10-class-inheritance.md

Class in TypeScript

Classes in TypeScript provide a way to create blueprints for objects, encapsulating data and behavior into a single unit. They support inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation, facilitating object-oriented programming principles.

class Animal {
constructor(public name: string) {}

    move(distance: number) {
      console.log(`${this.name} moved ${distance} meters.`);
    }

}

class Dog extends Animal {
bark() {
console.log("Woof!");
}
}

const rex = new Dog("Rex");
rex.bark(); ## Output: Woof!
rex.move(5); ## Output: Rex moved 5 meters.

Description: Classes allow defining blueprints for objects with properties and methods. In this example, Animal is a base class with a move method, and Dog is a derived class inheriting from Animal and adding a bark method.

Explanation: The Animal class encapsulates common characteristics shared by animals, such as a name and the ability to move. The Dog class extends Animal to inherit its behavior while adding specialized behavior, such as barking.

Key Concepts:

• Base Class (Animal): Defines the common characteristics shared by all animals.
• Derived Class (Dog): Inherits from the base class and can add specialized behavior specific to dogs.
• super: Used in the derived class's constructor to call the base class constructor, initializing inherited properties.
• Polymorphism: Instances of the derived class (Dog) can be treated as instances of the base class (Animal), allowing for flexibility and code reusability.