socrates.py

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# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
#
# all humans are mortal
# Socrates is a human
# so Socrates mortal 
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from z3 import *

Object = DeclareSort('Object')

Human = Function('Human', Object, BoolSort())
Mortal = Function('Mortal', Object, BoolSort())

# a well known philosopher 
socrates = Const('socrates', Object)

# free variables used in forall must be declared Const in python
x = Const('x', Object)

axioms = [ForAll([x], Implies(Human(x), Mortal(x))), 
          Human(socrates)]


s = Solver()
s.add(axioms)

print(s.check()) # prints sat so axioms are coherent

# classical refutation
s.add(Not(Mortal(socrates)))

print(s.check()) # prints unsat so socrates is Mortal