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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<h4 class="text-success">How Healthcare Works</h4>
</a>
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action"
href="#101">101 - American Single-Payer
System</a>
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action"
href="#201">201 -
American Single-Payer
System</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-8">
<div data-bs-offset="50" data-bs-spy="scroll"
data-bs-target="#list-example" tabindex="0">
<section id="101">
<h3 id="101" style="margin-top: 2.5rem;">101 -
American Single-Payer
System</h3>
<table class="table table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Resource</th>
<th scope="col">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<a
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuqYC-1abVM&list=PLHbYC-VUZ3Eu3s2Au916Wmmp5jo8oEzjD"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
target="_blank">
Medicare For All: What Does it
Actually Mean?
</a>
</td>
<td>
<h5>Key Points</h5>
<ul>
<li>There are many different
proposals for Medicare For
All, and they vary in a
number of ways, including
whether they would provide
universal coverage, how they
would be financed, and what
benefits they would
offer.</li>
<li>Some Medicare For All plans
would eliminate
employer-based health
insurance, while others
would allow it to
continue.</li>
<li>Medicare For All plans could
be financed through taxes,
premiums, or a combination
of the two.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>
<a
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZIF3LAIQWE"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
target="_blank">
Medicare for All Could Save the
US $2 Trillion
</a>
</td>
<td>
A recent study said that single
payer Medicare for everybody would
cost the government A lot of money.
But it would also $2 trillion less
than the way we do things now.
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>
<a
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4zx8LRBB-Y"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
target="_blank">
Medicare for All and
Administrative Costs
</a>
</td>
<td>
<h5>Key Points</h5>
<ul>
<li>There are many different
proposals for Medicare For
All, and they vary in a
number of ways, including
whether they would provide
universal coverage, how they
would be financed, and what
benefits they would
offer.</li>
<li>Some Medicare For All plans
would eliminate
employer-based health
insurance, while others
would allow it to
continue.</li>
<li>Medicare For All plans could
be financed through taxes,
premiums, or a combination
of the two.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>
<a
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Z2XRg3dy9k"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
target="_blank">
Medicare for All: Last Week
Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)
</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>
As presidential candidates
continue to discuss Medicare for
All, John Oliver explores how
much it might cost, what it will
change, and who it will help.
</p>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>
<a
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VmmirkyZBxY"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
target="_blank">
Would Universal Healthcare
Really Work in the U.S.?
</a>
</td>
<td>
Pretty much every rich, developed
nation on the planet has universal
healthcare, EXCEPT for the U.S.
Should we join them, or does our
current healthcare system have
advantages that we don’t want to
lose?
</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section id="201">
<h3 id="201" style="margin-top: 2.5rem;">201 -
American Single-Payer
System</h3>
<table class="table table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Resource</th>
<th scope="col">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<a
href="https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/2019/10/15/from_incremental_to_comprehensive_health_insurance_reform-how_various_reform_options_compare_on_coverage_and_costs.pdf"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
target="_blank">
From Incremental to
Comprehensive
Health Insurance Reform: How
Various
Reform Options Compare on
Coverage
and Costs
</a>
</td>
<td>
<h5>Key Points</h5>
<ul>
<li><strong>Coverage
Variations:</strong> The
report analyzes eight
different health care reform
proposals, from incremental
improvements to the ACA to
single-payer systems,
showing their impact on
uninsured rates and health
insurance coverage
distribution.</li>
<li><strong>Cost
Implications:</strong>
The financial effects of
these reforms vary, with
incremental reforms
requiring moderate increases
in federal spending, while
single-payer options
significantly reduce
household and employer
spending but greatly
increase government
costs.</li>
<li><strong>Universal
Coverage:</strong> The
most comprehensive reforms,
including single-payer
models, are the only ones
that achieve universal
health care coverage for all
legally present
residents.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>
<a
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tgdx99-_rAo"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
target="_blank">
Healthcare Debate: Should the
U.S. adopt a single-payer
healthcare system?
</a>
</td>
<td>
<h5>Key Points</h5>
<ul>
<li>The Affordable Care Act
(ACA) has helped to reduce
the number of uninsured
Americans, but it is still a
complex and fragmented
system.</li>
<li>A single-payer healthcare
system could save the U.S.
money over time.</li>
<li>There are a number of
different ways to transition
to a single-payer
system.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>
<a
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tgdx99-_rAo"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
target="_blank">
In Pursuit of a Single-Payer
Plan: Lessons Learned
</a>
</td>
<td>
<h5>Key Points</h5>
<ul>
<li>The challenges of
implementing a single-payer
healthcare system in
Vermont.</li>
<li>The lessons learned from
Vermont's experience.</li>
<li>The future of single-payer
healthcare in the United
States.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>
<a
href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/01/16/is-the-u-s-too-corrupt-for-single-payer-health-care/"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
target="_blank">
Is the U.S. too corrupt for
single-payer health care?
</a>
</td>
<td>
<h5>Key Points</h5>
<ul>
<li><strong>Government
Corruption and Special
Interests</strong>: Uwe
Reinhardt argues that the
U.S. government's
susceptibility to special
interest influence might
undermine the effectiveness
of a single-payer health
care system. Unlike
countries with stricter
lobbying regulations, the
U.S. has powerful health
industry interests that
could impact price-setting
and policy decisions if a
single-payer system were
implemented.</li>
<li><strong>Comparison with
Other Systems</strong>:
While the U.S. government,
through programs like
Medicare and Medicaid, can
negotiate lower prices
compared to private
insurers, Reinhardt suggests
that the effectiveness of
such negotiations might be
compromised by corruption
and lobbying. This contrasts
with countries like Taiwan
and Canada, where lobbying
is more restricted and
bureaucrats are insulated
from such pressures.</li>
<li><strong>Independent
Regulatory
Models</strong>: The
article highlights
Maryland's unique all-payer
rate-setting system as a
successful example of
independent regulation. The
Maryland Health Services
Cost Review Commission
operates with significant
autonomy from political
pressures, which has helped
it maintain its system. This
model is compared to
proposed independent boards
for Medicare, suggesting
that true independence might
be key to managing health
care costs effectively.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>
<a
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4zx8LRBB-Y"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
target="_blank">
Medicare for All and
Administrative Costs
</a>
</td>
<td>
<h5>Key Points</h5>
<ul>
<li>Medicare's administrative
costs are lower than those
of private insurers, but
that's partly because
private plans do things that
Medicare doesn't.</li>
<li>Medicare's administrative
costs have been falling over
the years as a percent of
total program spending.</li>
<li>Some critics have argued
that Medicare's
administrative cost rate
appears artificially low
because Medicare's
enrollee's health spending
is so high.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>
<a
href="https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1003013"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
target="_blank">
Projected costs of single-payer
healthcare financing in the
United States: A systematic
review of economic analyses
</a>
</td>
<td>
<h5>Key Points</h5>
<ul>
<li>There is near-consensus in
these analyses that
single-payer would reduce
health expenditures while
providing high-quality
insurance to all US
residents.</li>
<li>To achieve net savings,
single-payer plans rely on
simplified billing and
negotiated drug price
reductions, as well as
global budgets to control
spending growth over
time.</li>
<li>Replacing private insurers
with a public system is
expected to achieve lower
net healthcare costs.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>
<a
href="https://catalyst.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/CAT.20.0456"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
target="_blank">
Reforming Health Care: The
Single System Solution
</a>
</td>
<td>
<h5>Key Points</h5>
<ul>
<li>Flawed Assumptions: The
healthcare system operates
on outdated or incorrect
assumptions that hinder
effective care.</li>
<li>Inadequate Information: A
lack of comprehensive,
real-time data hampers
decision-making and care
quality.</li>
<li>Fragmented Systems: The
divided nature of healthcare
delivery, payment, and
insurance leads to
inefficiencies and
cost-shifting rather than
value improvement.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>
<a
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6775911/"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
target="_blank">
Single-Payer Health Care in the
United States: Feasible Solution
or Grand Illusion?
</a>
</td>
<td>
<h5>Key Points</h5>
<ul>
<li><strong>Sustained Attention
to Single
Payer:</strong> The
single-payer health care
system, long a dream for
progressive reformers, is
receiving significant
attention as the 2020
national elections approach.
Its increased prominence is
notable despite past
skepticism about its
political feasibility.</li>
<li><strong>Current Health Care
Options:</strong> The
debate over health care
reform includes various
strategies: incremental
improvements to the ACA,
expanding Medicare and
Medicaid, pursuing social
insurance for universal
coverage, and adopting a
single-payer system. Each
has its supporters, but
single payer remains a
particularly vocal and
prominent option.</li>
<li><strong>Impact of Recent
Political
Developments:</strong>
The success of Democrats in
the 2018 congressional
elections and their unified
stance on health care policy
have bolstered the
visibility and viability of
single-payer health care.
This shift raises questions
about whether the political
landscape has changed enough
to reconsider the
feasibility of single payer
as a serious policy
option.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>
<a
href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmp1501050"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
target="_blank">
The Demise of Vermont's
Single-Payer Plan
</a>
</td>
<td>
<h5>Key Points</h5>
<ul>
<li><strong>Financial
Feasibility
Issues:</strong> The
projected costs for
Vermont's single-payer
system, Green Mountain Care,
increased significantly over
time, making the plan
economically
unsustainable.</li>
<li><strong>Political
Challenges:</strong>
Public and legislative
support was weak,
contributing to Governor
Shumlin's decision to
abandon the initiative.</li>
<li><strong>Impact on Future
Efforts:</strong>
Vermont's failure highlights
the challenges of
implementing single-payer
systems at the state level,
complicating future attempts
in other states.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>
<a
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dk0SZUJSibg"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
target="_blank">
Uwe Reinhardt and His Book
'Priced Out'... BEST Healthcare
Economist for You to Know
</a>
</td>
<td>
<h5>Key Points</h5>
<ul>
<li>Uwe Reinhardt was a famous
healthcare economist who
made significant
contributions to the field.
He is best known for his
work on healthcare economics
in the United States and
Taiwan.</li>
<li>Reinhardt's book <em>Priced
Out</em> discusses the
reasons for high healthcare
costs in the United States.
He argues that the primary
reason is the high prices of
healthcare services.</li>
<li>Reinhardt advocated for a
single-payer healthcare
system in Taiwan, but he
believes that the U.S.
government is too corrupt
for such a system to be
successful.</li>
<li>He instead proposes a system
similar to the Affordable
Care Act, with
community-rated premiums and
a mandate for everyone to
participate.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>
<a
href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/18/opinion/universal-health-care.html"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
target="_blank">
We’re Already Paying for
Universal Health Care. Why Don’t
We Have It?
</a>
</td>
<td>
<h5>Key Points</h5>
<ul>
<li><strong>Flaws in Current
Health Insurance
System:</strong> Despite
various reforms, the U.S.
health insurance system
remains deeply flawed. Many
insured individuals still
face significant medical
bills, with about
three-fifths of unpaid
medical debt held by
households with insurance.
The current system’s
complexity and inconsistency
leave many Americans at risk
of losing coverage or facing
unexpected costs.</li>
<li><strong>Need for Universal
Coverage:</strong>
Incremental reforms have
proven insufficient. The
article argues for a
universal health care system
that is automatic, free at
the point of care, and
provides basic coverage.
This approach aims to
eliminate gaps in coverage
and reduce administrative
burdens, addressing the root
issues of insurance
instability and inadequate
protection.</li>
<li><strong>Economic and
Practical
Justifications:</strong>
The U.S. already spends a
significant amount on health
care, with half of it
financed through taxes. The
proposal suggests that
implementing universal basic
coverage would align U.S.
spending with that of other
high-income countries,
potentially making health
care more efficient and
equitable while avoiding
unnecessary administrative
costs.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>
<a
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EY6wDY8eol0"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
target="_blank">
Would Medicare for All Increase
Your Wages?
</a>
</td>
<td>
<h5>Key Points</h5>
<ul>
<li>Economists believe that
wages are lower to offset
the cost of
employer-provided health
insurance.</li>
<li>There is a debate on whether
Medicare for All would cause
wages to rise.</li>
<li>Some studies suggest that
wages would rise by the same
amount as the reduction in
employer health insurance
costs.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
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