diff --git a/src/app.tsx b/src/app.tsx
index 119a18e..7c2ecfe 100644
--- a/src/app.tsx
+++ b/src/app.tsx
@@ -6,13 +6,11 @@ import { GameState, MouseState, SceneState, mkSceneState } from './core/state';
 import { Instructions } from './ui/instructions';
 import { key } from './ui/key';
 import { paint } from './ui/render';
+import { resizeView } from './ui/ui-helpers';
 import { CanvasInfo, useCanvas } from './ui/use-canvas';
 import { useEffectfulReducer } from './ui/use-effectful-reducer';
-import { canvas_bds_in_canvas } from './ui/widget-helpers';
 import { DEBUG } from './util/debug';
 import { relpos } from './util/dutil';
-import { Point } from './util/types';
-import { vint } from './util/vutil';
 
 export type GameProps = {
   state: GameState,
@@ -146,33 +144,7 @@ function render(ci: CanvasInfo, props: CanvasProps) {
   paint(ci, props.main);
 }
 
-export type ViewData = {
-  wsize: Point,
-};
-
-export function resizeView(c: HTMLCanvasElement): ViewData {
-  const ratio = devicePixelRatio;
-
-  const parent = c.parentElement?.getBoundingClientRect();
-  const w = canvas_bds_in_canvas.sz.x;
-  const h = canvas_bds_in_canvas.sz.y;
-
-  c.width = w;
-  c.height = h;
-
-  const ow = w;
-  const oh = h;
 
-  c.width = ow * ratio;
-  c.height = oh * ratio;
-
-  c.style.width = ow + 'px';
-  c.style.height = oh + 'px';
-
-  const wsize = vint({ x: c.width / ratio, y: c.height / ratio });
-
-  return { wsize };
-}
 
 export function doEffect(state: SceneState, dispatch: (action: Action) => void, effect: Effect): void {
   return;
diff --git a/src/core/action.ts b/src/core/action.ts
index cf42c17..8c83d1a 100644
--- a/src/core/action.ts
+++ b/src/core/action.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { ViewData } from '../app';
+import { ViewData } from '../ui/ui-helpers';
 import { Point } from '../util/types';
 import { SceneState } from './state';
 
@@ -6,22 +6,27 @@ import { SceneState } from './state';
 // on view state, and other GameActions, which should be treated
 // uniformly.
 
-export type GameAction = { t: 'none'; } |
-  UiAction;
-// I think I want to migrate some of these up to GameAction
+export type GameAction =
+  | { t: 'none' }
+  | UiAction;
 
-export type UiAction = { t: 'key'; code: string; } |
-{ t: 'mouseDown'; button: number; p: Point; } |
-{ t: 'mouseUp'; p: Point; } |
-{ t: 'mouseMove'; p: Point; } |
-{ t: 'wheel'; p: Point; delta: number; } |
-{ t: 'repaint'; };
+// I think I want to migrate some of these up to GameAction
+export type UiAction =
+  | { t: 'key', code: string }
+  | { t: 'mouseDown', button: number, p: Point }
+  | { t: 'mouseUp', p: Point }
+  | { t: 'mouseMove', p: Point }
+  | { t: 'wheel', p: Point, delta: number }
+  | { t: 'repaint' }
+  ;
 
-export type Action = { t: 'resize'; vd: ViewData; } |
-{ t: 'newGame'; } |
-{ t: 'setSceneState'; state: SceneState; } |
-  GameAction;
+export type Action =
+  | { t: 'resize', vd: ViewData }
+  | { t: 'newGame' }
+  | { t: 'setSceneState', state: SceneState }
+  | GameAction
+  ;
 
-export type Effect = { t: 'none'; };
+export type Effect = { t: 'none' };
 
 export type Dispatch = (action: Action) => void;
diff --git a/src/ui/instructions.tsx b/src/ui/instructions.tsx
index 837fec9..1d43f75 100644
--- a/src/ui/instructions.tsx
+++ b/src/ui/instructions.tsx
@@ -2,9 +2,20 @@ import * as React from 'react';
 import { useEffect } from 'react';
 import { Dispatch } from '../core/action';
 import { bonusGenerator } from '../core/bonus';
-import { mkGridOf } from '../core/grid';
+import { checkConnected, mkGridOf } from '../core/grid';
 import { mkLayer } from '../core/layer';
-import { SceneState } from '../core/state';
+import { GameState, SceneState } from '../core/state';
+import { paint } from './render';
+import { resizeView } from './ui-helpers';
+import { CanvasInfo, useCanvas } from './use-canvas';
+import { checkValid } from '../core/state-helpers';
+import { PANIC_INTERVAL_MS } from '../core/clock';
+import { Point } from '../util/types';
+
+export type ForRenderState = GameState;
+type CanvasProps = {
+  main: ForRenderState,
+};
 
 export function Instructions(props: { dispatch: Dispatch }): JSX.Element {
   const { dispatch } = props;
@@ -20,12 +31,30 @@ export function Instructions(props: { dispatch: Dispatch }): JSX.Element {
       document.removeEventListener('mousedown', mouseDownListener);
     }
   });
-  return <span>Instructions go here</span>;
+
+
+  const state = exampleState();
+  const [cref, mc] = useCanvas<CanvasProps>(
+    { main: state }, render, [state], ci => {
+      dispatch({ t: 'resize', vd: resizeView(ci.c) });
+    });
+
+  return <div>
+    <canvas
+      style={{ cursor: 'pointer' }}
+      ref={cref} />
+  </div>;
+}
+
+function render(ci: CanvasInfo, props: CanvasProps) {
+  paint(ci, props.main);
+
+  drawBubble(ci, `This is the origin.\nAll tiles must connect here, and\nthe tile cannot be moved once placed.`,
+    { x: 150, y: 100 }, { x: 70, y: 230 });
 }
 
-const state: SceneState = {
-  t: "game",
-  gameState: {
+function exampleState(): GameState {
+  const state: GameState = {
     invalidWords: [],
     connectedSet: mkGridOf([]),
     energies: [
@@ -104,7 +133,11 @@ const state: SceneState = {
       { letter: "j", p_in_world_int: { x: 6, y: 6 }, used: true },
       { letter: "o", p_in_world_int: { x: 7, y: 6 }, used: true }
     ],
-    hand_tiles: [],
+    hand_tiles: [
+      { letter: "e", p_in_world_int: { x: 0, y: 0 }, used: true },
+      { letter: "t", p_in_world_int: { x: 0, y: 1 }, used: true },
+      { letter: "a", p_in_world_int: { x: 0, y: 2 }, used: true },
+    ],
     canvas_from_world: {
       scale: {
         x: 39.6694214876033,
@@ -135,7 +168,48 @@ const state: SceneState = {
       }
     },
     score: 7,
-    panic: undefined,
-  },
-  revision: 0,
-};
+    panic: { currentTime: Date.now(), lastClear: Date.now() - PANIC_INTERVAL_MS / 3 },
+  };
+
+  return checkValid(state);
+}
+
+function drawBubble(ci: CanvasInfo, text: string, textCenter: Point, coneApex: Point): void {
+  const { d } = ci;
+  const fontSize = 12;
+  const lines = text.split('\n');
+  d.font = `${fontSize}px sans-serif`;
+  const maxWidth = Math.max(...lines.map(line => d.measureText(line).width));
+  const MARGIN = 8;
+  const RADIUS = 5;
+
+  function bubble(color: string, thick: number): void {
+    d.fillStyle = color;
+    d.strokeStyle = color;
+    d.lineWidth = thick;
+    d.beginPath();
+
+    d.roundRect(textCenter.x - maxWidth / 2 - MARGIN, textCenter.y - fontSize / 2 - MARGIN,
+      maxWidth + MARGIN * 2, fontSize * lines.length + MARGIN * 2, RADIUS);
+
+    d.moveTo(textCenter.x - 10, textCenter.y);
+    d.lineTo(textCenter.x + 10, textCenter.y);
+    d.lineTo(coneApex.x, coneApex.y);
+    d.lineTo(textCenter.x - 10, textCenter.y);
+
+    d.fill();
+    if (thick != 0)
+      d.stroke();
+  }
+  bubble('black', 2);
+  bubble('white', 0);
+
+  d.fillStyle = 'black';
+  d.textAlign = 'center';
+  d.textBaseline = 'middle';
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+    d.fillText(lines[i], textCenter.x, textCenter.y + i * fontSize);
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/src/ui/render.ts b/src/ui/render.ts
index 363b199..465e6ab 100644
--- a/src/ui/render.ts
+++ b/src/ui/render.ts
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ export function paint(ci: CanvasInfo, state: GameState) {
   }
   d.restore();
 }
+
 export class RenderPane {
   d: CanvasRenderingContext2D;
   constructor(public c: HTMLCanvasElement) {
diff --git a/src/ui/ui-helpers.ts b/src/ui/ui-helpers.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49afbd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ui/ui-helpers.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import { canvas_bds_in_canvas } from '../ui/widget-helpers';
+import { Point } from '../util/types';
+import { vint } from '../util/vutil';
+
+export type ViewData = {
+  wsize: Point,
+};
+
+export function resizeView(c: HTMLCanvasElement): ViewData {
+  const ratio = devicePixelRatio;
+
+  const parent = c.parentElement?.getBoundingClientRect();
+  const w = canvas_bds_in_canvas.sz.x;
+  const h = canvas_bds_in_canvas.sz.y;
+
+  c.width = w;
+  c.height = h;
+
+  const ow = w;
+  const oh = h;
+
+  c.width = ow * ratio;
+  c.height = oh * ratio;
+
+  c.style.width = ow + 'px';
+  c.style.height = oh + 'px';
+
+  const wsize = vint({ x: c.width / ratio, y: c.height / ratio });
+
+  return { wsize };
+}