pcm-tsx.cpp

/*
   Copyright (c) 2009-2013, Intel Corporation
   All rights reserved.

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 * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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 */
// written by Roman Dementiev


/*!     \file pcm-tsx.cpp
  \brief Example of using CPU counters: implements a performance counter monitoring utility for Intel Transactional Synchronization Extensions
  */
#define HACK_TO_REMOVE_DUPLICATE_ERROR
#include <iostream>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <windows.h>
#include "../PCM_Win/windriver.h"
#else
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/time.h> // for gettimeofday()
#endif
#include <math.h>
#include <iomanip>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <string>
#include <assert.h>
#include "cpucounters.h"
#include "utils.h"
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include "freegetopt/getopt.h"
#endif

#include <vector>
#define PCM_DELAY_DEFAULT 1.0       // in seconds
#define PCM_DELAY_MIN 0.015         // 15 milliseconds is practical on most modern CPUs
#define PCM_CALIBRATION_INTERVAL 50 // calibrate clock only every 50th iteration

using namespace std;

struct TSXEvent
{
    const char * name;
    unsigned char event;
    unsigned char umask;
    const char * description;
};

TSXEvent eventDefinition[] = {
    { "RTM_RETIRED.START", 0xC9, 0x01, "Number of times an RTM execution started." },
    { "RTM_RETIRED.COMMIT", 0xC9, 0x02, "Number of times an RTM execution successfully committed" },
    { "RTM_RETIRED.ABORTED", 0xC9, 0x04, "Number of times an RTM execution aborted due to any reasons (multiple categories may count as one)" },
    { "RTM_RETIRED.ABORTED_MISC1", 0xC9, 0x08, "Number of times an RTM execution aborted due to various memory events" },
    { "RTM_RETIRED.ABORTED_MISC2", 0xC9, 0x10, "Number of times an RTM execution aborted due to uncommon conditions" },
    { "RTM_RETIRED.ABORTED_MISC3", 0xC9, 0x20, "Number of times an RTM execution aborted due to Intel TSX-unfriendly instructions" },
    { "RTM_RETIRED.ABORTED_MISC4", 0xC9, 0x40, "Number of times an RTM execution aborted due to incompatible memory type" },
    { "RTM_RETIRED.ABORTED_MISC5", 0xC9, 0x80, "Number of times an RTM execution aborted due to none of the previous 4 categories (e.g. interrupt)" },

    { "HLE_RETIRED.START", 0xC8, 0x01, "Number of times an HLE execution started." },
    { "HLE_RETIRED.COMMIT", 0xC8, 0x02, "Number of times an HLE execution successfully committed" },
    { "HLE_RETIRED.ABORTED", 0xC8, 0x04, "Number of times an HLE execution aborted due to any reasons (multiple categories may count as one)" },
    { "HLE_RETIRED.ABORTED_MISC1", 0xC8, 0x08, "Number of times an HLE execution aborted due to various memory events" },
    { "HLE_RETIRED.ABORTED_MISC2", 0xC8, 0x10, "Number of times an HLE execution aborted due to uncommon conditions" },
    { "HLE_RETIRED.ABORTED_MISC3", 0xC8, 0x20, "Number of times an HLE execution aborted due to Intel TSX-unfriendly instructions" },
    { "HLE_RETIRED.ABORTED_MISC4", 0xC8, 0x40, "Number of times an HLE execution aborted due to incompatible memory type" },
    { "HLE_RETIRED.ABORTED_MISC5", 0xC8, 0x80, "Number of times an HLE execution aborted due to none of the previous 4 categories (e.g. interrupt)" },

    { "TX_MEM.ABORT_CONFLICT", 0x54, 0x01, "Number of times a transactional abort was signaled due to a data conflict on a transactionally accessed address" },
    { "TX_MEM.ABORT_CAPACITY_WRITE", 0x54, 0x02, "Number of times a transactional abort was signaled due to limited resources for transactional stores" },
    { "TX_MEM.ABORT_HLE_STORE_TO_ELIDED_LOCK", 0x54, 0x04, "Number of times a HLE transactional region aborted due to a non XRELEASE prefixed instruction writing to an elided lock in the elision buffer" },
    { "TX_MEM.ABORT_HLE_ELISION_BUFFER_NOT_EMPTY", 0x54, 0x08, "Number of times an HLE transactional execution aborted due to NoAllocatedElisionBuffer being nonzero." },
    { "TX_MEM.ABORT_HLE_ELISION_BUFFER_MISMATCH", 0x54, 0x10, "Number of times an HLE transactional execution aborted due to XRELEASE lock not satisfying the address and value requirements in the elision buffer." },
    { "TX_MEM.ABORT_HLE_ELISION_BUFFER_UNSUPPORTED_ALIGNMENT", 0x54, 0x20, "Number of times an HLE transactional execution aborted due to an unsupported read alignment from the elision buffer." },
    { "TX_MEM.HLE_ELISION_BUFFER_FULL", 0x54, 0x40, "Number of times HLE lock could not be elided due to ElisionBufferAvailable being zero." },

    { "TX_EXEC.MISC1", 0x5D, 0x01, "Counts the number of times a class of instructions that may cause a transactional abort was executed. Since this is the count of execution, it may not always cause a transactional abort." },
    { "TX_EXEC.MISC2", 0x5D, 0x02, "Counts the number of times a class of instructions that may cause a transactional abort was executed inside a transactional region" },
    { "TX_EXEC.MISC3", 0x5D, 0x04, "Counts the number of times an instruction execution caused the nest count supported to be exceeded" },
    { "TX_EXEC.MISC4", 0x5D, 0x08, "Counts the number of times an HLE XACQUIRE instruction was executed inside an RTM transactional region" }
};

void print_usage(const string progname)
{
    cerr << endl << " Usage: " << endl << " " << progname
         << " --help | [delay] [options] [-- external_program [external_program_options]]" << endl;
    cerr << "   <delay>                           => time interval to sample performance counters." << endl;
    cerr << "                                        If not specified, or 0, with external program given" << endl;
    cerr << "                                        will read counters only after external program finishes" << endl;
    cerr << " Supported <options> are: " << endl;
    cerr << "  -h    | --help  | /h               => print this help and exit" << endl;
    cerr << "  -F    | -force                     => force running this program despite lack of HW RTM support (optional)" << endl;
    cerr << "  -csv[=file.csv] | /csv[=file.csv]  => output compact CSV format to screen or" << endl
         << "                                        to a file, in case filename is provided" << endl;
    cerr << "  [-e event1] [-e event2] [-e event3]=> optional list of custom TSX events to monitor (up to 4)."
         << "  The list of supported events:" << endl;
    for (uint32 i = 0; i < sizeof(eventDefinition) / sizeof(TSXEvent); ++i)
    {
        cerr << eventDefinition[i].name << "\t" << eventDefinition[i].description << endl;
    }
    cerr << endl;
    cerr << " Examples:" << endl;
    cerr << "  " << progname << " 1                  => print counters every second without core and socket output" << endl;
    cerr << "  " << progname << " 0.5 -csv=test.log  => twice a second save counter values to test.log in CSV format" << endl;
    cerr << "  " << progname << " /csv 5 2>/dev/null => one sampe every 5 seconds, and discard all diagnostic output" << endl;
    cerr << endl;
}

template <class StateType>
void print_basic_stats(const StateType & BeforeState, const StateType & AfterState, bool csv)
{
    uint64 cycles = getCycles(BeforeState, AfterState);
    uint64 instr = getInstructionsRetired(BeforeState, AfterState);
    const uint64 TXcycles = getNumberOfCustomEvents(3, BeforeState, AfterState);
    const uint64 TXcycles_commited = getNumberOfCustomEvents(2, BeforeState, AfterState);
    const uint64 Abr_cycles = (TXcycles > TXcycles_commited) ? (TXcycles - TXcycles_commited) : 0ULL;
    uint64 nRTM = getNumberOfCustomEvents(0, BeforeState, AfterState);
    uint64 nHLE = getNumberOfCustomEvents(1, BeforeState, AfterState);

    if (csv)
    {
        cout << double(instr) / double(cycles) << ",";
        cout << instr << ",";
        cout << cycles << ",";
        cout << TXcycles << "," << std::setw(5) << 100. * double(TXcycles) / double(cycles) << "%,";
        cout << Abr_cycles << "," << std::setw(5) << 100. * double(Abr_cycles) / double(cycles) << "%,";
        cout << nRTM << ",";
        cout << nHLE << ",";
    }
    else
    {
        cout << double(instr) / double(cycles) << "       ";
        cout << unit_format(instr) << "     ";
        cout << unit_format(cycles) << "      ";
        cout << unit_format(TXcycles) << " (" << std::setw(5) << 100. * double(TXcycles) / double(cycles) << "%)       ";
        cout << unit_format(Abr_cycles) << " (" << std::setw(5) << 100. * double(Abr_cycles) / double(cycles) << "%) ";
        cout << unit_format(nRTM) << "   ";
        cout << unit_format(nHLE) << "    ";
    }

    if (nRTM + nHLE)
    {
        uint64 cyclesPerTransaction = TXcycles / (nRTM + nHLE);
        if (csv)
            cout << cyclesPerTransaction << "\n";
        else
            cout << unit_format(cyclesPerTransaction) << "\n";
    }
    else
        cout << " N/A" << "\n";
}

template <class StateType>
void print_custom_stats(const StateType & BeforeState, const StateType & AfterState, bool csv)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
        if (!csv)
            cout << unit_format(getNumberOfCustomEvents(i, BeforeState, AfterState)) << "    ";
        else
            cout << getNumberOfCustomEvents(i, BeforeState, AfterState) << ",";

    cout << "\n";
}


int findEvent(const char * name)
{
    const int all = sizeof(eventDefinition) / sizeof(TSXEvent);
    for (int i = 0; i < all; ++i)
    {
        if (strcmp(name, eventDefinition[i].name) == 0)
            return i;
    }
    return -1;
}

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
    set_signal_handlers();

#ifdef PCM_FORCE_SILENT
    null_stream nullStream1, nullStream2;
    std::cout.rdbuf(&nullStream1);
    std::cerr.rdbuf(&nullStream2);
#endif

    cerr << endl;
    cerr << " Processor Counter Monitor: Intel(r) Transactional Synchronization Extensions Monitoring Utility " << endl;
    cerr << endl;

    double delay = -1.0;
    char * sysCmd = NULL;
    char ** sysArgv = NULL;
    std::vector<int> events;
    int cur_event;
    bool csv = false;
    long diff_usec = 0;                            // deviation of clock is useconds between measurements
    bool force = false;
    int calibrated = PCM_CALIBRATION_INTERVAL - 2; // keeps track is the clock calibration needed
    string program = string(argv[0]);

    PCM * m = PCM::getInstance();

    if (argc > 1) do
        {
            argv++;
            argc--;
            if (strncmp(*argv, "--help", 6) == 0 ||
                strncmp(*argv, "-h", 2) == 0 ||
                strncmp(*argv, "/h", 2) == 0)
            {
                print_usage(program);
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
            else if (strncmp(*argv, "-csv", 4) == 0 ||
                     strncmp(*argv, "/csv", 4) == 0)
            {
                csv = true;
                string cmd = string(*argv);
                size_t found = cmd.find('=', 4);
                if (found != string::npos) {
                    string filename = cmd.substr(found + 1);
                    if (!filename.empty()) {
                        m->setOutput(filename);
                    }
                }
                continue;
            }
            else if (strncmp(*argv, "-e", 2) == 0)
            {
                argv++;
                argc--;
                if (events.size() >= 4) {
                    cerr << "At most 4 events are allowed" << endl;
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                }
                cur_event = findEvent(*argv);
                if (cur_event < 0) {
                    cerr << "Event " << *argv << " is not supported. See the list of supported events" << endl;
                    print_usage(program);
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                }
                events.push_back(cur_event);
                continue;
            }
            else if ((strncmp(*argv, "-F", 2) == 0) ||
                     (strncmp(*argv, "-f", 2) == 0) ||
                     (strncmp(*argv, "-force", 6) == 0))
            {
                force = true;
            }
            else if (strncmp(*argv, "--", 2) == 0)
            {
                argv++;
                sysCmd = *argv;
                sysArgv = argv;
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                // any other options positional that is a floating point number is treated as <delay>,
                // while the other options are ignored with a warning issues to stderr
                double delay_input;
                std::istringstream is_str_stream(*argv);
                is_str_stream >> noskipws >> delay_input;
                if (is_str_stream.eof() && !is_str_stream.fail()) {
                    delay = delay_input;
                } else {
                    cerr << "WARNING: unknown command-line option: \"" << *argv << "\". Ignoring it." << endl;
                    print_usage(program);
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                }
                continue;
            }
        } while (argc > 1); // end of command line partsing loop

    EventSelectRegister def_event_select_reg;
    def_event_select_reg.value = 0;
    def_event_select_reg.fields.usr = 1;
    def_event_select_reg.fields.os = 1;
    def_event_select_reg.fields.enable = 1;

    PCM::ExtendedCustomCoreEventDescription conf;
    conf.fixedCfg = NULL; // default
    conf.nGPCounters = 4;
    EventSelectRegister regs[4];
    conf.gpCounterCfg = regs;
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
        regs[i] = def_event_select_reg;

    if (events.empty())
    {
        regs[0].fields.event_select = 0xc9;
        regs[0].fields.umask = 0x01;
        regs[1].fields.event_select = 0xc8;
        regs[1].fields.umask = 0x01;
        regs[2].fields.event_select = 0x3c;
        regs[2].fields.in_tx = 1;
        regs[2].fields.in_txcp = 1;
        regs[3].fields.event_select = 0x3c;
        regs[3].fields.in_tx = 1;
    }
    else
    {
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < events.size(); ++i)
        {
            regs[i].fields.event_select = eventDefinition[events[i]].event;
            regs[i].fields.umask = eventDefinition[events[i]].umask;
        }
    }

    PCM::ErrorCode status = m->program(PCM::EXT_CUSTOM_CORE_EVENTS, &conf);
    switch (status)
    {
    case PCM::Success:
        break;
    case PCM::MSRAccessDenied:
        cerr << "Access to Processor Counter Monitor has denied (no MSR or PCI CFG space access)." << endl;
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    case PCM::PMUBusy:
        cerr << "Access to Processor Counter Monitor has denied (Performance Monitoring Unit is occupied by other application). Try to stop the application that uses PMU." << endl;
        cerr << "Alternatively you can try to reset PMU configuration at your own risk. Try to reset? (y/n)" << endl;
        char yn;
        std::cin >> yn;
        if ('y' == yn)
        {
            m->resetPMU();
            cerr << "PMU configuration has been reset. Try to rerun the program again." << endl;
        }
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    default:
        cerr << "Access to Processor Counter Monitor has denied (Unknown error)." << endl;
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    cerr << "\nDetected " << m->getCPUBrandString() << " \"Intel(r) microarchitecture codename " << m->getUArchCodename() << "\"" << endl;

    bool rtm_support = m->supportsRTM();

    if (!rtm_support) {
        if (!force) {
            cerr << "No RTM support detected, use -F if you still want to run this program." << endl;
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        cerr << "No RTM support detected, but -F found as argument, running anyway." << endl;
    }

    uint64 BeforeTime = 0, AfterTime = 0;
    SystemCounterState SysBeforeState, SysAfterState;
    const uint32 ncores = m->getNumCores();
    std::vector<CoreCounterState> BeforeState, AfterState;
    std::vector<SocketCounterState> DummySocketStates;

    if ((sysCmd != NULL) && (delay <= 0.0)) {
        // in case external command is provided in command line, and
        // delay either not provided (-1) or is zero
        m->setBlocked(true);
    } else {
        m->setBlocked(false);
    }

    if (csv) {
        if (delay <= 0.0) delay = PCM_DELAY_DEFAULT;
    } else {
        // for non-CSV mode delay < 1.0 does not make a lot of practical sense:
        // hard to read from the screen, or
        // in case delay is not provided in command line => set default
        if (((delay < 1.0) && (delay > 0.0)) || (delay <= 0.0)) delay = PCM_DELAY_DEFAULT;
    }

    cerr << "Update every " << delay << " seconds" << endl;

    std::cout.precision(2);
    std::cout << std::fixed;

    BeforeTime = m->getTickCount();
    m->getAllCounterStates(SysBeforeState, DummySocketStates, BeforeState);

    if (sysCmd != NULL) {
        MySystem(sysCmd, sysArgv);
    }

    while (1)
    {
        if (!csv) cout << std::flush;
        int delay_ms = int(delay * 1000);
        int calibrated_delay_ms = delay_ms;
#ifdef _MSC_VER
        // compensate slow Windows console output
        if (AfterTime) delay_ms -= (int)(m->getTickCount() - BeforeTime);
        if (delay_ms < 0) delay_ms = 0;
#else
        // compensation of delay on Linux/UNIX
        // to make the samling interval as monotone as possible
        struct timeval start_ts, end_ts;
        if (calibrated == 0) {
            gettimeofday(&end_ts, NULL);
            diff_usec = (end_ts.tv_sec - start_ts.tv_sec) * 1000000.0 + (end_ts.tv_usec - start_ts.tv_usec);
            calibrated_delay_ms = delay_ms - diff_usec / 1000.0;
        }
#endif

        MySleepMs(calibrated_delay_ms);

#ifndef _MSC_VER
        calibrated = (calibrated + 1) % PCM_CALIBRATION_INTERVAL;
        if (calibrated == 0) {
            gettimeofday(&start_ts, NULL);
        }
#endif
        AfterTime = m->getTickCount();
        m->getAllCounterStates(SysAfterState, DummySocketStates, AfterState);

        cout << "Time elapsed: " << dec << fixed << AfterTime - BeforeTime << " ms\n";
        //cout << "Called sleep function for "<<dec<<fixed<<delay_ms<<" ms\n";

        if (events.empty())
        {
            if (csv)
                cout << "Core,IPC,Instructions,Cycles,Transactional Cycles,Aborted Cycles,#RTM,#HLE,Cycles/Transaction \n";
            else
                cout << "Core | IPC  | Instructions | Cycles  | Transactional Cycles | Aborted Cycles  | #RTM  | #HLE  | Cycles/Transaction \n";
        }
        else
        {
            for (uint32 i = 0; i < events.size(); ++i)
            {
                cout << "Event" << i << ": " << eventDefinition[events[i]].name << " " << eventDefinition[events[i]].description << " (raw 0x" <<
                std::hex << (uint32)eventDefinition[events[i]].umask << (uint32)eventDefinition[events[i]].event << std::dec << ")" << endl;
            }
            cout << "\n";
            if (csv)
                cout << "Core,Event0,Event1,Event2,Event3\n";
            else
                cout << "Core | Event0  | Event1  | Event2  | Event3 \n";
        }
        for (uint32 i = 0; i < ncores; ++i)
        {
            if (csv)
                cout << i << ",";
            else
                cout << " " << setw(3) << i << "   " << setw(2);
            if (events.empty())
                print_basic_stats(BeforeState[i], AfterState[i], csv);
            else
                print_custom_stats(BeforeState[i], AfterState[i], csv);
        }
        if (csv)
            cout << "*,";
        else
        {
            cout << "-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
            cout << "   *   ";
        }
        if (events.empty())
            print_basic_stats(SysBeforeState, SysAfterState, csv);
        else
            print_custom_stats(SysBeforeState, SysAfterState, csv);

        std::cout << std::endl;

        swap(BeforeTime, AfterTime);
        swap(BeforeState, AfterState);
        swap(SysBeforeState, SysAfterState);

        if (m->isBlocked()) {
            // in case PCM was blocked after spawning child application: break monitoring loop here
            break;
        }
    }
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}