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Systemd

Table of Contents

Services Management

# start
$ systemctl start app.service

# stop
$ systemctl stop app.service

# restart
$ systemctl restart app.service

# reload
$ systemctl reload app.service

# reload a daemon after modifying a unit
$ systemctl daemon-reload

# enable a service
$ systemctl enable app.service

# disable a service
$ systemctl disable app.service

# check status
$ systemctl status app.service

# check is active
$ systemctl is-active app.service

# check is enabled
$ systemctl is-enabled app.service

# list all units
$ systemctl list-units

# list all timers
$ systemctl list-timers

User Services

$ sudo loginctl enable-linger $USER
$ mkdir -p ~/.config/systemd/user/

# allow journalctl --user -xe -f --all
$ vim /etc/systemd/journald.conf

[Journal]
Storage=persistent

# move app.service to ~/.config/systemd/user/
$ systemctl --user start app.service

Service Unit

# app.service
#
# $ systemctl enable app.service
# $ systemctl start app.service
# $ systemctl status app.service

[Unit]
Description=Run an application

[Service]
Type=simple
Restart=always
RestartSec=30
WorkingDirectory=/path/to/app
ExecStart=/bin/bash run.sh

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Timer Unit

# job.timer
#
# $ systemctl enable job.timer
# $ systemctl start job.timer
# $ systemctl list-timers

[Unit]
Description=Run a timer

[Timer]
OnBootSec=10min
OnUnitActiveSec=1m
Unit=job.service

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
# job.service

[Unit]
Description=Run a job

[Service]
Type=oneshot
WorkingDirectory=/path/to/job/folder
ExecStart=/bin/bash run.sh

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
          Minimal form              Normalized form
  Sat,Thu,Mon..Wed,Sat..Sun → Mon..Thu,Sat,Sun *-*-* 00:00:00
      Mon,Sun 12-*-* 2,1:23 → Mon,Sun 2012-*-* 01,02:23:00
                    Wed *-1 → Wed *-*-01 00:00:00
           Wed..Wed,Wed *-1 → Wed *-*-01 00:00:00
                 Wed, 17:48 → Wed *-*-* 17:48:00
Wed..Sat,Tue 12-10-15 1:2:3 → Tue..Sat 2012-10-15 01:02:03
                *-*-7 0:0:0 → *-*-07 00:00:00
                      10-15 → *-10-15 00:00:00
        monday *-12-* 17:00 → Mon *-12-* 17:00:00
  Mon,Fri *-*-3,1,2 *:30:45 → Mon,Fri *-*-01,02,03 *:30:45
       12,14,13,12:20,10,30 → *-*-* 12,13,14:10,20,30:00
            12..14:10,20,30 → *-*-* 12..14:10,20,30:00
  mon,fri *-1/2-1,3 *:30:45 → Mon,Fri *-01/2-01,03 *:30:45
             03-05 08:05:40 → *-03-05 08:05:40
                   08:05:40 → *-*-* 08:05:40
                      05:40 → *-*-* 05:40:00
     Sat,Sun 12-05 08:05:40 → Sat,Sun *-12-05 08:05:40
           Sat,Sun 08:05:40 → Sat,Sun *-*-* 08:05:40
           2003-03-05 05:40 → 2003-03-05 05:40:00
 05:40:23.4200004/3.1700005 → *-*-* 05:40:23.420000/3.170001
             2003-02..04-05 → 2003-02..04-05 00:00:00
       2003-03-05 05:40 UTC → 2003-03-05 05:40:00 UTC
                 2003-03-05 → 2003-03-05 00:00:00
                      03-05 → *-03-05 00:00:00
                     hourly → *-*-* *:00:00
                      daily → *-*-* 00:00:00
                  daily UTC → *-*-* 00:00:00 UTC
                    monthly → *-*-01 00:00:00
                     weekly → Mon *-*-* 00:00:00
    weekly Pacific/Auckland → Mon *-*-* 00:00:00 Pacific/Auckland
                     yearly → *-01-01 00:00:00
                   annually → *-01-01 00:00:00
                      *:2/3 → *-*-* *:02/3:00