dtIgnore   - [TxD] ignore flag for each dt at each IoU
    #
    # accumulate(): accumulates the per-image, per-category evaluation
    # results in "evalImgs" into the dictionary "eval" with fields:
    #  params     - parameters used for evaluation
    #  date       - date evaluation was performed
    #  counts     - [T,R,K,A,M] parameter dimensions (see above)
    #  precision  - [TxRxKxAxM] precision for every evaluation setting
    #  recall     - [TxKxAxM] max recall for every evaluation setting
    # Note: precision and recall==-1 for settings with no gt objects.
    #
    # See also coco, mask, pycocoDemo, pycocoEvalDemo
    #
    # Microsoft COCO Toolbox.      version 2.0
    # Data, paper, and tutorials available at:  http://mscoco.org/
    # Code written by Piotr Dollar and Tsung-Yi Lin, 2015.
    # Licensed under the Simplified BSD License [see coco/license.txt]
    def __init__(self, cocoGt=None, cocoDt=None, iouType='segm'):
        '''
        Initialize CocoEval using coco APIs for gt and dt
        :param cocoGt: coco object with ground truth annotations
        :param cocoDt: coco object with detection results
        :return: None
        '''
        if not iouType:
            print('iouType not specified. use default iouType segm')
        self.cocoGt = cocoGt  # ground truth COCO API
        self.cocoDt = cocoDt  # detections COCO API
        self.params = {}  # evaluation parameters
        self.evalImgs = defaultdict(list)  # per-image per-category evaluation results [KxAxI] elements
        self.eval = {}  # accumulated evaluation results
        self._gts = defaultdict(list)  # gt for evaluation
        self._dts = defaultdict(list)  # dt for evaluation
        self.params = Params(iouType=iouType)  # parameters
        self._paramsEval = {}  # parameters for evaluation
        self.stats = []  # result summarization
        self.ious = {}  # ious between all gts and dts
        if cocoGt is not None:
            self.params.imgIds = sorted(cocoGt.getImgIds())
            self.params.catIds = sorted(cocoGt.getCatIds())

    def _prepare(self):
        '''
        Prepare ._gts and ._dts for evaluation based on params
        :return: None
        '''

        def _toMask(anns, coco):
            # modify ann['segmentation'] by reference
            for ann in anns:
                rle = coco.annToRLE(ann)
                ann['rle'] = rle

        p = self.params
        if p.useCats:
            gts = self.cocoGt.loadAnns(self.cocoGt.getAnnIds(imgIds=p.imgIds, catIds=p.catIds))
            dts = self.cocoDt.loadAnns(self.cocoDt.getAnnIds(imgIds=p.imgIds, catIds=p.catIds))
        else:
            gts = self.cocoGt.loadAnns(self.cocoGt.getAnnIds(imgIds=p.imgIds))
            dts = self.cocoDt.loadAnns(self.cocoDt.getAnnIds(imgIds=p.imgIds))

        # convert ground truth to mask if iouType == 'segm'
        if p.iouType == 'segm':
            _toMask(gts, self.cocoGt)
            _toMask(dts, self.cocoDt)
        # set ignore flag
        for gt in gts:
            gt['ignore'] = gt['ignore'] if 'ignore' in gt else 0
            gt['ignore'] = 'iscrowd' in gt and gt['iscrowd']
            if p.iouType == 'keypoints':
                gt['ignore'] = (gt['num_keypoints'] == 0) or gt['ignore']
        self._gts = defaultdict(list)  # gt for evaluation
        self._dts = defaultdict(list)  # dt for evaluation
        for gt in gts:
            self._gts[gt['image_id'], gt['category_id']].append(gt)
        for dt in dts:
            self._dts[dt['image_id'], dt['category_id']].append(dt)
        self.evalImgs = defaultdict(list)  # per-image per-category evaluation results
        self.eval = {}  # accumulated evaluation results

    def evaluate(self):
        '''
        Run per image evaluation on given images and store results (a list of dict) in self.evalImgs
        :return: None
        '''
        tic = time.time()
        print('Running per image evaluation...')
        p = self.params
        # add backward compatibility if useSegm is specified in params
        if p.useSegm is not None:
            p.iouType = 'segm' if p.useSegm == 1 else 'bbox'
            print('useSegm (deprecated) is not None. Running {} evaluation'.format(p.iouType))
        print('Evaluate annotation type *{}*'.format(p.iouType))
        p.imgIds = list(np.unique(p.imgIds))
        if p.useCats:
            p.catIds = list(np.unique(p.catIds))
        p.maxDets = sorted(p.maxDets)
        self.params = p

        self._prepare()
        # loop through images, area range, max detection number
        catIds = p.catIds if p.useCats else [-1]

        if p.iouType == 'segm' or p.iouType == 'bbox':
            computeIoU = self.computeIoU
        elif p.iouType == 'keypoints':
            computeIoU = self.computeOks
        self.ious = {(imgId, catId): computeIoU(imgId, catId) \
                     for imgId in p.imgIds
                     for catId in catIds}

        evaluateImg = self.evaluateImg
        maxDet = p.maxDets[-1]
        self.evalImgs = [evaluateImg(imgId, catId, areaRng, maxDet)
                         for catId in catIds
                         for areaRng in p.areaRng
                         for imgId in p.imgIds
                         ]
        self._paramsEval = copy.deepcopy(self.params)
        toc = time.time()
        print('DONE (t={:0.2f}s).'.format(toc - tic))

    def computeIoU(self, imgId, catId):
        p = self.params
        if p.useCats:
            gt = self._gts[imgId, catId]
            dt = self._dts[imgId, catId]
        else:
            gt = [_ for cId in p.catIds for _ in self._gts[imgId, cId]]
            dt = [_ for cId in p.catIds for _ in self._dts[imgId, cId]]
        if len(gt) == 0 and len(dt) == 0:
            return []
        inds = np.argsort([-d['score'] for d in dt], kind='mergesort')
        dt = [dt[i] for i in inds]
        if len(dt) > p.maxDets[-1]:
            dt = dt[0:p.maxDets[-1]]

        if p.iouType == 'segm':
            g = [g['rle'] for g in gt]
            d = [d['rle'] for d in dt]
        elif p.iouType == 'bbox':
            g = [g['bbox'] for g in gt]
            d = [d['bbox'] for d in dt]
        else:
            raise Exception('unknown iouType for iou computation')

        # compute iou between each dt and gt region
        iscrowd = [int(o['iscrowd']) for o in gt]
        ious = maskUtils.iou(d, g, iscrowd)
        return ious

    def computeOks(self, imgId, catId):
        p = self.params
        # dimention here should be Nxm
        gts = self._gts[imgId, catId]
        dts = self._dts[imgId, catId]
        inds = np.argsort([-d['score'] for d in dts], kind='mergesort')
        dts = [dts[i] for i in inds]
        if len(dts) > p.maxDets[-1]:
            dts = dts[0:p.maxDets[-1]]
        # if len(gts) == 0 and len(dts) == 0:
        if len(gts) == 0 or len(dts) == 0:
            return []
        ious = np.zeros((len(dts), len(gts)))
        sigmas = np.array(
            [.26, .25, .25, .35, .35, .79, .79, .72, .72, .62, .62, 1.07, 1.07, .87, .87, .89, .89]) / 10.0
        vars = (sigmas * 2) ** 2
        k = len(sigmas)
        # compute oks between each detection and ground truth object
        for j, gt in enumerate(gts):
            # create bounds for ignore regions(double the gt bbox)
            g = np.array(gt['keypoints'])
            xg = g[0::3];
            yg = g[1::3];
            vg = g[2::3]
            k1 = np.count_nonzero(vg > 0)
            bb = gt['bbox']
            x0 = bb[0] - bb[2];
            x1 = bb[0] + bb[2] * 2
            y0 = bb[1] - bb[3];
            y1 = bb[1] + bb[3] * 2
            for i, dt in enumerate(dts):
                d = np.array(dt['keypoints'])
                xd = d[0::3];
                yd = d[1::3]
                if k1 > 0:
                    # measure the per-keypoint distance if keypoints visible
                    dx = xd - xg
                    dy = yd - yg
                else:
                    # measure minimum distance to keypoints in (x0,y0) & (x1,y1)
                    z = np.zeros((k))
                    dx = np.max((z, x0 - xd), axis=0) + np.max((z, xd - x1), axis=0)
                    dy = np.max((z, y0 - yd), axis=0) + np.max((z, yd - y1), axis=0)
                e = (dx ** 2 + dy ** 2) / vars / (gt['area'] + np.spacing(1)) / 2
                if k1 > 0:
                    e = e[vg > 0]
                ious[i, j] = np.sum(np.exp(-e)) / e.shape[0]
        return ious

    def evaluateImg(self, imgId, catId, aRng, maxDet):
        '''
        perform evaluation for single category and image
        :return: dict (single image results)
        '''
        p = self.params
        if p.useCats:
            gt = self._gts[imgId, catId]
            dt = self._dts[imgId, catId]
        else:
            gt = [_ for cId in p.catIds for _ in self._gts[imgId, cId]]
            dt = [_ for cId in p.catIds for _ in self._dts[imgId, cId]]
        if len(gt) == 0 and len(dt) == 0:
            return None

        for g in gt:
            if g['ignore'] or (g['area'] < aRng[0] or g['area'] > aRng[1]):
                g['_ignore'] = 1
            else:
                g['_ignore'] = 0

        # sort dt highest score first, sort gt ignore last
        gtind = np.argsort([g['_ignore'] for g in gt], kind='mergesort')
        gt = [gt[i] for i in gtind]
        dtind = np.argsort([-d['score'] for d in dt], kind='mergesort')
        dt = [dt[i] for i in dtind[0:maxDet]]
        iscrowd = [int(o['iscrowd']) for o in gt]
        # load computed ious
        ious = self.ious[imgId, catId][:, gtind] if len(self.ious[imgId, catId]) > 0 else self.ious[imgId, catId]

        T = len(p.iouThrs)
        G = len(gt)
        D = len(dt)
        gtm = np.zeros((T, G))
        dtm = np.zeros((T, D))
        gtIg = np.array([g['_ignore'] for g in gt])
        dtIg = np.zeros((T, D))
        if len(ious):
            for tind, t in enumerate(p.iouThrs):
                for dind, d in enumerate(dt):
                    # information about best match so far (m=-1 -> unmatched)
                    iou = min([t, 1 - 1e-10])
                    m = -1
                    for gind, g in enumerate(gt):
                        # if this gt already matched, and not a crowd, continue
                        if gtm[tind, gind] > 0 and not iscrowd[gind]:
                            continue
                        # if dt matched to reg gt, and on ignore gt, stop
                        if m > -1 and gtIg[m] == 0 and gtIg[gind] == 1:
                            break
                        # continue to next gt unless better match made
                        if ious[dind, gind] < iou:
                            continue
                        # if match successful and best so far, store appropriately
                        iou = ious[dind, gind]
                        m = gind
                    # if match made store id of match for both dt and gt
                    if m == -1:
                        continue
                    dtIg[tind, dind] = gtIg[m]
                    dtm[tind, dind] = gt[m]['id']
                    gtm[tind, m] = d['id']
        # set unmatched detections outside of area range to ignore
        a = np.array([d['area'] < aRng[0] or d['area'] > aRng[1] for d in dt]).reshape((1, len(dt)))
        dtIg = np.logical_or(dtIg, np.logical_and(dtm == 0, np.repeat(a, T, 0)))
        # store results for given image and category
        return {
            'image_id': imgId,
            'category_id': catId,
            'aRng': aRng,
            'maxDet': maxDet,
            'dtIds': [d['id'] for d in dt],
            'gtIds': [g['id'] for g in gt],
            'dtMatches': dtm,
            'gtMatches': gtm,
            'dtScores': [d['score'] for d in dt],
            'gtIgnore': gtIg,
            'dtIgnore': dtIg,
        }

    def accumulate(self, p=None):
        '''
        Accumulate per image evaluation results and store the result in self.eval
        :param p: input params for evaluation
        :return: None
        '''
        print('Accumulating evaluation results...')
        tic = time.time()
        if not self.evalImgs:
            print('Please run evaluate() first')
        # allows input customized parameters
        if p is None:
            p = self.params
        p.catIds = p.catIds if p.useCats == 1 else [-1]
        T = len(p.iouThrs)
        R = len(p.recThrs)
        K = len(p.catIds) if p.useCats else 1
        A = len(p.areaRng)
        M = len(p.maxDets)
        precision = -np.ones((T, R, K, A, M))  # -1 for the precision of absent categories
        recall = -np.ones((T, K, A, M))
        scores = -np.ones((T, R, K, A, M))

        # create dictionary for future indexing
        _pe = self._paramsEval
        catIds = _pe.catIds if _pe.useCats else [-1]
        setK = set(catIds)
        setA = set(map(tuple, _pe.areaRng))
        setM = set(_pe.maxDets)
        setI = set(_pe.imgIds)
        # get inds to evaluate
        k_list = [n for n, k in enumerate(p.catIds) if k in setK]
        m_list = [m for n, m in enumerate(p.maxDets) if m in setM]
        a_list = [n for n, a in enumerate(map(lambda x: tuple(x), p.areaRng)) if a in setA]
        i_list = [n for n, i in enumerate(p.imgIds) if i in setI]
        I0 = len(_pe.imgIds)
        A0 = len(_pe.areaRng)
        # retrieve E at each category, area range, and max number of detections
        for k, k0 in enumerate(k_list):
            Nk = k0 * A0 * I0
            for a, a0 in enumerate(a_list):
                Na = a0 * I0
                for m, maxDet in enumerate(m_list):
                    E = [self.evalImgs[Nk + Na + i] for i in i_list]
                    E = [e for e in E if not e is None]
                    if len(E) == 0:
                        continue
                    dtScores = np.concatenate([e['dtScores'][0:maxDet] for e in E])

                    # different sorting method generates slightly different results.
                    # mergesort is used to be consistent as Matlab implementation.
                    inds = np.argsort(-dtScores, kind='mergesort')
                    dtScoresSorted = dtScores[inds]

                    dtm = np.concatenate([e['dtMatches'][:, 0:maxDet] for e in E], axis=1)[:, inds]
                    dtIg = np.concatenate([e['dtIgnore'][:, 0:maxDet] for e in E], axis=1)[:, inds]
                    gtIg = np.concatenate([e['gtIgnore'] for e in E])
                    npig = np.count_nonzero(gtIg == 0)
                    if npig == 0:
                        continue
                    tps = np.logical_and(dtm, np.logical_not(dtIg))
                    fps = np.logical_and(np.logical_not(dtm), np.logical_not(dtIg))

                    tp_sum = np.cumsum(tps, axis=1).astype(dtype=np.float)
                    fp_sum = np.cumsum(fps, axis=1).astype(dtype=np.float)
                    for t, (tp, fp) in enumerate(zip(tp_sum, fp_sum)):
                        tp = np.array(tp)
                        fp = np.array(fp)
                        nd = len(tp)
                        rc = tp / npig
                        pr = tp / (fp + tp + np.spacing(1))
                        q = np.zeros((R,))
                        ss = np.zeros((R,))

                        if nd:
                            recall[t, k, a, m] = rc[-1]
                        else:
                            recall[t, k, a, m] = 0

                        # numpy is slow without cython optimization for accessing elements
                        # use python array gets significant speed improvement
                        pr = pr.tolist()
                        q = q.tolist()

                        for i in range(nd - 1, 0, -1):
                            if pr[i] > pr[i - 1]:
                                pr[i - 1] = pr[i]

                        inds = np.searchsorted(rc, p.recThrs, side='left')
                        try:
                            for ri, pi in enumerate(inds):
                                q[ri] = pr[pi]
                                ss[ri] = dtScoresSorted[pi]
                        except:
                            pass
                        precision[t, :, k, a, m] = np.array(q)
                        scores[t, :, k, a, m] = np.array(ss)
        self.eval = {
            'params': p,
            'counts': [T, R, K, A, M],
            'date': datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),
            'precision': precision,
            'recall': recall,
            'scores': scores,
        }
        toc = time.time()
        print('DONE (t={:0.2f}s).'.format(toc - tic))

    def summarize(self):
        '''
        Compute and display summary metrics for evaluation results.
        Note this function can *only* be applied on the default parameter setting
        '''

        def _summarize(ap=1, iouThr=None, areaRng='all', maxDets=100):
            p = self.params
            iStr = ' {:<18} {} @[ IoU={:<9} | area={:>6s} | maxDets={:>3d} ] = {:0.3f}'
            titleStr = 'Average Precision' if ap == 1 else 'Average Recall'
            typeStr = '(AP)' if ap == 1 else '(AR)'
            iouStr = '{:0.2f}:{:0.2f}'.format(p.iouThrs[0], p.iouThrs[-1]) \
                if iouThr is None else '{:0.2f}'.format(iouThr)

            aind = [i for i, aRng in enumerate(p.areaRngLbl) if aRng == areaRng]
            mind = [i for i, mDet in enumerate(p.maxDets) if mDet == maxDets]
            if ap == 1:
                # dimension of precision: [TxRxKxAxM]
                s = self.eval['precision']
                # IoU
                if iouThr is not None:
                    t = np.where(iouThr == p.iouThrs)[0]
                    s = s[t]
                s = s[:, :, :, aind, mind]
            else:
                # dimension of recall: [TxKxAxM]
                s = self.eval['recall']
                if iouThr is not None:
                    t = np.where(iouThr == p.iouThrs)[0]
                    s = s[t]
                s = s[:, :, aind, mind]
            if len(s[s > -1]) == 0:
                mean_s = -1
            else:
                mean_s = np.mean(s[s > -1])
            print(iStr.format(titleStr, typeStr, iouStr, areaRng, maxDets, mean_s))
            return mean_s

        def _summarizeDets():
            stats = np.zeros((12,))
            stats[0] = _summarize(1)
            stats[1] = _summarize(1, iouThr=.5, maxDets=self.params.maxDets[2])
            stats[2] = _summarize(1, iouThr=.75, maxDets=self.params.maxDets[2])
            stats[3] = _summarize(1, areaRng='small', maxDets=self.params.maxDets[2])
            stats[4] = _summarize(1, areaRng='medium', maxDets=self.params.maxDets[2])
            stats[5] = _summarize(1, areaRng='large', maxDets=self.params.maxDets[2])
            stats[6] = _summarize(0)
            stats[7] = _summarize(0, iouThr=0.5, maxDets=self.params.maxDets[2])
            stats[8] = _summarize(0, iouThr=0.75, maxDets=self.params.maxDets[2])
            stats[9] = _summarize(0, areaRng='small', maxDets=self.params.maxDets[2])
            stats[10] = _summarize(0, areaRng='medium', maxDets=self.params.maxDets[2])
            stats[11] = _summarize(0, areaRng='large', maxDets=self.params.maxDets[2])
            return stats

        def _summarizeKps():
            stats = np.zeros((10,))
            stats[0] = _summarize(1, maxDets=20)
            stats[1] = _summarize(1, maxDets=20, iouThr=.5)
            stats[2] = _summarize(1, maxDets=20, iouThr=.75)
            stats[3] = _summarize(1, maxDets=20, areaRng='medium')
            stats[4] = _summarize(1, maxDets=20, areaRng='large')
            stats[5] = _summarize(0, maxDets=20)
            stats[6] = _summarize(0, maxDets=20, iouThr=.5)
            stats[7] = _summarize(0, maxDets=20, iouThr=.75)
            stats[8] = _summarize(0, maxDets=20, areaRng='medium')
            stats[9] = _summarize(0, maxDets=20, areaRng='large')
            return stats

        if not self.eval:
            raise Exception('Please run accumulate() first')
        iouType = self.params.iouType
        if iouType == 'segm' or iouType == 'bbox':
            summarize = _summarizeDets
        elif iouType == 'keypoints':
            summarize = _summarizeKps
        self.stats = summarize()

    def __str__(self):
        self.summarize()