Each red dot in the plot above corresponds to the coordinates of a column of A represented in the 2-D plane.
+Each red dot in the plot above corresponds to the coordinates of a column of A represented in the 2-D plane.
Now, let’s compute the covariance matrix of A:
@@ -954,7 +954,7 @@ 
diff --git a/searchindex.js b/searchindex.js
index bdc0c93..b8c0dcb 100644
--- a/searchindex.js
+++ b/searchindex.js
@@ -1 +1 @@
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is the grammar of science\u2026","Lies, damned lies and statistics\u2026","What are statistics good for?","Example: Sensitivity of Standard Deviation to Sampling","Descriptive Statistics","Summary Statistics: Part I","Summary Statistics: Part II","<no title>","What is a distribution?","What is ENSO?","The Central Limit Theorem","Statistical Hypothesis Testing","The Standard Normal Distribution","The Standard Normal Distribution","Basic Probability","Resampling Techniques","Signal-to-Noise","Estimating Statistical Significance with a z-test","The t-Statistic","The z-Statistic","The z-Statistic","Assumptions of Linear Regression","Introduction to Linear Regression","Compositing","Confidence Intervals","Filtering or Detrending using Regression","Goodness of Fit","Linear Regression","Autocorrelation","Correlation","Review of Correlation","Non-parametric Correlations","Statistical Significance of Correlation Coefficients","Autocorrelation in Climate and Geophysical Data","Example: Correlation with Memory","Accounting for Autocorrelation: Effective Sample Size","Persistence in Time Series","Introduction to Red Noise","Filtering in the Time Domain: Part II","Convolution and Filtering in the Time Domain","Time Series Analysis","Filtering in the Frequency Domain: Discrete Fourier Transform","Fast Fourier Transform","Continuous Power Spectrum and the Significance of Spectral Peaks","Filtering in the Time Domain: Part I","Spectral Leakage","Introduction to Principal Component Analysis","Eigenanalysis","EOFs via Eigenanalysis","Review of Linear Algebra","EOFs with Real Data","Patterns in Multivariate Data","Epilogue","Climate and Geophysical Data Analysis","About this book","How to use this 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is the grammar of science\u2026","Lies, damned lies and statistics\u2026","What are statistics good for?","Example: Sensitivity of Standard Deviation to Sampling","Descriptive Statistics","Summary Statistics: Part I","Summary Statistics: Part II","<no title>","What is a distribution?","What is ENSO?","The Central Limit Theorem","Statistical Hypothesis Testing","The Standard Normal Distribution","The Standard Normal Distribution","Basic Probability","Resampling Techniques","Signal-to-Noise","Estimating Statistical Significance with a z-test","The t-Statistic","The z-Statistic","The z-Statistic","Assumptions of Linear Regression","Introduction to Linear Regression","Compositing","Confidence Intervals","Filtering or Detrending using Regression","Goodness of Fit","Linear Regression","Autocorrelation","Correlation","Review of Correlation","Non-parametric Correlations","Statistical Significance of Correlation Coefficients","Autocorrelation in Climate and Geophysical Data","Example: Correlation with Memory","Accounting for Autocorrelation: Effective Sample Size","Persistence in Time Series","Introduction to Red Noise","Filtering in the Time Domain: Part II","Convolution and Filtering in the Time Domain","Time Series Analysis","Filtering in the Frequency Domain: Discrete Fourier Transform","Fast Fourier Transform","Continuous Power Spectrum and the Significance of Spectral Peaks","Filtering in the Time Domain: Part I","Spectral Leakage","Introduction to Principal Component Analysis","Eigenanalysis","EOFs via Eigenanalysis","Review of Linear Algebra","EOFs with Real Data","Patterns in Multivariate Data","Epilogue","Climate and Geophysical Data Analysis","About this book","How to use this book","Introduction"],titleterms:{"0":[31,33],"1":[6,7,18,20,21,22,33,38,44,45,47,50,51],"10":[20,21],"2":[6,7,18,20,21,22,33,45,47,50,51],"2d":[47,51],"3":[7,18,20,21,22,45,47,51],"3d":[47,51],"4":[18,20,21,22,39,47,51],"5":[19,20,21,47,51],"6":[19,20,21,51],"7":[20,21],"8":[20,21],"9":[20,21],"95":34,"case":51,"function":[13,14,29,38,39,46],"import":1,"long":45,"ni\u00f13":47,"ni\u00f1o3":47,"null":[17,33],A:[1,2,29,42,43,48,51],No:22,The:[6,9,11,13,14,17,19,20,21,22,23,43,50],about:[43,51,55],account:36,acf:38,aka:32,algebra:50,altern:46,analysi:[0,41,46,47,54],anomali:47,appli:47,ar:[1,3,22,51],area:47,arrai:[47,51],asid:[22,23],assumpt:[19,22],atlant:51,autocorrel:[22,29,34,36,38],autocovari:29,averag:47,back:29,band:25,basi:[49,50],basic:15,best:[1,23,34],bias:2,bit:6,book:[55,56],bootstrap:16,boxcar:46,c:49,calcul:[47,51],california:23,can:[33,39],central:11,chang:49,characterist:[29,46],climat:[0,34,54],climatolog:45,clt:11,coeffici:[27,33,38],column:50,common:2,compar:33,comparison:19,complex:43,compon:[47,49],composit:24,comput:47,condit:15,confid:[18,19,25,33,34],construct:44,continu:44,convert:[47,51],convolut:[40,46],correl:[2,27,29,30,31,32,33,35],covari:[47,50,51],cumul:[13,14],cycl:[39,45],damn:2,data:[0,2,23,34,36,47,51,52,54],decomposit:42,definit:[6,19,38],degress:46,demonstr:11,densiti:[13,14],descript:5,determin:50,detrend:26,deviat:[4,6,47],dft:44,discret:42,distribut:[9,13,14,22,31],doe:34,domain:[39,40,42,45],drawback:44,durbin:22,e_1:49,effect:36,eigenanalysi:[47,48,49,51],eigenvalu:48,eigenvector:48,enso:[10,23],eof:[49,51],epilogu:53,error:[18,23],estim:[18,25],exampl:[4,20,21,23,29,34,35,36,45,46],explain:42,fast:43,few:[1,2,6,29,42,48],filter:[26,39,40,42,45],find:49,first:6,fit:[23,27,34],five:18,fourier:[39,42,43],framework:39,freedom:46,frequenc:[39,42],geophys:[0,34,54],goldfeld:22,good:[3,27],grammar:1,grid:51,harmon:39,higher:7,histogram:9,homoscedast:22,how:[51,56],hypothesi:[12,17,18,19,33],i:[6,45],ii:[7,39],independ:[22,50],index:47,inner:50,intercept:25,interpret:48,intersect:15,interv:[18,19,25,33,34],introduct:[23,38,39,47,57],invers:[43,50],isol:47,jackknif:16,kei:[19,29,49],kendal:32,khinchin:44,kurtosi:7,larger:33,leakag:46,least:23,li:2,limit:11,line:[23,34],linear:[22,23,28,50],local:45,lower:[34,36],mani:51,mathbf:49,matric:50,matrix:[47,50,51],matter:34,maxim:49,mean:[6,45,47,51],meaning:51,meaningless:2,memori:35,method:[39,40,45,46],mine:2,minim:[23,46],mislead:2,miss:[47,51],moment:[6,7],month:47,multipli:50,multivari:52,n:36,nao:51,neq:[31,33],nois:[17,38,44],nomenclatur:6,non:[32,33],normal:[13,14,22],north:51,notat:[15,50],note:[29,42,43,51],np:29,nyquist:39,ol:23,onto:49,option:51,ordinari:23,oscil:51,our:29,out:45,overlap:46,pacif:47,parametr:32,part:[6,7,39,45],pattern:52,pc:[49,51],pca:47,peak:44,perform:[47,51],persist:37,pitfal:2,plot:[2,44],point:49,popul:33,power:44,practic:1,precipit:23,predictor:22,present:51,princip:[47,49],probabl:[13,14,15],problem:[42,46,47,49],product:50,properi:38,properti:[36,48],q:23,quandt:22,question:[18,19,20,21,33,38,44],r:31,rank:[32,50],real:51,red:[38,44],region:47,regress:[22,23,24,26,28,45],reject:33,remov:51,resampl:16,resembl:49,residu:22,respons:46,review:[31,39,50],revisit:[18,23,36],rho:[31,33],run:[45,47],s:[32,46],sampl:[2,4,19,31,36],scienc:1,season:[39,45],segment:46,sensit:4,seri:[37,38,39,41,49],set:[42,46,47,49],signal:17,signific:[18,33,44],simpl:18,sinc:33,sine:39,size:[2,19,36],skew:7,slope:25,small:[2,19],so:1,space:50,spearman:32,spectral:[44,46],spectrum:44,spuriou:2,squar:23,sst:47,standard:[4,6,13,14,47,51],statist:[1,2,3,5,6,7,12,18,19,20,21,33],step:[18,24,47,51],studi:51,sum:23,summari:[6,7,49],t:[19,33,39],t_c:33,tau:32,techniqu:16,temperatur:[34,36],term:45,terminolog:[18,23],test:[12,17,18,19,22,44],than:33,theorem:[11,44,46],thi:[34,39,55,56],thing:42,time:[37,38,39,40,41,45,49],transform:[22,42,43],transpos:50,trend:45,tropic:47,tropospher:[34,36],two:[33,50],type:50,uncorrel:22,union:15,up:[42,46,47,49],us:[26,39,45,56],valu:47,variabl:22,varianc:[6,42],variat:45,vector:50,versu:24,via:49,visual:23,watson:22,wavenumb:39,we:[33,39],weight:51,welch:46,what:[3,9,10],when:[19,31,33],white:38,why:[1,34],wiener:44,window:46,write:39,x:49,y:39,z:[18,19,20,21],zero:33}})
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