diff --git a/lib/cppcheck.cpp b/lib/cppcheck.cpp
index a02db276b82..f0fb71f62aa 100644
--- a/lib/cppcheck.cpp
+++ b/lib/cppcheck.cpp
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 #include <ctime>
 #include <exception> // IWYU pragma: keep
 #include <fstream>
-#include <iostream> // <- TEMPORARY
+#include <iostream>
 #include <new>
 #include <set>
 #include <sstream>
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ unsigned int CppCheck::checkClang(const FileWithDetails &file)
                              mSettings,
                              &s_timerResults);
         if (mSettings.debugnormal)
-            tokenizer.printDebugOutput(1);
+            tokenizer.printDebugOutput(1, std::cout);
         checkNormalTokens(tokenizer);
 
         // create dumpfile
diff --git a/lib/templatesimplifier.cpp b/lib/templatesimplifier.cpp
index 3baeae75f65..c2067c94a73 100644
--- a/lib/templatesimplifier.cpp
+++ b/lib/templatesimplifier.cpp
@@ -3813,7 +3813,7 @@ void TemplateSimplifier::simplifyTemplates(const std::time_t maxtime)
 
         if (mSettings.debugtemplate && mSettings.debugnormal) {
             std::string title("Template Simplifier pass " + std::to_string(passCount + 1));
-            mTokenList.front()->printOut(title.c_str(), mTokenList.getFiles());
+            mTokenList.front()->printOut(std::cout, title.c_str(), mTokenList.getFiles());
         }
 
         // Copy default argument values from forward declaration to declaration
diff --git a/lib/token.cpp b/lib/token.cpp
index 6d56e7f9714..8e5bef7be32 100644
--- a/lib/token.cpp
+++ b/lib/token.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <functional>
-#include <iostream>
 #include <iterator>
 #include <map>
 #include <set>
@@ -1178,27 +1177,27 @@ void Token::createMutualLinks(Token *begin, Token *end)
     end->link(begin);
 }
 
-void Token::printOut(const char *title) const
+void Token::printOut(std::ostream& out, const char *title) const
 {
     if (title && title[0])
-        std::cout << "\n### " << title << " ###\n";
-    std::cout << stringifyList(stringifyOptions::forPrintOut(), nullptr, nullptr) << std::endl;
+        out << "\n### " << title << " ###\n";
+    out << stringifyList(stringifyOptions::forPrintOut(), nullptr, nullptr) << std::endl;
 }
 
-void Token::printOut(const char *title, const std::vector<std::string> &fileNames) const
+void Token::printOut(std::ostream& out, const char *title, const std::vector<std::string> &fileNames) const
 {
     if (title && title[0])
-        std::cout << "\n### " << title << " ###\n";
-    std::cout << stringifyList(stringifyOptions::forPrintOut(), &fileNames, nullptr) << std::endl;
+        out << "\n### " << title << " ###\n";
+    out << stringifyList(stringifyOptions::forPrintOut(), &fileNames, nullptr) << std::endl;
 }
 
 // cppcheck-suppress unusedFunction - used for debugging
-void Token::printLines(int lines) const
+void Token::printLines(std::ostream& out, int lines) const
 {
     const Token *end = this;
     while (end && end->linenr() < lines + linenr())
         end = end->next();
-    std::cout << stringifyList(stringifyOptions::forDebugExprId(), nullptr, end) << std::endl;
+    out << stringifyList(stringifyOptions::forDebugExprId(), nullptr, end) << std::endl;
 }
 
 std::string Token::stringify(const stringifyOptions& options) const
diff --git a/lib/token.h b/lib/token.h
index 38481ed6a99..99599c96e63 100644
--- a/lib/token.h
+++ b/lib/token.h
@@ -973,7 +973,7 @@ class CPPCHECKLIB Token {
      * @param title Title for the printout or use default parameter or 0
      * for no title.
      */
-    void printOut(const char *title = nullptr) const;
+    void printOut(std::ostream& out, const char *title = nullptr) const;
 
     /**
      * For debugging purposes, prints token and all tokens
@@ -983,12 +983,12 @@ class CPPCHECKLIB Token {
      * @param fileNames Prints out file name instead of file index.
      * File index should match the index of the string in this vector.
      */
-    void printOut(const char *title, const std::vector<std::string> &fileNames) const;
+    void printOut(std::ostream& out, const char *title, const std::vector<std::string> &fileNames) const;
 
     /**
      * print out tokens - used for debugging
      */
-    void printLines(int lines=5) const;
+    void printLines(std::ostream& out, int lines=5) const;
 
     /**
      * Replace token replaceThis with tokens between start and end,
diff --git a/lib/tokenize.cpp b/lib/tokenize.cpp
index 92cbd53ae7e..fae4b6fe2b2 100644
--- a/lib/tokenize.cpp
+++ b/lib/tokenize.cpp
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ namespace {
             }
             // TODO: handle all typedefs
             if ((false))
-                printTypedef(typedefToken);
+                printTypedef(typedefToken, std::cout);
             mFail = true;
         }
 
@@ -1081,17 +1081,17 @@ namespace {
             return to;
         }
 
-        static void printTypedef(const Token *tok) {
+        static void printTypedef(const Token *tok, std::ostream& out) {
             int indent = 0;
             while (tok && (indent > 0 || tok->str() != ";")) {
                 if (tok->str() == "{")
                     ++indent;
                 else if (tok->str() == "}")
                     --indent;
-                std::cout << " " << tok->str();
+                out << " " << tok->str();
                 tok = tok->next();
             }
-            std::cout << "\n";
+            out << "\n";
         }
     };
 }
@@ -3500,7 +3500,7 @@ bool Tokenizer::simplifyTokens1(const std::string &configuration)
         mSymbolDatabase->setArrayDimensionsUsingValueFlow();
     }
 
-    printDebugOutput(1);
+    printDebugOutput(1, std::cout);
 
     return true;
 }
@@ -5919,32 +5919,32 @@ bool Tokenizer::simplifyTokenList1(const char FileName[])
 }
 //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-void Tokenizer::printDebugOutput(int simplification) const
+void Tokenizer::printDebugOutput(int simplification, std::ostream &out) const
 {
     const bool debug = (simplification != 1U && mSettings.debugSimplified) ||
                        (simplification != 2U && mSettings.debugnormal);
 
     if (debug && list.front()) {
-        list.front()->printOut(nullptr, list.getFiles());
+        list.front()->printOut(out, nullptr, list.getFiles());
 
         if (mSettings.xml)
-            std::cout << "<debug>" << std::endl;
+            out << "<debug>" << std::endl;
 
         if (mSymbolDatabase) {
             if (mSettings.xml)
-                mSymbolDatabase->printXml(std::cout);
+                mSymbolDatabase->printXml(out);
             else if (mSettings.verbose) {
                 mSymbolDatabase->printOut("Symbol database");
             }
         }
 
         if (mSettings.verbose)
-            list.front()->printAst(mSettings.verbose, mSettings.xml, list.getFiles(), std::cout);
+            list.front()->printAst(mSettings.verbose, mSettings.xml, list.getFiles(), out);
 
-        list.front()->printValueFlow(mSettings.xml, std::cout);
+        list.front()->printValueFlow(mSettings.xml, out);
 
         if (mSettings.xml)
-            std::cout << "</debug>" << std::endl;
+            out << "</debug>" << std::endl;
     }
 
     if (mSymbolDatabase && simplification == 2U && mSettings.debugwarnings) {
@@ -8122,13 +8122,13 @@ bool Tokenizer::isScopeNoReturn(const Token *endScopeToken, bool *unknown) const
 
 void Tokenizer::syntaxError(const Token *tok, const std::string &code) const
 {
-    printDebugOutput(0);
+    printDebugOutput(0, std::cout);
     throw InternalError(tok, code.empty() ? "syntax error" : "syntax error: " + code, InternalError::SYNTAX);
 }
 
 void Tokenizer::unmatchedToken(const Token *tok) const
 {
-    printDebugOutput(0);
+    printDebugOutput(0, std::cout);
     throw InternalError(tok,
                         "Unmatched '" + tok->str() + "'. Configuration: '" + mConfiguration + "'.",
                         InternalError::SYNTAX);
@@ -8136,13 +8136,13 @@ void Tokenizer::unmatchedToken(const Token *tok) const
 
 void Tokenizer::syntaxErrorC(const Token *tok, const std::string &what) const
 {
-    printDebugOutput(0);
+    printDebugOutput(0, std::cout);
     throw InternalError(tok, "Code '"+what+"' is invalid C code.", "Use --std, -x or --language to enforce C++. Or --cpp-header-probe to identify C++ headers via the Emacs marker.", InternalError::SYNTAX);
 }
 
 void Tokenizer::unknownMacroError(const Token *tok1) const
 {
-    printDebugOutput(0);
+    printDebugOutput(0, std::cout);
     throw InternalError(tok1, "There is an unknown macro here somewhere. Configuration is required. If " + tok1->str() + " is a macro then please configure it.", InternalError::UNKNOWN_MACRO);
 }
 
@@ -8168,7 +8168,7 @@ void Tokenizer::macroWithSemicolonError(const Token *tok, const std::string &mac
 
 void Tokenizer::cppcheckError(const Token *tok) const
 {
-    printDebugOutput(0);
+    printDebugOutput(0, std::cout);
     throw InternalError(tok, "Analysis failed. If the code is valid then please report this failure.", InternalError::INTERNAL);
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/tokenize.h b/lib/tokenize.h
index 715edadf499..46cf44f7cdc 100644
--- a/lib/tokenize.h
+++ b/lib/tokenize.h
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ class CPPCHECKLIB Tokenizer {
      * 1=1st simplifications
      * 2=2nd simplifications
      */
-    void printDebugOutput(int simplification) const;
+    void printDebugOutput(int simplification, std::ostream &out) const;
 
     void dump(std::ostream &out) const;
 
diff --git a/lib/tokenlist.cpp b/lib/tokenlist.cpp
index d31a85f4a96..7f09c2eaa2c 100644
--- a/lib/tokenlist.cpp
+++ b/lib/tokenlist.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <exception>
 #include <functional>
+#include <iostream>
 #include <utility>
 #include <set>
 #include <stack>
@@ -1808,7 +1809,7 @@ void TokenList::validateAst(bool print) const
 {
     OnException oe{[&] {
             if (print)
-                mTokensFrontBack.front->printOut();
+                mTokensFrontBack.front->printOut(std::cout);
         }};
     // Check for some known issues in AST to avoid crash/hang later on
     std::set<const Token*> safeAstTokens;    // list of "safe" AST tokens without endless recursion