The objectives of this assignment are:
- Understanding the use of an ORM
- Executing queries on a MySQL database using Sequelize
This lab is Dockerized, so it has all the packages and dependencies already installed and containerized, when you compose it, it will come with all the packages installed and configured inside.
Imagine it like a small virtual machine, everything is set and ready, you just need to write code for the solutions and starting the database is slightly different. We do this for you students to not encounter possible errors related to your development environment.
You will find additional instructions after this section so you can also learn how to install the dependencies and start your database in a non-dockerized environment.
Follow these instructions to get the app ready:
- Start your Docker app on your desktop.
- Run the command
npm run startto build docker images. It might take some time, what this command does is it installs all the needed and pre-configured packages likemysql2andsequelizeand starts and creates a database namedpracticethat you otherwise would need to install/configure yourself. You can check your Docker app after it is done and you would see that Docker created 2 images and connected (bound them together) them after it's done you can runnpm run verifyto make sure that the container has been built correctly.
Ta-da, we are ready to work on the assignment now.
First, let's create a connection to our practice database and test it out.
In the assignment folder, you will find a file called connect.js. Enter these lines of code here.
const Sequelize = require("sequelize");
const path = "mysql://root:secret@db:3306/practice";
const sequelize = new Sequelize(path);
sequelize
.authenticate()
.then(() => {
console.log("Connection established successfully.");
})
.catch((err) => {
console.error("Unable to connect to the database: ", err);
})
.finally(() => {
sequelize.close();
});Note: If you'd check the compose.yaml file, you can see that root is the name of our user, secret is the name of our password, 3306 is our port and practice is the name of our database. Unlike the normal setup, we don't need to change anything here.
Now let's run this file: npm run execute connect.js. You should see the output as :
[+] Building 0.0s (0/0)
docker:default
[+] Building 0.0s (0/0)
docker:default
Executing (default): SELECT 1+1 AS result
Connection established successfully.
From this piece of code, you can tell the following:
- Sequelize requires a MySQL connection path that contains the username, password, hostname, database port and database name.
- The authenticate method tests the connection by trying to authenticate to the database. We show a message when the connection is established OK.
- In case of an error, we show an error message.
- In the end, we close the database connection.
A Model represents a table in the database. Let's create a model representing a table called todo for a todo list application.
In the assignment folder, you will find a file called model.js. Enter these lines of code here.
const Sequelize = require("sequelize");
const path = "mysql://root:secret@db:3306/practice";
const sequelize = new Sequelize(path);
// The table will have a column called description of type string
const Todo = sequelize.define("todo", {
description: Sequelize.STRING,
});
Todo.sync()
.then(() => {
console.log('New table "todo" created');
})
.catch((err) => {
console.error("Unable to create table: ", err);
})
.finally(() => {
sequelize.close();
});Once again, run npm run execute model.js. You should see the query being executed in the output and the todo table will be created.
Now that we have written some code utilizing Sequelize, let's explore some more of what can be achieved through this ORM by performing some more operations on our Todo table.
In this assignment folder, you will find the following files:
insert_todo.js
find_by_id.js
multi_insert_todo.js
find_one.js
count_rows.js
update_row.js
delete_row.js
order_by.js
In each file, you will find a comment describing an SQL operation to be done using Sequelize. You must write the required code for each operation in these files one by one.
Note: You will have to add the SQL connection and model definition on each file since we will be running each file independently. Example: npm run execute insert_todo.js
Refer to the Sequelize documentation for support.
Run npm run stop to stop docker and npm run reset in case anything goes wrong and you need to start from scratch
Once you're ready to submit the assignment, follow these steps on your terminal:
- Stage your changes to all the JS files to be committed:
git add . - Commit your final changes:
git commit -m "solve assignment" - Push your commit to the main branch of your assignment repo:
git push origin main
After your changes are pushed, return to this assignment on Canvas for the final step of submission.
So far we know how to directly execute queries on a MySQL database. This assignment gave us the chance to work with a MySQL database using Node.js. Of course, we will not be writing separate files for each operation in our actual projects. When building a CRUD API, we will simply execute the Sequelize functions within our API endpoint handlers depending on the required operation. All of this coming soon in Module 3, so stay tuned!
Follow these installation instructions to install MySQL on your computer.
After completing the installation, make sure to run the security script and then start the MySQL service, all mentioned in the installation links above.
Please Note: Keep a note of the password you created while executing the security script.
Now, start the MySQL prompt by running the command: mysql -u root -p
It will ask you to enter the password which you created to secure your MySQL installation.
After entering the password you should see the MySQL prompt mysql>
Let's create a database for practice. Enter the query: create database practice;
Once our practice database is created, we can exit the prompt: exit
Sequelize is available via npm. Navigate to your cloned assignment folder and run the command: npm install sequelize
To use sequelize on a Node.js project, we will also have to install the database driver, so run the command: npm install mysql2
First, let's create a connection to our practice database and test it out.
In the assignment folder, you will find a file called connect.js. Enter these lines of code here.
const Sequelize = require("sequelize");
const path = "mysql://root:yourpassword@localhost:3306/practice";
const sequelize = new Sequelize(path);
sequelize
.authenticate()
.then(() => {
console.log("Connection established successfully.");
})
.catch((err) => {
console.error("Unable to connect to the database: ", err);
})
.finally(() => {
sequelize.close();
});Note: Add your MySQL password in the path for the database connection, by replacing yourpassword.
Now, let's run this file: node connect.js. You should see the output as:
Executing (default): SELECT 1+1 AS result
Connection established successfully.
From this piece of code, you can tell the following:
- Sequelize requires a MySQL connection path that contains the username, password, hostname, database port and database name.
- The authenticate method tests the connection by trying to authenticate to the database. We show a message when the connection is established OK.
- In case of an error, we show an error message.
- In the end, we close the database connection.
A Model represents a table in the database. Let's create a model representing a table called todo for a todo list application.
In the assignment folder, you will find a file called model.js. Enter these lines of code here.
const Sequelize = require("sequelize");
const path = "mysql://root:yourpassword@localhost:3306/practice";
const sequelize = new Sequelize(path);
// The table will have a column called description of type string
const Todo = sequelize.define("todo", {
description: Sequelize.STRING,
});
Todo.sync()
.then(() => {
console.log('New table "todo" created');
})
.catch((err) => {
console.error("Unable to create table: ", err);
})
.finally(() => {
sequelize.close();
});Once again add your password in the connection path and then run node model.js. You should see the query being executed in the output and the todo table will be created. You can even verify this on the MySQL Prompt.
Now that we have written some code utilizing Sequelize, let's explore some more of what can be achieved through this ORM by performing some more operations on our Todo table.
In this assignment folder, you will find the following files:
insert_todo.js
find_by_id.js
multi_insert_todo.js
find_one.js
count_rows.js
update_row.js
delete_row.js
order_by.js
In each file, you will find a comment describing an SQL operation to be done using Sequelize. You must write the required code for each operation in these files one by one.
Note: You will have to add the SQL connection and model definition on each file, since we will be running each file independently.
Refer to the Sequelize documentation for support.
Once you're ready to submit the assignment, follow these steps on your terminal:
- Stage your changes to all the JS files to be committed:
git add . - Commit your final changes:
git commit -m "solve assignment" - Push your commit to the main branch of your assignment repo:
git push origin main
After your changes are pushed, return to this assignment on Canvas for the final step of submission.
So far we know how to directly execute queries on a MySQL database. This assignment gave us the chance to work with a MySQL database using Node.js. Of course, we will not be writing separate files for each operation in our actual projects. When building a CRUD API, we will simply execute the Sequelize functions within our API endpoint handlers depending on the required operation. All of this coming soon in Module 3, so stay tuned!