There are instructions for other platforms linked from the get the code page.
Are you a Google employee? See go/building-chrome-win instead.
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- A 64-bit Intel machine with at least 8GB of RAM. More than 16GB is highly recommended.
- At least 100GB of free disk space on an NTFS-formatted hard drive. FAT32 will not work, as some of the Git packfiles are larger than 4GB.
- An appropriate version of Visual Studio, as described below.
- Windows 10 or newer.
Chromium requires Visual Studio 2017 (>=15.7.2) to build, but Visual Studio 2019 (>=16.0.0) is preferred. Visual Studio can also be used to debug Chromium, and version 2019 is preferred for this as it handles Chromium's large debug information much better. The clang-cl compiler is used but Visual Studio's header files, libraries, and some tools are required. Visual Studio Community Edition should work if its license is appropriate for you. You must install the "Desktop development with C++" component and the "MFC/ATL support" sub-components. This can be done from the command line by passing these arguments to the Visual Studio installer (see below for ARM64 instructions):
$ PATH_TO_INSTALLER.EXE ^
--add Microsoft.VisualStudio.Workload.NativeDesktop ^
--add Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.ATLMFC ^
--includeRecommendedIf you want to build for ARM64 Win32 then some extra arguments are needed. The full set for that case is:
$ PATH_TO_INSTALLER.EXE ^
--add Microsoft.VisualStudio.Workload.NativeDesktop ^
--add Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.ATLMFC ^
--add Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.ARM64 ^
--add Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.MFC.ARM64 ^
--includeRecommended-You must have the version 10.0.20348.0 Windows 10 SDK installed. This can be installed separately or by checking the appropriate box in the Visual Studio Installer.
The SDK Debugging Tools must also be installed. If the Windows 10 SDK was installed via the Visual Studio installer, then they can be installed by going to: Control Panel → Programs → Programs and Features → Select the "Windows Software Development Kit" → Change → Change → Check "Debugging Tools For Windows" → Change. Or, you can download the standalone SDK installer and use it to install the Debugging Tools.
Download the depot_tools bundle and extract it somewhere (eg: C:\src\depot_tools).
*** note Warning: DO NOT use drag-n-drop or copy-n-paste extract from Explorer, this will not extract the hidden “.git” folder which is necessary for depot_tools to autoupdate itself. You can use “Extract all…” from the context menu though.
Add depot_tools to the start of your PATH (must be ahead of any installs of Python. Note that environment variable names are case insensitive).
Assuming you unzipped the bundle to C:\src\depot_tools, open:
Control Panel → System and Security → System → Advanced system settings
If you have Administrator access, Modify the PATH system variable and
put C:\src\depot_tools at the front (or at least in front of any directory
that might already have a copy of Python or Git).
If you don't have Administrator access, you can add a user-level PATH environment variable by opening:
Control Panel → System and Security → System → Search for "Edit environment variables for your account"
Add C:\src\depot_tools at the front. Note: If your system PATH has a Python in it, you will be out of luck.
Also, add a DEPOT_TOOLS_WIN_TOOLCHAIN environment variable in the same way, and set it to 0. This tells depot_tools to use your locally installed version of Visual Studio (by default, depot_tools will try to use a google-internal version).
You may also have to set variable vs2017_install or vs2019_install or
vs2022_install to your installation path of Visual Studio 2017 or 19 or 22, like
set vs2019_install=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Professional
for Visual Studio 2019, or
set vs2022_install=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Professional
for Visual Studio 2022.
From a cmd.exe shell, run:
$ gclientOn first run, gclient will install all the Windows-specific bits needed to work with the code, including msysgit and python.
- If you run gclient from a non-cmd shell (e.g., cygwin, PowerShell), it may appear to run properly, but msysgit, python, and other tools may not get installed correctly.
- If you see strange errors with the file system on the first run of gclient, you may want to disable Windows Indexing.
After running gclient open a command prompt and type where python and
confirm that the depot_tools python.bat comes ahead of any copies of
python.exe. Failing to ensure this can lead to overbuilding when
using gn - see crbug.com/611087.
App Execution Aliases can conflict with other installations of python on the system so disable these for 'python.exe' and 'python3.exe' by opening 'App execution aliases' section of Control Panel and unticking the boxes next to both of these that point to 'App Installer'.
First, configure Git:
$ git config --global user.name "My Name"
$ git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
$ git config --global core.autocrlf false
$ git config --global core.filemode false
$ git config --global branch.autosetuprebase alwaysCreate a chromium directory for the checkout and change to it (you can call
this whatever you like and put it wherever you like, as
long as the full path has no spaces):
$ mkdir chromium && cd chromiumRun the fetch tool from depot_tools to check out the code and its
dependencies.
$ fetch chromiumIf you don't want the full repo history, you can save a lot of time by
adding the --no-history flag to fetch.
Expect the command to take 30 minutes on even a fast connection, and many hours on slower ones.
When fetch completes, it will have created a hidden .gclient file and a
directory called src in the working directory. The remaining instructions
assume you have switched to the src directory:
$ cd srcOptional: You can also install API keys if you want your build to talk to some Google services, but this is not necessary for most development and testing purposes.
Chromium uses Ninja as its main build tool along with
a tool called GN
to generate .ninja files. You can create any number of build directories
with different configurations. To create a build directory:
$ gn gen out/Default- You only have to run this once for each new build directory, Ninja will update the build files as needed.
- You can replace
Defaultwith another name, but it should be a subdirectory ofout. - For other build arguments, including release settings or using an alternate version of Visual Studio, see GN build configuration. The default will be a debug component build matching the current host operating system and CPU.
- For more info on GN, run
gn helpon the command line or read the quick start guide.
- Reduce file system overhead by excluding build directories from antivirus and indexing software.
- Store the build tree on a fast disk (preferably SSD).
- The more cores the better (20+ is not excessive) and lots of RAM is needed (64 GB is not excessive).
There are some gn flags that can improve build speeds. You can specify these
in the editor that appears when you create your output directory
(gn args out/Default) or on the gn gen command line
(gn gen out/Default --args="is_component_build = true is_debug = true").
Some helpful settings to consider using include:
is_component_build = true- this uses more, smaller DLLs, and incremental linking.enable_nacl = false- this disables Native Client which is usually not needed for local builds.target_cpu = "x86"- x86 builds are slightly faster than x64 builds and support incremental linking for more targets. Note that if you set this but don't' set enable_nacl = false then build times may get worse.blink_symbol_level = 0- turn off source-level debugging for blink to reduce build times, appropriate if you don't plan to debug blink.v8_symbol_level = 0- turn off source-level debugging for v8 to reduce build times, appropriate if you don't plan to debug v8.
In order to speed up linking you can set symbol_level = 1 or
symbol_level = 0 - these options reduce the work the compiler and linker have
to do. With symbol_level = 1 the compiler emits file name and line number
information so you can still do source-level debugging but there will be no
local variable or type information. With symbol_level = 0 there is no
source-level debugging but call stacks still have function names. Changing
symbol_level requires recompiling everything.
In addition, Google employees should use goma, a distributed compilation system. Detailed information is available internally but the relevant gn arg is:
use_goma = true
To get any benefit from goma it is important to pass a large -j value to ninja. A good default is 10*numCores to 20*numCores. If you run autoninja then it will automatically pass an appropriate -j value to ninja for goma or not.
$ autoninja -C out\Default chromeWhen invoking ninja specify 'chrome' as the target to avoid building all test binaries as well.
Still, builds will take many hours on many machines.
You might be able to use sccache for the build process by enabling the following arguments:
cc_wrapper = "sccache"- assuming thesccachebinary is in your%PATH%chrome_pgo_phase = 0
Many things can make builds slow, with Windows Defender slowing process startups
being a frequent culprit. Have you ensured that the entire Chromium src
directory is excluded from antivirus scanning (on Google machines this means
putting it in a src directory in the root of a drive)? Have you tried the
different settings listed above, including different link settings and -j
values? Have you asked on the chromium-dev mailing list to see if your build is
slower than expected for your machine's specifications?
The next step is to gather some data. If you set the NINJA_SUMMARIZE_BUILD
environment variable to 1 then autoninja will do three things. First, it
will set the NINJA_STATUS
environment variable so that ninja will print additional information while
building Chrome. It will show how many build processes are running at any given
time, how many build steps have completed, how many build steps have completed
per second, and how long the build has been running, as shown here:
$ set NINJA_SUMMARIZE_BUILD=1
$ autoninja -C out\Default base
ninja: Entering directory `out\Default'
[1 processes, 86/86 @ 2.7/s : 31.785s ] LINK(DLL) base.dll base.dll.lib base.dll.pdbThis makes slow process creation immediately obvious and lets you tell quickly if a build is running more slowly than normal.
In addition, setting NINJA_SUMMARIZE_BUILD=1 tells autoninja to print a
build performance summary when the build completes, showing the slowest build
steps and slowest build-step types, as shown here:
$ set NINJA_SUMMARIZE_BUILD=1
$ autoninja -C out\Default base
Longest build steps:
0.1 weighted s to build obj/base/base/trace_log.obj (6.7 s elapsed time)
0.2 weighted s to build nasm.exe, nasm.exe.pdb (0.2 s elapsed time)
0.3 weighted s to build obj/base/base/win_util.obj (12.4 s elapsed time)
1.2 weighted s to build base.dll, base.dll.lib (1.2 s elapsed time)
Time by build-step type:
0.0 s weighted time to generate 6 .lib files (0.3 s elapsed time sum)
0.1 s weighted time to generate 25 .stamp files (1.2 s elapsed time sum)
0.2 s weighted time to generate 20 .o files (2.8 s elapsed time sum)
1.7 s weighted time to generate 4 PEFile (linking) files (2.0 s elapsed
time sum)
23.9 s weighted time to generate 770 .obj files (974.8 s elapsed time sum)
26.1 s weighted time (982.9 s elapsed time sum, 37.7x parallelism)
839 build steps completed, average of 32.17/sThe "weighted" time is the elapsed time of each build step divided by the number of tasks that were running in parallel. This makes it an excellent approximation of how "important" a slow step was. A link that is entirely or mostly serialized will have a weighted time that is the same or similar to its elapsed time. A compile that runs in parallel with 999 other compiles will have a weighted time that is tiny.
You can also generate these reports by manually running the script after a build:
$ python depot_tools\post_build_ninja_summary.py -C out\DefaultFinally, setting NINJA_SUMMARIZE_BUILD=1 tells autoninja to tell Ninja to
report on its own overhead by passing "-d stats". This can be helpful if, for
instance, process creation (which shows up in the StartEdge metric) is making
builds slow, perhaps due to antivirus interference due to clang-cl not being in
an excluded directory:
$ set NINJA_SUMMARIZE_BUILD=1
$ autoninja -C out\Default base
"c:\src\depot_tools\ninja.exe" -C out\Default base -j 10 -d stats
metric count avg (us) total (ms)
.ninja parse 3555 1539.4 5472.6
canonicalize str 1383032 0.0 12.7
canonicalize path 1402349 0.0 11.2
lookup node 1398245 0.0 8.1
.ninja_log load 2 118.0 0.2
.ninja_deps load 2 67.5 0.1
node stat 2516 29.6 74.4
depfile load 2 1132.0 2.3
StartEdge 88 3508.1 308.7
FinishCommand 87 1670.9 145.4
CLParser::Parse 45 1889.1 85.0You can also get a visual report of the build performance with ninjatracing. This converts the .ninja_log file into a .json file which can be loaded into chrome://tracing:
$ python ninjatracing out\Default\.ninja_log >build.jsonBuild Chromium (the "chrome" target) with Ninja using the command:
$ autoninja -C out\Default chromeautoninja is a wrapper that automatically provides optimal values for the
arguments passed to ninja.
You can get a list of all of the other build targets from GN by running
gn ls out/Default from the command line. To compile one, pass to Ninja
the GN label with no preceding "//" (so for //chrome/test:unit_tests
use ninja -C out/Default chrome/test:unit_tests`).
Once it is built, you can simply run the browser:
$ out\Default\chrome.exe(The ".exe" suffix in the command is actually optional).
You can run the tests in the same way. You can also limit which tests are
run using the --gtest_filter arg, e.g.:
$ out\Default\unit_tests.exe --gtest_filter="PushClientTest.*"You can find out more about GoogleTest at its GitHub page.
To update an existing checkout, you can run
$ git rebase-update
$ gclient sync -DThe first command updates the primary Chromium source repository and rebases
any of your local branches on top of tip-of-tree (aka the Git branch
origin/main). If you don't want to use this script, you can also just use
git pull or other common Git commands to update the repo.
The second command syncs the subrepositories to the appropriate versions, deleting those that are no longer needed, and re-runs the hooks as needed.
You can use the Visual Studio IDE to edit and debug Chrome, with or without Intellisense support.
If you want to use Visual Studio Intellisense when developing Chromium, use the
--ide command line argument to gn gen when you generate your output
directory (as described on the get the code
page):
$ gn gen --ide=vs out\Default
$ devenv out\Default\all.slnGN will produce a file all.sln in your build directory. It will internally
use Ninja to compile while still allowing most IDE functions to work (there is
no native Visual Studio compilation mode). If you manually run "gen" again you
will need to resupply this argument, but normally GN will keep the build and
IDE files up to date automatically when you build.
The generated solution will contain several thousand projects and will be very
slow to load. Use the --filters argument to restrict generating project files
for only the code you're interested in. Although this will also limit what
files appear in the project explorer, debugging will still work and you can
set breakpoints in files that you open manually. A minimal solution that will
let you compile and run Chrome in the IDE but will not show any source files
is:
$ gn gen --ide=vs --filters=//chrome --no-deps out\Default
You can selectively add other directories you care about to the filter like so:
--filters=//chrome;//third_party/WebKit/*;//gpu/*.
There are other options for controlling how the solution is generated, run gn help gen for the current documentation.
It is also possible to debug and develop Chrome in Visual Studio without the
overhead of a multi-project solution file. Simply "open" your chrome.exe binary
with File->Open->Project/Solution, or from a Visual Studio command prompt like
so: devenv /debugexe out\Debug\chrome.exe <your arguments>. Many of Visual
Studio's code exploration features will not work in this configuration, but by
installing the VsChromium Visual Studio Extension
you can get the source code to appear in the solution explorer window along
with other useful features such as code search. You can add multiple executables
of interest (base_unittests.exe, browser_tests.exe) to your solution with
File->Add->Existing Project... and change which one will be debugged by
right-clicking on them in Solution Explorer and selecting Set as Startup Project. You can also change their properties, including command line
arguments, by right-clicking on them in Solution Explorer and selecting
Properties.
By default when you start debugging in Visual Studio the debugger will only attach to the main browser process. To debug all of Chrome, install Microsoft's Child Process Debugging Power Tool. You will also need to run Visual Studio as administrator, or it will silently fail to attach to some of Chrome's child processes.