myapalike.bst

%NAME: apalike.bst
% BibTeX `apalike' bibliography style (24-Jan-88 version)
% Adapted from the `alpha' style, version 0.99a; for BibTeX version 0.99a.
% Copyright (C) 1988, all rights reserved.
% Copying of this file is allowed, provided that if you make any changes at all
% you name it something other than `apalike.bst'.
% This restriction helps ensure that all copies are identical.
% Differences between this style and `alpha' are generally heralded by a `%'.
% The file btxbst.doc has the documentation for alpha.bst.
%
% This style should be used with the `apalike' LaTeX style (apalike.sty).
% \cite's come out like "(Jones, 1986)" in the text but there are no labels
% in the bibliography, and something like "(1986)" comes out immediately
% after the author.  Author (and editor) names appear as last name, comma,
% initials.  A `year' field is required for every entry, and so is either
% an author (or in some cases, an editor) field or a key field.
%
% Editorial note:
  % Many journals require a style like `apalike', but I strongly, strongly,
% strongly recommend that you not use it if you have a choice---use something
% like `plain' instead.  Mary-Claire van Leunen (A Handbook for Scholars,
                                                 % Knopf, 1979) argues convincingly that a style like `plain' encourages better
% writing than one like `apalike'.  Furthermore the strongest arguments for
% using an author-date style like `apalike'---that it's "the most practical"
% (The Chicago Manual of Style, University of Chicago Press, thirteenth
   % edition, 1982, pages 400--401)---fall flat on their face with the new
% computer-typesetting technology.  For instance page 401 anachronistically
% states "The chief disadvantage of [a style like `plain'] is that additions
% or deletions cannot be made after the manuscript is typed without changing
% numbers in both text references and list."  LaTeX sidesteps the disadvantage.
%
% History:
  %   15-sep-86	(SK,OP)	Original version, by Susan King and Oren Patashnik.
%   10-nov-86	(OP)	Truncated the sort.key$ string to the correct length
%			in bib.sort.order to eliminate error message.
%   24-jan-88	(OP)	Updated for BibTeX version 0.99a, from alpha.bst 0.99a;
%			apalike now sorts by author, then year, then title;
%			THIS `apalike' VERSION DOES NOT WORK WITH BIBTEX 0.98i.

ENTRY
{ address
author
booktitle
chapter
edition
editor
howpublished
institution
journal
key
%    month		not used in apalike
note
number
organization
pages
publisher
school
series
title
type
volume
year
}
{}
{ label extra.label sort.label }

INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }

FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
  #1 'mid.sentence :=
  #2 'after.sentence :=
  #3 'after.block :=
}

STRINGS { s t }

FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
  { ", " * write$ }
  { output.state after.block =
  { add.period$ write$
  newline$
  "\newblock " write$
  }
  { output.state before.all =
  'write$
  { add.period$ " " * write$ }
  if$
  }
if$
  mid.sentence 'output.state :=
  }
if$
s
  }

FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
'pop$
  'output.nonnull
if$
}

FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
  { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
'output.nonnull
if$
}

%					apalike needs this function because
%					the year has special punctuation;
%					apalike ignores the month
FUNCTION {output.year.check}
{ year empty$
{ "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
{ write$
" " year * extra.label * "" *
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
    "\bibitem[" write$
    label write$
    "]{" write$
    cite$ write$
    "}" write$
    newline$
    ""
  before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
write$
newline$
}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
'skip$
{ after.block 'output.state := }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
'skip$
{ output.state before.all =
  'skip$
{ after.sentence 'output.state := }
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
  { #1 }
    if$
  }
  
  FUNCTION {and}
  {   'skip$
    { pop$ #0 }
    if$
    }
    
    FUNCTION {or}
    {   { pop$ #1 }
    'skip$
      if$
    }
  
  FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
  { empty$
      swap$ empty$
      and
    'skip$
    'new.block
    if$
  }
  
  FUNCTION {field.or.null}
  { duplicate$ empty$
  { pop$ "" }
    'skip$
    if$
  }
    
    FUNCTION {emphasize}
    { duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
    if$
    }
    
    INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
    
    FUNCTION {format.names}
    { 's :=
      #1 'nameptr :=
      s num.names$ 'numnames :=
    numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
      { s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}" format.name$ 't :=   % last name first
        nameptr #1 >
        { namesleft #1 >
        { ", " * t * }
        { numnames #2 >
        { "," * }
        'skip$
          if$
          t "others" =
          { "\textit{ et~al.}" * }
        { " and " * t * }
        if$
        }
      if$
        }
    't
    if$
    nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
      }
  while$
    }
  
  FUNCTION {format.authors}
  { author empty$
  { "" }
    { author format.names }
    if$
  }
  
  FUNCTION {format.key}			% this function is just for apalike
  { empty$
  { key field.or.null }
    { "" }
    if$
  }
  
  FUNCTION {format.editors}
  { editor empty$
  { "" }
    { editor format.names
      editor num.names$ #1 >
      { ", editors" * }
      { ", editor" * }
      if$
    }
    if$
  }
  
  FUNCTION {format.title}
  { title empty$
  { "" }
    { title "t" change.case$ }
    if$
  }
  
  FUNCTION {n.dashify}
  { 't :=
    ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
    { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
    { "--" *
    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    }
  {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
    { "-" *
        t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    }
    while$
  }
    if$
  }
  { t #1 #1 substring$ *
    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
  }
  if$
    }
while$
    }

FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title emphasize
}

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
{ "~" }
  { " " }
  if$
    swap$ * *
}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
    'pop$
  { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
{ "" }
{ "volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
series empty$
'skip$
{ " of " * series emphasize * }
if$
"volume and number" number either.or.check
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
{ number empty$
{ series field.or.null }
{ output.state mid.sentence =
{ "number" }
{ "Number" }
if$
number tie.or.space.connect
series empty$
{ "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
{ " in " * series * }
if$
}
if$
}
{ "" }
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition empty$
{ "" }
{ output.state mid.sentence =
{ edition "l" change.case$ " edition" * }
{ edition "t" change.case$ " edition" * }
if$
}
if$
}

INTEGERS { multiresult }

FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
{ multiresult not
  t empty$ not
  and
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$
  duplicate$ "-" =
    swap$ duplicate$ "," =
    swap$ "+" =
    or or
  { #1 'multiresult := }
    { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
    while$
      multiresult
  }
  
  FUNCTION {format.pages}
  { pages empty$
  { "" }
    { pages multi.page.check
      { "pages" pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
      { "page" pages tie.or.space.connect }
      if$
    }
    if$
  }
  
  FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
  { volume field.or.null
    number empty$
      'skip$
    { "(" number * ")" * *
    volume empty$
    { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
    'skip$
    if$
    }
    if$
    pages empty$
    'skip$
    { duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ format.pages }
    { ":" * pages n.dashify * }
    if$
    }
    if$
  }
    
    FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
    { chapter empty$
    'format.pages
    { type empty$
    { "chapter" }
    { type "l" change.case$ }
    if$
    chapter tie.or.space.connect
    pages empty$
    'skip$
    { ", " * format.pages * }
    if$
    }
    if$
    }
    
    FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
    { booktitle empty$
    { "" }
    { editor empty$
    { "In " booktitle emphasize * }
    { "In " format.editors * ", " * booktitle emphasize * }
    if$
    }
    if$
    }
    
    FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
    { type empty$
    'skip$
    { pop$
    type "t" change.case$
    }
    if$
    }
    
    FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
    { type empty$
    { "Technical Report" }
    'type
    if$
    number empty$
    { "t" change.case$ }
    { number tie.or.space.connect }
    if$
    }
    
    FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
    { "In"							% this is for apalike
    " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
    }
    
    FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
    { volume empty$
    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
    "In "
    }
    { "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
    " of " *
    }
    if$
    "\cite{" * crossref * "}" *				% this is for apalike
    }
    
    FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
    { "In"							% this is for apalike
    " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
    }
    
    FUNCTION {article}
    { output.bibitem
    format.authors "author" output.check
    author format.key output				% special for
    output.year.check					% apalike
    new.block
    format.title "title" output.check
    new.block
    crossref missing$
    { journal emphasize "journal" output.check
    format.vol.num.pages output
    }
    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
    format.pages output
    }
    if$
    new.block
    note output
    fin.entry
    }
    
    FUNCTION {book}
    { output.bibitem
    author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
    editor format.key output
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
    crossref missing$
    { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
    'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
    output.year.check				% special for apalike
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
  { format.bvolume output
    new.block
    format.number.series output
    new.sentence
    publisher "publisher" output.check
    address output
  }
  { new.block
    format.book.crossref output.nonnull
  }
  if$
    format.edition output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
    }

FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output				% special for
  output.year.check					% apalike
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  howpublished output
  address output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
  { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
    editor format.key output
  }
  { format.authors output.nonnull
    crossref missing$
    { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
    'skip$
    if$
  }
    if$
    output.year.check				% special for apalike
    new.block
    format.btitle "title" output.check
    crossref missing$
    { format.bvolume output
    format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
    new.block
    format.number.series output
    new.sentence
    publisher "publisher" output.check
    address output
    }
    { format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
    new.block
    format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
    if$
    format.edition output
    new.block
    note output
    fin.entry
}
  
  FUNCTION {incollection}
  { output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output				% special for
  output.year.check					% apalike
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
  { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
  format.bvolume output
  format.number.series output
  format.chapter.pages output
  new.sentence
  publisher "publisher" output.check
  address output
  format.edition output
  }
  { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
  format.chapter.pages output
  }
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
  }
  
  FUNCTION {inproceedings}
  { output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output				% special for
  output.year.check					% apalike
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
  { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
  format.bvolume output
  format.number.series output
  format.pages output
  address output					% for apalike
  new.sentence					% there's no year
  organization output				% here so things
  publisher output					% are simpler
  }
{ format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
  format.pages output
}
if$
  new.block
note output
fin.entry
  }

FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }

FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output				% special for
  output.year.check					% apalike
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  organization address new.block.checkb
  organization output
  address output
  format.edition output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output				% special for
  output.year.check					% apalike
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  "Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  address output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output				% special for
  output.year.check					% apalike
  new.block
  format.title output
  new.block
  howpublished output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output				% special for
  output.year.check					% apalike
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  new.block
  "PhD thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  address output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.editors output
  editor format.key output				% special for
  output.year.check					% apalike
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  format.bvolume output
  format.number.series output
  address output				% for apalike
  new.sentence					% we always output
  organization output				% a nonempty organization
  publisher output				% here
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output				% special for
  output.year.check					% apalike
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  format.tr.number output.nonnull
  institution "institution" output.check
  address output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output				% special for
  output.year.check					% apalike
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  note "note" output.check
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }

MACRO {jan} {"January"}

MACRO {feb} {"February"}

MACRO {mar} {"March"}

MACRO {apr} {"April"}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"June"}

MACRO {jul} {"July"}

MACRO {aug} {"August"}

MACRO {sep} {"September"}

MACRO {oct} {"October"}

MACRO {nov} {"November"}

MACRO {dec} {"December"}

MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}

MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}

MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}

MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}

MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}

MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}

MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}

MACRO {ieeetcad}
{"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}

MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}

MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}

MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}

MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}

MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}

MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}

MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}

MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}

MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}

MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}

MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}

MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}

READ

FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
    "l" change.case$
}

INTEGERS { len }

FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
  'len :=
    s #1 len substring$ =
  { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
    's
    if$
  }
    
    %			There are three apalike cases: one person (Jones),
    %			two (Jones and de~Bruijn), and more (Jones et~al.).
    %			This function is much like format.crossref.editors.
    %
    FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
    { 's :=
      s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
    s num.names$ duplicate$
      #2 >
    { pop$ "\textit{ et~al.}" * }
    { #2 <
      'skip$
      { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
      { " \textit{et~al.}" * }
      { " and " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
      if$
      }
      if$
      }
      if$
    }
      
      FUNCTION {author.key.label}
      { author empty$
      { key empty$
      { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
      'key					% apalike uses the whole key
      if$
      }
    { author format.lab.names }
    if$
      }
  
  FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
  { author empty$
  { editor empty$
  { key empty$
  { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
      'key				% apalike uses the whole key
    if$
  }
    { editor format.lab.names }
    if$
  }
    { author format.lab.names }
    if$
  }
    
    FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
    { editor empty$
    { key empty$
    { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
    'key			% apalike uses the whole key, no organization
    if$
    }
    { editor format.lab.names }
    if$
    }
    
    FUNCTION {calc.label}
    { type$ "book" =
        type$ "inbook" =
        or
      'author.editor.key.label
      { type$ "proceedings" =
      'editor.key.label			% apalike ignores organization
      'author.key.label			% for labeling and sorting
      if$
      }
      if$
      ", "							% these three lines are
      *							% for apalike, which
      year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$		% uses all four digits
      *
      'label :=
    }
    
    FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
    { 's :=
      #1 'nameptr :=
        ""
      s num.names$ 'numnames :=
      numnames 'namesleft :=
      { namesleft #0 > }
        { nameptr #1 >
          { "   " * }
          'skip$
          if$						% apalike uses initials
          s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}" format.name$ 't := % <= here
          nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
          { "et al" * }
          { t sortify * }
          if$
            nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
          namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
        }
        while$
      }
      
      FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
      { 't :=
        "A " #2
        "An " #3
        "The " #4 t chop.word
        chop.word
        chop.word
        sortify
        #1 global.max$ substring$
      }
        
        FUNCTION {author.sort}
        { author empty$
        { key empty$
        { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
        ""
        }
        { key sortify }
        if$
        }
        { author sort.format.names }
        if$
        }
        
        FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
        { author empty$
        { editor empty$
        { key empty$
        { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
        ""
        }
        { key sortify }
        if$
        }
        { editor sort.format.names }
        if$
        }
        { author sort.format.names }
        if$
        }
        
        FUNCTION {editor.sort}
        { editor empty$
        { key empty$
        { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
        ""
        }
        { key sortify }
        if$
        }
        { editor sort.format.names }
        if$
        }
        
        %			apalike uses two sorting passes; the first one sets the
        %			labels so that the `a's, `b's, etc. can be computed;
        %			the second pass puts the references in "correct" order.
        %			The presort function is for the first pass. It computes
        %			label, sort.label, and title, and then concatenates.
        FUNCTION {presort}
        { calc.label
        label sortify
        "    "
        *
        type$ "book" =
        type$ "inbook" =
        or
        'author.editor.sort
        { type$ "proceedings" =
            'editor.sort
          'author.sort
          if$
        }
        if$
          #1 entry.max$ substring$	% for
          'sort.label :=		% apalike
        sort.label			% style
        *
        "    "
        *
        title field.or.null
        sort.format.title
        *
        #1 entry.max$ substring$
        'sort.key$ :=
        }
      
      ITERATE {presort}
      
      SORT		% by label, sort.label, title---for final label calculation
      
      STRINGS { last.label next.extra }	% apalike labels are only for the text;
      
      INTEGERS { last.extra.num }		% there are none in the bibliography
      
      FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}	% and hence there is no `longest.label'
      { #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
        "" 'next.extra :=
      #0 'last.extra.num :=
      }
    
    FUNCTION {forward.pass}
    { last.label label =
    { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
      last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
    }
      { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
        "" 'extra.label :=
      label 'last.label :=
      }
      if$
      }
    
    FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
    { next.extra "b" =
    { "a" 'extra.label := }
      'skip$
        if$
        label extra.label * 'label :=
      extra.label 'next.extra :=
    }
      
      EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
      
      ITERATE {forward.pass}
      
      REVERSE {reverse.pass}
      
      %				Now that the label is right we sort for real,
      %				on sort.label then year then title.  This is
      %				for the second sorting pass.
      FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
      { sort.label
        "    "
        *
          year field.or.null sortify
        *
          "    "
        *
          title field.or.null
        sort.format.title
        *
          #1 entry.max$ substring$
          'sort.key$ :=
      }
        
        ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
        
        SORT		% by sort.label, year, title---giving final bibliography order
        
        FUNCTION {begin.bib}
        { preamble$ empty$				% no \etalchar in apalike
        'skip$
        { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
        if$
          "\begin{thebibliography}{}" write$ newline$		% no labels in apalike
        }
      
      EXECUTE {begin.bib}
      
      EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
      
      ITERATE {call.type$}
      
      FUNCTION {end.bib}
      { newline$
          "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
      }
      
      EXECUTE {end.bib}