diff --git a/src/CreeDictionary/API/schema.py b/src/CreeDictionary/API/schema.py
index 05f03baaa..cbfeaaa35 100644
--- a/src/CreeDictionary/API/schema.py
+++ b/src/CreeDictionary/API/schema.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 this file contains `TypedDict` classes that effectively serves as json schema for serialized objects
 """
+
 from typing import List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Union
 
 from typing_extensions import Literal, TypedDict
diff --git a/src/CreeDictionary/API/search/espt.py b/src/CreeDictionary/API/search/espt.py
index 1c0b937f7..cb596cb31 100644
--- a/src/CreeDictionary/API/search/espt.py
+++ b/src/CreeDictionary/API/search/espt.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 ESPT: English simple phrase translation
 """
+
 import logging
 import re
 from dataclasses import dataclass
diff --git a/src/CreeDictionary/API/search/espt_crk.py b/src/CreeDictionary/API/search/espt_crk.py
index 874255557..41dcaec3b 100644
--- a/src/CreeDictionary/API/search/espt_crk.py
+++ b/src/CreeDictionary/API/search/espt_crk.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Cree-specific data for English Inflected Phrase search
 """
+
 from morphodict.analysis.tag_map import TagMap
 
 # tags needed for FST generator
diff --git a/src/CreeDictionary/API/search/presentation.py b/src/CreeDictionary/API/search/presentation.py
index 50acf2aef..ead4d238b 100644
--- a/src/CreeDictionary/API/search/presentation.py
+++ b/src/CreeDictionary/API/search/presentation.py
@@ -523,9 +523,11 @@ def get_lexical_info(
                 text=reduplication_string,
                 definitions=[
                     {
-                        "text": "Strong reduplication: intermittent, repeatedly, iteratively; again and again; here and there"
-                        if tag == "RdplS+"
-                        else "Weak Reduplication: ongoing, continuing"
+                        "text": (
+                            "Strong reduplication: intermittent, repeatedly, iteratively; again and again; here and there"
+                            if tag == "RdplS+"
+                            else "Weak Reduplication: ongoing, continuing"
+                        )
                     }
                 ],
             ).serialize()
diff --git a/src/CreeDictionary/API/search/types.py b/src/CreeDictionary/API/search/types.py
index 81b6a37e7..616e28b52 100644
--- a/src/CreeDictionary/API/search/types.py
+++ b/src/CreeDictionary/API/search/types.py
@@ -25,14 +25,12 @@ class LinguisticTag(Protocol):
     """
 
     @property
-    def value(self) -> FSTTag:
-        ...
+    def value(self) -> FSTTag: ...
 
     # TODO: linguistic feature
 
     @property
-    def in_plain_english(self) -> str:
-        ...
+    def in_plain_english(self) -> str: ...
 
     def serialize(self) -> SerializedLinguisticTag:
         return SerializedLinguisticTag(
diff --git a/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/migrations/0001_insert_bibliographic_data.py b/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/migrations/0001_insert_bibliographic_data.py
index 56f3a213c..c365d3b7f 100644
--- a/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/migrations/0001_insert_bibliographic_data.py
+++ b/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/migrations/0001_insert_bibliographic_data.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Stub for data migration that used to add data to a table that no longer exists.
 """
+
 from django.db import migrations
 
 
diff --git a/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/migrations/0003_add_wordform_paradigms.py b/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/migrations/0003_add_wordform_paradigms.py
index 5427da01c..3f07209d8 100644
--- a/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/migrations/0003_add_wordform_paradigms.py
+++ b/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/migrations/0003_add_wordform_paradigms.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Stub for data migration that used to add data to a table that no longer exists.
 """
+
 from django.db import migrations
 
 
diff --git a/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/paradigm/manager.py b/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/paradigm/manager.py
index ca65229c2..c385b89b2 100644
--- a/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/paradigm/manager.py
+++ b/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/paradigm/manager.py
@@ -285,5 +285,4 @@ class Transducer(Protocol):
     the paradigm manager actually uses.
     """
 
-    def bulk_lookup(self, strings: Iterable[str]) -> dict[str, set[str]]:
-        ...
+    def bulk_lookup(self, strings: Iterable[str]) -> dict[str, set[str]]: ...
diff --git a/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/paradigm/test_panes.py b/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/paradigm/test_panes.py
index 4fb661535..1a2768755 100644
--- a/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/paradigm/test_panes.py
+++ b/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/paradigm/test_panes.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Unit tests for the paradigm pane module.
 """
+
 import pytest
 from more_itertools import first, ilen, last, one
 
diff --git a/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/templatetags/creedictionary_extras.py b/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/templatetags/creedictionary_extras.py
index 53e402b53..2c1ed7592 100644
--- a/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/templatetags/creedictionary_extras.py
+++ b/src/CreeDictionary/CreeDictionary/templatetags/creedictionary_extras.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Template tags related to the Cree Dictionary specifically.
 """
+
 from urllib.parse import quote
 from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
 
diff --git a/src/CreeDictionary/cvd/definition_keys.py b/src/CreeDictionary/cvd/definition_keys.py
index 6b0d46ff9..a9c1c5f95 100644
--- a/src/CreeDictionary/cvd/definition_keys.py
+++ b/src/CreeDictionary/cvd/definition_keys.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  2. Also refer unambiguously to a single wordform.
 """
 
-
 import json
 import logging
 from typing import TypedDict, cast, Optional
diff --git a/src/CreeDictionary/morphodict/orthography.py b/src/CreeDictionary/morphodict/orthography.py
index a002eb2fc..498eb4db2 100644
--- a/src/CreeDictionary/morphodict/orthography.py
+++ b/src/CreeDictionary/morphodict/orthography.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Handling of the writing system of the language.
 """
+
 import logging
 from importlib import import_module
 from typing import Callable, Set
diff --git a/src/CreeDictionary/tests/CreeDictionary_tests/test_context_processors.py b/src/CreeDictionary/tests/CreeDictionary_tests/test_context_processors.py
index 8c0ee7f2c..fec6f914e 100644
--- a/src/CreeDictionary/tests/CreeDictionary_tests/test_context_processors.py
+++ b/src/CreeDictionary/tests/CreeDictionary_tests/test_context_processors.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 Test Django template context processors.
 """
 
-
 import pytest
 from django.http import HttpRequest
 from django.template import RequestContext, Template
diff --git a/src/CreeDictionary/utils/profiling.py b/src/CreeDictionary/utils/profiling.py
index 552cba801..d99c4eed3 100644
--- a/src/CreeDictionary/utils/profiling.py
+++ b/src/CreeDictionary/utils/profiling.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """measure and report function execution time"""
+
 import time
 from functools import wraps
 from typing import Any, Callable
diff --git a/src/CreeDictionary/utils/shared_res_dir.py b/src/CreeDictionary/utils/shared_res_dir.py
index 16c9c7061..d7dbd6c67 100644
--- a/src/CreeDictionary/utils/shared_res_dir.py
+++ b/src/CreeDictionary/utils/shared_res_dir.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Gives the path to the shared resources ("res") folder.
 """
+
 from pathlib import Path
 
 shared_res_dir: Path = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "res"
diff --git a/src/CreeDictionary/utils/types.py b/src/CreeDictionary/utils/types.py
index 01bb913f0..18458b0a1 100644
--- a/src/CreeDictionary/utils/types.py
+++ b/src/CreeDictionary/utils/types.py
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
 
 
 class HashableNamedTupleFieldValue(Protocol):
-    def __hash__(self):
-        ...
+    def __hash__(self): ...
 
 
 T = TypeVar("T")
diff --git a/src/crkeng/app/integration_tests/test_render_paradigm.py b/src/crkeng/app/integration_tests/test_render_paradigm.py
index dbd44c556..f7b58ba2c 100644
--- a/src/crkeng/app/integration_tests/test_render_paradigm.py
+++ b/src/crkeng/app/integration_tests/test_render_paradigm.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Test paradigm generation for the itwêwina (crkeng) dictionary.
 """
+
 from more_itertools import first
 
 from CreeDictionary.CreeDictionary.paradigm.generation import default_paradigm_manager
diff --git a/src/crkeng/app/preferences.py b/src/crkeng/app/preferences.py
index 74e688f7d..715d586e7 100644
--- a/src/crkeng/app/preferences.py
+++ b/src/crkeng/app/preferences.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Preferences used in itwêwina, the Cree Intelligent Dictionary.
 """
+
 from django.conf import settings
 
 from morphodict.preference import register_preference, Preference
diff --git a/src/morphodict/preference/__init__.py b/src/morphodict/preference/__init__.py
index ef53eeea3..9a1a52f7f 100644
--- a/src/morphodict/preference/__init__.py
+++ b/src/morphodict/preference/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 Allows for generic site-wide preferences stored in cookies.
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass
diff --git a/src/morphodict/preference/urls.py b/src/morphodict/preference/urls.py
index 619102c95..066f612bd 100644
--- a/src/morphodict/preference/urls.py
+++ b/src/morphodict/preference/urls.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
         path("preferences", include("morphodict.preference.urls")),
     ]
 """
+
 from django.urls import path
 
 from . import views
diff --git a/src/morphodict/runserver/mobile_run_handler.py b/src/morphodict/runserver/mobile_run_handler.py
index 6dce275d7..0739bc677 100644
--- a/src/morphodict/runserver/mobile_run_handler.py
+++ b/src/morphodict/runserver/mobile_run_handler.py
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
 foreground again.
 """
 
-
 import socketserver
 from threading import Condition, Lock
 from typing import Optional
diff --git a/src/morphodict/site/base_dir_setup.py b/src/morphodict/site/base_dir_setup.py
index bd9446d7b..f5bda06b5 100644
--- a/src/morphodict/site/base_dir_setup.py
+++ b/src/morphodict/site/base_dir_setup.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 from. The current workaround to pass that is to store the base dir here in a
 variable that can only be set once.
 """
+
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Optional