Updated to latest OWENS

examples/18_owens/analysis_options_owens_DVs.yaml

@@ -3,54 +3,43 @@ general:
     fname_output: refturb_output
 
 design_variables:
-  tower:
-    outer_diameter:
+  blade:
+    aero_shape:
+      chord:
+        flag: True
+        # max: 20.0
+      rotor_radius_vawt:
+        flag: True
+        n_opt: 7
+        index_start: 1
+        index_end: 6
+        # max: 20.0
+
+
+merit_figure: vawt_pseudolcoe
+
+constraints:
+  owens:
+    SF:
       flag: True
-      lower_bound: 3.87
-      upper_bound: 8.0
-    layer_thickness:
+      lower_bound: 2.0
+    fatigue:
       flag: True
-      lower_bound: 4e-3
-      upper_bound: 2e-1
-
-merit_figure: tower_mass
+    power:
+      flag: True # Enforce positive power
 
-# constraints:
-#   tower:
-#     height_constraint:
-#       flag: False
-#       lower_bound: 1.e-2
-#       upper_bound: 1.e-2
-#     stress:
-#       flag: True
-#     global_buckling:
-#       flag: True
-#     shell_buckling:
-#       flag: True
-#     d_to_t:
-#       flag: True
-#       lower_bound: 120.0
-#       upper_bound: 500.0
-#     taper:
-#       flag: True
-#       lower_bound: 0.2
-#     slope:
-#       flag: True
-#     frequency_1:
-#       flag: True
-#       lower_bound: 0.13
-#       upper_bound: 0.40
 
 driver:
     optimization:
-        flag: False         # Flag to enable optimization
+        flag: True         # Flag to enable optimization
         tol: 1.e-6          # Optimality tolerance
         # max_major_iter: 10  # Maximum number of major design iterations (SNOPT)
         # max_minor_iter: 100 # Maximum number of minor design iterations (SNOPT)
-        max_iter: 100         # Maximum number of iterations (SLSQP)
-        solver: SNOPT       # Optimization solver. Other options are 'SLSQP' - 'CONMIN'
-        step_size: 1.e-6    # Step size for finite differencing
+        max_iter: 200         # Maximum number of iterations (SLSQP)
+        solver: SLSQP       # Optimization solver. Other options are 'SLSQP' - 'CONMIN'
+        step_size: 1.e-4    # Step size for finite differencing
         form: forward       # Finite differencing mode, either forward or central
+        setp_calc: rel_avg
     # design_of_experiments:
     #     flag: True            # Flag to enable design of experiments
     #     run_parallel: False    # Flag to run using parallel processing

examples/18_owens/driver_weis_owens.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 analysis_override = {}
 analysis_override['general'] = {}
-analysis_override['general']['folder_output'] = os.path.join('outputs/18_OWENS_OptStudies/1_change_opt/',"slsqp")
+analysis_override['general']['folder_output'] = os.path.join('outputs/18_OWENS_OptStudies/1_change_opt_chord_radius/',"slsqp")
 analysis_override['driver'] = {}
 analysis_override['driver']['optimization'] = {}
 analysis_override['driver']['optimization']['solver'] = "SLSQP"

examples/18_owens/modeling_options_OWENS_windioExample.yaml

@@ -21,52 +21,70 @@ WISDEM:
     #     flag: True
 
 OWENS:
-  flag: True
-  OWENS_project_path: /Users/yliao/Documents/Projects/CT-OPT/OWENS
-  master_input: /Users/yliao/repos/OWENS.jl/docs/src/literate/sampleOWENS.yml
-  analysisType: unsteady # unsteady, steady, modal
-  turbineType: Darrieus #Darrieus, H-VAWT, ARCUS
-  controlStrategy: constantRPM # TODO: incorporate the others
-  RPM: 17.2 #RPM
-  numTS: 20 #
-  delta_t: 0.01 # s
-  Nslices: 30 # number of OWENSAero discritizations #TODO: AD parameters
-  ntheta: 30 # number of OWENSAero azimuthal discretizations
-  AModel: DMS # AD, DMS, AC
-  structuralModel: GX #GX, TNB, ROM
-  structuralNonlinear: false #TODO: propogate
-  ntelem: 10 #tower elements in each 
-  nbelem: 60 #blade elements in each 
-  ncelem: 10 #central cable elements in each if turbineType is ARCUS
-  nselem: 5 #strut elements in each if turbineType has struts
-  run_path: /Users/yliao/repos/OWENS.jl/docs/src/literate/
+    flag: True
+    general:
+      OWENS_project_path: /Users/yliao/Documents/Projects/CT-OPT/OWENS
+      master_input: /Users/yliao/repos/OWENS.jl/examples/literate/sampleOWENS.yml
+      run_path: /Users/yliao/repos/WEIS/examples/18_owens # points to the data folders
+      analysisType: unsteady # unsteady, steady, modal
+      AeroModel: "DMS" # OWENSAero model "DMS" for double multiple streamtube or "AC" for actuator cylinder, or "AD" for aerodyn
+      structuralModel: "TNB" #Structural models available: TNB full timoshenko beam elements with time newmark beta time stepping, ROM reduced order modal model of the timoshenko elements, GX with GXBeam's methods for geometrically exact beam theory and more efficient methods and time stepping
+      controlStrategy: "prescribedRPM" # should be in WindIO?- yes, 
+      numTS: 20 # number of time steps TODO: change to sim time and make this derived
+      delta_t: 0.01 # time step in seconds
+      dataOutputFilename: "./InitialDataOutputs.out" # data output filename with path, set to nothing or don't specify to not output anything
+      TOL: 1e-4 # gauss-seidel iteration tolerance - i.e. the two-way iteration tolerance
+      MAXITER: 300 # gauss-seidel max iterations - i.e. the two-way iterations
+      verbosity: 2 # verbosity where 0 is nothing, 1 is warnings, 2 is summary outputs, 3 is detailed outputs, and 4 is everything
+      VTKsaveName: "./vtk/windio" # Path and name of the VTK outputs, recommended to put it in its own folder (which it will automatically create if needed)
+      aeroLoadsOn: 2 # Level of aero coupling 0 structures only, 1 no deformation passed to the aero, 2 two-way coupling, 1.5 last time step's deformations passed to this timesteps aero and no internal iteration.
+      Prescribed_RPM_time_controlpoints: [0.0,100000.1]
+      Prescribed_RPM_RPM_controlpoints: [17.2,17.2]
+      Prescribed_Vinf_time_controlpoints: [0.0,100000.1]
+      Prescribed_Vinf_Vinf_controlpoints: [17.2,17.2]
+
+    DLC_Options:
+      DLCs: ["1_1","2_1"] # name of DLC
+      Vinf_range: [17.2] # inflow Cutin to cutout and discretization
+      IEC_std: "\"1-ED3\"" # turbsim input file IEC standard
+      WindChar: "\"A\"" # turbsim wind charasteric 
+      WindClass: 1 # turbsim wind class
+      turbsimsavepath: "./turbsimfiles" # path where the turbsim files are saved
+      pathtoturbsim: nothing # path to the turbsim executable
+      NumGrid_Z: 38 # turbsim vertical discretizations 
+      NumGrid_Y: 26 # turbsim horizontal discretizations
+      Vref: 17.2 # reference/nominal wind speed m/s for turbsim or other inflow wind input file (depending on which DLC is selected)
+      Vdesign: 11.0 # Design or rated speed of turbine, used for certain DLC cases
+      grid_oversize: 1.1 # amount that the turbsim inflow is oversized compared to the turbine to allow for deflection
+      regenWindFiles: false #, force regeneration of turbsim files even if they already exist
+      delta_t_turbsim: 0.05 # turbsim timestep
+      simtime_turbsim: 600.0 # turbsim total time, which loops if simtime exceeds turbsim time
 
-# designParameters:
-  eta: 0.5 # blade mount point ratio, 0.5 is the blade half chord is perpendicular with the axis of rotation, 0.25 is the quarter chord, etc
-  # move to geometry?
-  # Nbld: 3 # number of blades
-  # Blade_Radius: 54.01123056 # blade height m
-  # Blade_Height: 110.1829092 # blade radius m
-  # towerHeight: 3.0 # m tower extension height below blades
+    OWENSAero_Options:
+        Nslices: 30 # number of 3-D slices for the strip method to go from 2D to 3D considering curved deforming blades
+        ntheta: 30 # number of azimuthal discretizations
+        ifw: false # use the OpenFASTWrappers inflow wind coupling to get inflow velocities
+        DynamicStallModel: "BV" # dynamic stall model, should be under an OWENSAero options
+        RPI: true # rotating point iterative method (i.e. it just calculates at the blade positions and is much faster)
+        Aero_Buoyancy_Active: false # flag to turn buoyancy on for the blades.  This is likely to be replaced by a different model
 
-# operationParameters:
-#   rho: 1.225 # air density
-#   Vinf: 17.2 # m/s #optional, supersceeded if ifw=true
+    OWENSFEA_Options:
+        nlOn: true #nonlinear effects
+        RayleighAlpha: 0.05 #damping coefficient scalar on the stiffness matrix
+        RayleighBeta: 0.05 #damping coefficient scalar on the mass matrix
+        iterationType: "DI" #internal iteration type DI direct iteration, NR newton rhapson (which is less stable than DI)
+        numModes: 20 #if ROM model, number of modes used in the analysis type.  Less is faster but less accurate
+        tolerance: 1.0e-06 #total mesh unsteady analysis convergence tolerance for a timestep within the structural model
+        maxIterations: 50 #total mesh unsteady analysis convergence max iterations for a timestep
+        AddedMass_Coeff_Ca: 0.0 #added mass coefficient, scaling factor (typically 0-1) on the cones of water mass applied to each structural element in the 22 and 33 diagonal terms. 0 turns this off
 
-# turbulentInflow:
-  ifw: false
-  windType: 3
-  windINPfilename: /Users/yliao/repos/OWENS.jl/examples/Optimization/data/turbsim/115mx115m_30x30_20.0msETM.bts
-  ifw_libfiles: None
+    Mesh_Options:
+        ntelem: 10 # number of tower elements in each blade, plus nodes wherever there is a component overlap
+        nbelem: 60 # number of blade elements in each blade, plus nodes wherever there is a component overlap
+        nselem: 5 # number of elements in each strut
+        angularOffset: -1.5707963267948966
+        AD15hubR: 0.1 # parameter, used in aerodyn coupling for the hub radius so that the vortex sheets don't go within the hub
+        turbineType: Darrieus
 
-# AeroParameters:
-  adi_lib: None
-  adi_rootname: "/ExampleB"
-
-# structuralParameters:
-#   NuMad_geom_xlscsv_file_twr: /data/NuMAD_Geom_SNL_5MW_D_TaperedTower.csv
-#   NuMad_mat_xlscsv_file_twr: /data/NuMAD_Materials_SNL_5MW.csv
-#   NuMad_geom_xlscsv_file_bld: /data/NuMAD_Geom_SNL_5MW_D_Carbon_LCDT_ThickFoils_ThinSkin.csv
-#   NuMad_mat_xlscsv_file_bld: /data/NuMAD_Materials_SNL_5MW.csv
-#   NuMad_geom_xlscsv_file_strut: /data/NuMAD_Geom_SNL_5MW_Struts.csv
-#   NuMad_mat_xlscsv_file_strut: /data/NuMAD_Materials_SNL_5MW.csv
+    OWENSOpenFASTWrappers_Options:
+        windINPfilename: /data/turbsim/115mx115m_30x30_20.0msETM.bts #OWENSOpenFASTWrappers If ifw or AeroDyn is being used, gets overwritten if using the DLC analysis type, the moordyn file location, like in the unit test

examples/18_owens/owens_land.yaml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ components:
                     values: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
                 z:
                     grid: *id000
-                    values: [0, 6.607421057, 13.21484211, 19.82226317, 26.42968423, 33.03710529, 39.64452634, 46.2519474, 52.85936846, 59.46678951, 66.07421057, 72.68163163, 79.28905268, 85.89647374, 92.5038948, 99.11131586, 105.7187369, 112.326158, 118.933579, 125.5410001, 132.1484211]
+                    values: [0, 6.607421057, 13.21484211, 19.82226317, 26.42968423, 33.03710529, 39.64452634, 46.2519474, 52.85936846, 59.46678951, 66.07421057, 72.68163163, 79.28905268, 85.89647374, 92.5038948, 99.11131586, 105.7187369, 112.326158, 118.933579, 125.5410001, 132.1484211] # The reference axis z of tower cannot be zeros, otherwise the towerse in wisdem will give errors
             outer_diameter:
                 grid: *id000
                 values: [5.888066637, 5.788249614, 5.684865834, 5.577578504, 5.465996871, 5.349663569, 5.22803793, 5.100473576, 4.966187737, 4.824218239, 4.673361587, 4.512081003, 4.338364592, 4.149496455, 3.941665819, 3.70924955, 3.443362258, 3.128502234, 2.732998436, 2.169182296, 2.0]
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ components:
                   material: Generic_Skin
                   thickness:
                       grid: *id000
-                      values: [0.089213, 0.087701, 0.086134, 0.084509, 0.082818, 0.081056, 0.079213, 0.07728 , 0.075245, 0.073094, 0.070809, 0.068365, 0.065733, 0.062871, 0.059722, 0.056201, 0.052172, 0.047402, 0.041409, 0.032866, 0.030303]
+                      values: [0.008921, 0.00877 , 0.008613, 0.008451, 0.008282, 0.008106,0.007921, 0.007728, 0.007525, 0.007309, 0.007081, 0.006836, 0.006573, 0.006287, 0.005972, 0.00562 , 0.005217, 0.00474 , 0.004141, 0.003287, 0.00303 ]
                 #   n_plies:
                 #       grid: *id000
                 #       values: [8.921, 8.770, 8.613, 8.451, 8.282, 8.106, 7.921, 7.728, 7.525, 7.309, 7.081, 6.836, 6.573, 6.287, 5.972, 5.620, 5.217, 4.740, 4.141, 3.287, 3.030]
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ components:
             pitch_axis:
                 grid: *id001
                 values: [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3]
-
+            blade_mountpoint: 0.5
             # OWENS only uses the reference axis of internal structure 2d fem but in windIO this is usually defined equal to the refenrece axis in the outer shape bem, so move the values in internal sturcture 2d fem here
             reference_axis:
                 x: &xid001
@@ -326,6 +326,8 @@ components:
             joint: {position: 0.0, mass: 0.0, cost: 0.0, bolt: M30, nonmaterial_cost: 0.0, reinforcement_layer_ss: joint_reinf_ss, reinforcement_layer_ps: joint_reinf_ps}
     struts:
     #   - name: strut1
+        mountfraction_blade: [0.11, 0.89]
+        mountfraction_tower: [0.11, 0.89]
         outer_shape_bem:
             airfoil_position:
                 grid: &id002 [0, 0.33331652, 0.66668348, 1.0] # Changed to nondimensionalized
@@ -750,7 +752,7 @@ materials:
     #   m: [0.0,1.0,2.0,4.0,6.0,20.0]
    -  {name: resin, description: epoxy, source: Described in https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-19-2022, E: 1000000.0, nu: 0.3, G: 312500.0, GIc: 0.0, GIIc: 0.0, alp0: 0.0, Xt: 0.0, Xc: 0.0, S: 0.0, rho: 1150.0, alpha: 0.0, orth: 0.0, unit_cost: 3.63} # No resin in the original OWENS yaml, but WEIS requires resin for composites
    -  {name: Adhesive, orth: 0.0, rho: 1100.0, E: 4560000.0, G: 1450000.0, nu: 0.3, alpha: 0.0, Xt: 61510000.0, Xc: 65360000.0, S: 36610000.0, GIc: 0.0, GIIc: 0.0, alp0: 0.0, ply_t: 0.001, waste: 0.25, unit_cost: 7.23} # No adhesive in the original OWENS yaml, but WEIS requires adhesive for cost models
-control:
+control: # This has to be here for connection to work. Copied from IEA22
     supervisory: {Vin: 0.5, Vout: 4.0, maxTS: 60}
     pitch: {PC_zeta: !!null '', PC_omega: !!null '', ps_percent: !!null '', max_pitch: !!null '', max_pitch_rate: 0.1745, min_pitch: 0.00088}
     torque: {control_type: !!null '', tsr: 7.64, VS_zeta: !!null '', VS_omega: !!null '', max_torque_rate: 1500000.0, VS_minspd: 0.0, VS_maxspd: 1.26711}

weis/glue_code/gc_PoseOptimization.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from wisdem.glue_code.gc_PoseOptimization import PoseOptimization
 import numpy as np
+from scipy.interpolate import PchipInterpolator
 
 class PoseOptimizationWEIS(PoseOptimization):
 
@@ -113,6 +114,9 @@ def set_objective(self, wt_opt):
 
         elif self.opt['merit_figure'] == 'OL2CL_pitch':
             wt_opt.model.add_objective('aeroelastic.OL2CL_pitch')
+
+        elif self.opt['merit_figure'] == 'vawt_pseudolcoe':
+            wt_opt.model.add_objective('owens.lcoe')
 
         else:
             super(PoseOptimizationWEIS, self).set_objective(wt_opt)
@@ -216,6 +220,30 @@ def set_design_variables(self, wt_opt, wt_init):
                         upper=tmd_group['damping_ratio']['upper_bound']
                         )
 
+        # OWENS radius
+        rotor_radius_vawt_opt = self.opt["design_variables"]["blade"]["aero_shape"]["rotor_radius_vawt"]
+        if rotor_radius_vawt_opt["flag"]:
+            if rotor_radius_vawt_opt["index_end"] > rotor_radius_vawt_opt["n_opt"]:
+                raise Exception(
+                    "Check the analysis options yaml, index_end of the blade radius is higher than the number of DVs n_opt"
+                )
+            elif rotor_radius_vawt_opt["index_end"] == 0:
+                rotor_radius_vawt_opt["index_end"] = rotor_radius_vawt_opt["n_opt"]
+            indices_radius = range(rotor_radius_vawt_opt["index_start"], rotor_radius_vawt_opt["index_end"])
+            s_opt_radius = np.linspace(0.0, 1.0, rotor_radius_vawt_opt["n_opt"])
+            radius_interpolator = PchipInterpolator(
+                wt_init["components"]["blade"]["outer_shape_bem"]["reference_axis"]["x"]["grid"],
+                wt_init["components"]["blade"]["outer_shape_bem"]["reference_axis"]["x"]["values"],
+            )
+            init_radius_opt = radius_interpolator(s_opt_radius)
+            wt_opt.model.add_design_var(
+                "blade.opt_var.rotor_radius_vawt",
+                indices=indices_radius,
+                lower=init_radius_opt[indices_radius] * rotor_radius_vawt_opt["max_decrease"],
+                upper=init_radius_opt[indices_radius] * rotor_radius_vawt_opt["max_increase"],
+            )
+
+
         return wt_opt
 
 
@@ -396,6 +424,15 @@ def set_constraints(self, wt_opt):
 
             wt_opt.model.add_constraint('aeroelastic.damage_tower_base',upper = tower_base_damage_max)
 
+        # vawt owens constraints
+        owens_constr = self.opt["constraints"]["owens"]
+        if owens_constr["SF"]["flag"]:
+            wt_opt.model.add_constraint("owens.SF", lower=self.opt["constraints"]["owens"]["SF"]["lower_bound"])
+        if owens_constr["fatigue"]["flag"]:
+            wt_opt.model.add_constraint("owens.fatigue_damage", upper=1.0)
+        if owens_constr["power"]["flag"]:
+            wt_opt.model.add_constraint("owens.power", lower=0.0)
+
         return wt_opt
 
 

weis/glue_code/glue_code.py

@@ -960,7 +960,7 @@ def setup(self):
             self.connect("blade.pa.chord_param", "owens.blade_chord_values")
             self.connect("blade.pa.twist_param", "owens.blade_twist_values")
             self.connect("blade.outer_shape_bem.pitch_axis", "owens.blade_pitch_axis_values")
-            self.connect("blade.outer_shape_bem.ref_axis", "owens.blade_ref_axis")
+            self.connect("blade.high_level_blade_props.blade_ref_axis", "owens.blade_ref_axis")
 
             self.connect("blade.internal_structure_2d_fem.web_start_nd", "owens.blade_web_start_nd_arc")
             self.connect("blade.internal_structure_2d_fem.web_end_nd", "owens.blade_web_end_nd_arc")