PostDocKVA2.bib

@article{Brock2007a,
abstract = {We consider panacea formation in the framework of adaptive learning and decision for social-ecological systems (SESs). Institutions for managing such systems must address multiple timescales of ecological change, as well as features of the social community in which the ecosystem policy problem is embedded. Response of the SES to each candidate institution must be modeled and treated as a stochastic process with unknown parameters to be estimated. A fundamental challenge is to design institutions that are not vulnerable to capture by subsets of the community that self-organize to direct the institution against the overall social interest. In a world of episodic structural change, such as SESs, adaptive learning can lock in to a single institution, model, or parameter estimate. Policy diversification, leading to escape from panacea traps, can come from monitoring indicators of episodic change on slow timescales, minimax regret decision making, active experimentation to accelerate model identification, mechanisms for broadening the set of models or institutions under consideration, and processes for discovery of new institutions and technologies for ecosystem management. It is difficult to take all of these factors into account, but the discipline that comes with the attempt to model the coupled social-ecological dynamics forces policy makers to confront all conceivable responses. This process helps induce the modesty needed to avoid panacea traps while supporting systematic effort to improve resource management in the public interest.},
author = {Brock, William a and Carpenter, Stephen R},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0702096104},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Brock, Carpenter - 2007 - Panaceas and diversification of environmental policy.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424 (Print)$\backslash$n0027-8424 (Linking)},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {39},
pages = {15206--15211},
pmid = {17881581},
title = {{Panaceas and diversification of environmental policy.}},
volume = {104},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Sidle2013a,
abstract = {Although the concept of ecosystem sustainability has a long-term focus, it is often viewed from a static system perspective. Because most ecosystems are dynamic, we explore sustainability assessments from three additional perspectives: resilient systems; systems where tipping points occur; and systems subject to episodic resetting. Whereas foundations of ecosystem resilience originated in ecology, recent discussions have focused on geophysical attributes, and it is recognized that dynamic system components may not return to their former state following perturbations. Tipping points emerge when chronic changes (typically anthropogenic, but sometimes natural) push ecosystems to thresholds that cause collapse of process and function and may become permanent. Ecosystem resetting occurs when episodic natural disasters breach thresholds with little or no warning, resulting in long-term changes to environmental attributes or ecosystem function. An example of sustainability assessment of ecosystem goods and services along the Gulf Coast (USA) demonstrates the need to include both the resilient and dynamic nature of biogeomorphic components. Mountain road development in northwest Yunnan, China, makes rivers and related habitat vulnerable to tipping points. Ecosystems reset by natural disasters are also presented, emphasizing the need to understand the magnitude frequency and interrelationships among major disturbances, as shown by (i) the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and resulting tsunami, including how unsustainable urban development exacerbates geodisaster propagation, and (ii) repeated major earthquakes and associated geomorphic and vegetation disturbances in Papua New Guinea. Although all of these ecosystem perturbations and shifts are individually recognized, they are not embraced in contemporary sustainable decision making.},
author = {Sidle, Roy C and Benson, William H and Carriger, John F and Kamai, Toshitaka},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1302328110},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Sidle et al. - 2013 - Broader perspective on ecosystem sustainability consequences for decision making.pdf:pdf;:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Sidle et al. - 2013 - Broader perspective on ecosystem sustainability consequences for decision making(2).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1091-6490 (Electronic)$\backslash$n0027-8424 (Linking)},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Biological,China,Conservation of Natural Resources,Conservation of Natural Resources: methods,Decision Support Techniques,Ecosystem,Environment,Landslides,Louisiana,Models,Papua New Guinea,Wetlands},
month = jun,
number = {23},
pages = {9201--8},
pmid = {23686583},
title = {{Broader perspective on ecosystem sustainability: consequences for decision making.}},
url = {http://apps.webofknowledge.com.ezproxy.library.uq.edu.au/full\_record.do?product=WOS\&search\_mode=CitingArticles\&qid=33\&SID=S2KKdJSJiwwwcI5oaDS\&page=1\&doc=2\&cacheurlFromRightClick=no http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3677449\&tool=pmc},
volume = {110},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Alkemade2012,
abstract = {Biodiversity in rangelands is decreasing, due to intense utilization for livestock production and conversion of rangeland into cropland; yet the outlook of rangeland biodiversity has not been considered in view of future global demand for food. Here we assess the impact of future livestock production on the global rangelands area and their biodiversity. First we formalized existing knowledge about livestock grazing impacts on biodiversity, expressed in mean species abundance (MSA) of the original rangeland native species assemblages, through metaanalysis of peer-reviewed literature. MSA values, ranging from 1 in natural rangelands to 0.3 in man-made grasslands, were entered in the IMAGE-GLOBIO model. This model was used to assess the impact of change in food demand and livestock production on future rangeland biodiversity. The model revealed remarkable regional variation in impact on rangeland area and MSA between two agricultural production scenarios. The area of used rangelands slightly increases globally between 2000 and 2050 in the baseline scenario and reduces under a scenario of enhanced uptake of resource-efficient production technologies increasing production [high levels of agricultural knowledge, science, and technology (high-AKST)], particularly in Africa. Both scenarios suggest a global decrease in MSA for rangelands until 2050. The contribution of livestock grazing to MSA loss is, however, expected to diminish after 2030, in particular in Africa under the high-AKST scenario. Policies fostering agricultural intensification can reduce the overall pressure on rangeland biodiversity, but additional measures, addressing factors such as climate change and infrastructural development, are necessary to totally halt biodiversity loss.},
author = {Alkemade, R. and Reid, R. S. and van den Berg, M. and de Leeuw, J. and Jeuken, M.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1011013108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Alkemade et al. - 2012 - Assessing the impacts of livestock production on biodiversity in rangeland ecosystems.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1091-6490 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0027-8424 (Linking)},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {52},
pages = {20900--20905},
pmid = {22308313},
title = {{Assessing the impacts of livestock production on biodiversity in rangeland ecosystems}},
volume = {110},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Anderies2007,
abstract = {A critical challenge faced by sustainability science is to develop strategies to cope with highly uncertain social and ecological dynamics. This article explores the use of the robust control framework toward this end. After briefly outlining the robust control framework, we apply it to the traditional Gordon-Schaefer fishery model to explore fundamental performance-robustness and robustness-vulnerability trade-offs in natural resource management. We find that the classic optimal control policy can be very sensitive to parametric uncertainty. By exploring a large class of alternative strategies, we show that there are no panaceas: even mild robustness properties are difficult to achieve, and increasing robustness to some parameters (e.g., biological parameters) results in decreased robustness with respect to others (e.g., economic parameters). On the basis of this example, we extract some broader themes for better management of resources under uncertainty and for sustainability science in general. Specifically, we focus attention on the importance of a continual learning process and the use of robust control to inform this process.},
author = {Anderies, John M and Rodriguez, Armando a and Janssen, Marco a and Cifdaloz, Oguzhan},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0702655104},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Anderies et al. - 2007 - Panaceas, uncertainty, and the robust control framework in sustainability science.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0702655104},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {39},
pages = {15194--15199},
pmid = {17881574},
title = {{Panaceas, uncertainty, and the robust control framework in sustainability science.}},
volume = {104},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Zhang2002a,
author = {Zhang, Jie and Lee, Ronald},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Zhang, Lee - 2002 - Rising longevity , education , savings , and growth.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {2120,2232 pied-,510,642-4535,643-8558,berkeley,california 94720-2120,correspondence,department of demography,education,email,fax,growth,h52,j14,jel classi fi cations,longevity,mont avenue,o15,o41,phone,ronald lee,savings,university of california,usa},
number = {510},
title = {{Rising longevity , education , savings , and growth}},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Nations2005,
author = {Nations, United},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Nations - 2005 - United nations expert group meeting on social and economic implications of changing population age structures.pdf:pdf},
journal = {New York},
number = {September},
title = {{United nations expert group meeting on social and economic implications of changing population age structures}},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Mason2006,
abstract = {In all societies intergenerational transfers are large and have an important influence on inequality and growth. The development of each generation of youth depends on the resources that it receives from productive members of society for health, education, and sustenance. The well-being of the elderly depends on familial support and a variety of social programs. The National Transfer Accounts (NTA) system provides a comprehensive approach to measuring all reallocations of income across age and time at the aggregate level. It encompasses reallocations achieved through capital accumulation and transfers, distinguishing those mediated by public institutions from those relying on private institutions. This paper introduces the methodology and presents preliminary results emphasizing economic support systems in Taiwan and the United States. As the two economies differ in their demographic configuration, their level of development, and their old-age support systems, comparing them will shed light on the economic implications of population aging under alternative institutional arrangements.},
author = {Mason, Andrew and Lee, Ronald and Tung, An-Chi and Lai, Mun-Sim and Miller, Tim},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Mason et al. - 2006 - Population aging and intergenerational transfers introducing age into national accounts.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {12770},
keywords = {NTA,National Transfer Accounts,Taiwan,USA,aging,intergenerational transfers,population},
number = {January 2005},
pages = {52},
title = {{Population aging and intergenerational transfers: introducing age into national accounts}},
url = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w12770.pdf?new\_window=1},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Diaz2011a,
abstract = {The crucial role of biodiversity in the links between ecosystems and societies has been repeatedly highlighted both as source of wellbeing and as a target of human actions, but not all aspects of biodiversity are equally important to different ecosystem services. Similarly, different social actors have different perceptions of and access to ecosystem services, and therefore, they have different wants and capacities to select directly or indirectly for particular biodiversity and ecosystem characteristics. Their choices feed back onto the ecosystem services provided to all parties involved and in turn, affect future decisions. Despite this recognition, the research communities addressing biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human outcomes have yet to develop frameworks that adequately treat the multiple dimensions and interactions in the relationship. Here, we present an interdisciplinary framework for the analysis of relationships between functional diversity, ecosystem services, and human actions that is applicable to specific social environmental systems at local scales. We connect the mechanistic understanding of the ecological role of diversity with its social relevance: ecosystem services. The framework permits connections between functional diversity components and priorities of social actors using land use decisions and ecosystem services as the main links between these ecological and social components. We propose a matrix-based method that provides a transparent and flexible platform for quantifying and integrating social and ecological information and negotiating potentially conflicting land uses among multiple social actors. We illustrate the applicability of our framework by way of land use examples from temperate to subtropical South America, an area of rapid social and ecological change.},
author = {D\'{\i}az, Sandra and Qu\'{e}tier, Fabien and C\'{a}ceres, Daniel M and Trainor, Sarah F and P\'{e}rez-Harguindeguy, Natalia and Bret-Harte, M Syndonia and Finegan, Bryan and Pe\~{n}a-Claros, Marielos and Poorter, Lourens},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1017993108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/D\'{\i}az et al. - 2011 - Linking functional diversity and social actor strategies in a framework for interdisciplinary analysis of nature's.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1091-6490 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0027-8424 (Linking)},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {3},
pages = {895--902},
pmid = {21220325},
title = {{Linking functional diversity and social actor strategies in a framework for interdisciplinary analysis of nature's benefits to society.}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Romero2011,
abstract = {D\'{\i}az et al. (1) proposed an interdisciplinary framework for the analysis of relationships between functional diversity, ecosystem services, and human actions. Their framework addresses the linkages between land uses and ecosystem service (ES) provision to inform decisions by relevant parties. We welcome the development and practical application of tools for analyzing the complexity of social-ecological systems (SESs), but there are fundamental gaps in the oversimplified framework of D\'{\i}az et al. (1). These flaws obscure critical aspects of the functioning of SESs, preclude their improved understanding, and thereby undermine the goal of fruitful scientific analysis.},
author = {Romero, Claudia and Agrawal, Arun},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1104320108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Romero, Agrawal - 2011 - Building interdisciplinary frameworks The importance of institutions, scale, and politics.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {23},
pages = {E196; author reply E197},
pmid = {21610161},
title = {{Building interdisciplinary frameworks: The importance of institutions, scale, and politics.}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Koh2011a,
abstract = {Rising global demands for food and biofuels are driving forest clearance in the tropics. Oil-palm expansion contributes to biodiversity declines and carbon emissions in Southeast Asia. However, the magnitudes of these impacts remain largely unquantified until now. We produce a 250-m spatial resolution map of closed canopy oil-palm plantations in the lowlands of Peninsular Malaysia (2 million ha), Borneo (2.4 million ha), and Sumatra (3.9 million ha). We demonstrate that 6\% (or ≈880,000 ha) of tropical peatlands in the region had been converted to oil-palm plantations by the early 2000s. Conversion of peatswamp forests to oil palm led to biodiversity declines of 1\% in Borneo (equivalent to four species of forest-dwelling birds), 3.4\% in Sumatra (16 species), and 12.1\% in Peninsular Malaysia (46 species). This land-use change also contributed to the loss of ≈140 million Mg of aboveground biomass carbon, and annual emissions of ≈4.6 million Mg of belowground carbon from peat oxidation. Additionally, the loss of peatswamp forests implies the loss of carbon sequestration service through peat accumulation, which amounts to ≈660,000 Mg of carbon annually. By 2010, 2.3 million ha of peatswamp forests were clear-felled, and currently occur as degraded lands. Reforestation of these clearings could enhance biodiversity by up to ≈20\%, whereas oil-palm establishment would exacerbate species losses by up to ≈12\%. To safeguard the region's biodiversity and carbon stocks, conservation and reforestation efforts should target Central Kalimantan, Riau, and West Kalimantan, which retain three-quarters (3.9 million ha) of the remaining peatswamp forests in Southeast Asia.},
author = {Koh, Lian Pin and Miettinen, Jukka and Liew, Soo Chin and Ghazoul, Jaboury},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1018776108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Koh et al. - 2011 - Remotely sensed evidence of tropical peatland conversion to oil palm.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {10.1073/pnas.1018776108},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {12},
pages = {5127--5132},
pmid = {21383161},
title = {{Remotely sensed evidence of tropical peatland conversion to oil palm.}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Vermeulen2011,
author = {Vermeulen, Sonja J and Wollenberg, Eva K},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1019018108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Vermeulen, Wollenberg - 2011 - Benefits of tropical crops for food security.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {9},
pages = {E30; author reply E31},
pmid = {21321239},
title = {{Benefits of tropical crops for food security.}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{West2011,
author = {West, Paul C. and Gibbs, Holly K. and Monfreda, Chad and Wagner, John and Barford, Carol and Carpenter, Stephen R. and Foley, Jonathan},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1019348108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/West et al. - 2011 - Reply to Vermeulen and Wollenberg Distinguishing food security and crop yields.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {9},
pages = {E31},
title = {{Reply to Vermeulen and Wollenberg: Distinguishing food security and crop yields}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Gibbs2010,
abstract = {Global demand for agricultural products such as food, feed, and fuel is now a major driver of cropland and pasture expansion across much of the developing world. Whether these new agricultural lands replace forests, degraded forests, or grasslands greatly influences the environmental consequences of expansion. Although the general pattern is known, there still is no definitive quantification of these land-cover changes. Here we analyze the rich, pan-tropical database of classified Landsat scenes created by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations to examine pathways of agricultural expansion across the major tropical forest regions in the 1980s and 1990s and use this information to highlight the future land conversions that probably will be needed to meet mounting demand for agricultural products. Across the tropics, we find that between 1980 and 2000 more than 55\% of new agricultural land came at the expense of intact forests, and another 28\% came from disturbed forests. This study underscores the potential consequences of unabated agricultural expansion for forest conservation and carbon emissions.},
author = {Gibbs, H K and Ruesch, a S and Achard, F and Clayton, M K and Holmgren, P and Ramankutty, N and Foley, J a},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0910275107},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Gibbs et al. - 2010 - Tropical forests were the primary sources of new agricultural land in the 1980s and 1990s.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {38},
pages = {16732--16737},
pmid = {20807750},
title = {{Tropical forests were the primary sources of new agricultural land in the 1980s and 1990s.}},
volume = {107},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Costanza2014,
author = {Costanza, Robert and Kubiszewski, I and Giovannini, E and Lovins, H and McGlade, J and Pickett, K E and Ragnarsdottir, K V and Roberts, D and {De Vogli}, R and Wilkinson, R},
file = {:G$\backslash$:/Documents/Mendeley/Library/Costanza et al. - 2014 - Nature - Time to leave GDP behind.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Nature},
pages = {283--285},
title = {{Time to leave GDP behind}},
volume = {505},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Busch2007,
abstract = {Single-sample methods of bottleneck detection are now routine analyses in studies of wild populations and conservation genetics. Three common approaches to bottleneck detection are the heterozygosity excess, mode-shift, and M-ratio tests. Empirical groundtruthing of these methods is difficult, but their performances are critical for the accurate reconstruction of population demography. We use two banner-tailed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys spectabilis) populations from southeastern Arizona (USA) that are known to have experienced recent demographic reductions to search for genetic bottleneck signals with eight microsatellite loci. Over eight total sample-years, neither population showed a genetic bottleneck signature. M-ratios in both populations were large, stable, and never fell below a critical significance value (Mc). The mode shift test did not detect any distortion of allele frequencies, and tests of heterozygosity excess were not significant in postbottleneck samples when we used standard microsatellite mutation models. The genetic effects of bottlenecks like those experienced by our study populations should be strongly influenced by rates of mutation and migration. We used genetic parentage data to estimate a relatively high mutation rate in D. spectabilis (0.0081 mutants/generation/locus), but mutation alone is unlikely to explain the temporal distribution of rare alleles that we observed. Migration (gene flow) is a more likely explanation, despite prior mark-recapture analysis that estimated very low rates of interpopulation dispersal. We interpret our kangaroo rat data in light of the broader literature and conclude that in natural populations connected by dispersal, demographic bottlenecks may prove difficult to detect using molecular genetic data.},
author = {Busch, Joseph D and Waser, Peter M and Dewoody, J Andrew},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03283.x},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Busch, Waser, Dewoody - 2007 - Recent demographic bottlenecks are not accompanied by a genetic signature in banner-tailed kangaroo ra(3).pdf:pdf},
issn = {0962-1083},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
keywords = {Animals,Arizona,Conservation of Natural Resources,Conservation of Natural Resources: methods,Dipodomys,Dipodomys: genetics,Founder Effect,Gene Flow,Gene Flow: genetics,Gene Frequency,Genetics, Population,Mutation,Mutation: genetics,Population Dynamics},
month = jun,
number = {12},
pages = {2450--62},
pmid = {17561905},
title = {{Recent demographic bottlenecks are not accompanied by a genetic signature in banner-tailed kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis).}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17561905},
volume = {16},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Burger2012,
abstract = {Global consumption rates of vital resources suggest that we have surpassed the capacity of the Earth to sustain current levels, much less future trajectories of growth in human population and economy.},
author = {Burger, Joseph R. and Allen, Craig D. and Brown, James H. and Burnside, William R. and Davidson, Ana D. and Fristoe, Trevor S. and Hamilton, Marcus J. and Mercado-Silva, Norman and Nekola, Jeffrey C. and Okie, Jordan G. and Zuo, Wenyun},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.1001345},
editor = {Mace, Georgina M.},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Burger et al. - 2012 - The Macroecology of Sustainability(3).pdf:pdf},
issn = {1545-7885},
journal = {PLoS Biology},
keywords = {Anthropology,Biology,Biophysics,Earth sciences,Ecology,Energy and power,Environmental sciences,Essay,Macroecology,Physics,Science Policy,Science policy and economics,Social and behavioral sciences,Sustainability},
mendeley-tags = {Macroecology,Sustainability},
month = jun,
number = {6},
pages = {e1001345},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
title = {{The Macroecology of Sustainability}},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001345},
volume = {10},
year = {2012}
}
@misc{MillenniumEcosystemAssessment2005,
address = {Washington, DC.},
author = {{Millennium Ecosystem Assessment}},
title = {{Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis.}},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Brunborg2005,
abstract = {The demography of armed conflict is an emerging field among demographers and peace researchers alike. The articles in this special issue treat demography as both a cause and a consequence of armed conflict, and they carry important policy implications. A study of German-allied countries during World War II addresses the role of refugees and territorial loss in paving the way for genocide. Other articles focusing on the demographic causes of conflict discuss highly contentious issues of whether economic and social inequality, high population pressure on natural resources, and youth bulges and limited migration opportunities can lead to different forms of armed conflict and state failure. The articles on demographic responses to armed conflict analyze the destructiveness of pre-industrial warfare, differences in short- and long-term mortality trends after armed conflict, and migratory responses in war. Another set of articles on demographic responses to war is published simultaneously in the European Journal of Population.},
annote = {Times Cited: 7},
author = {Brunborg, H and Urdal, H},
doi = {10.1177/0022343305054084},
isbn = {0022-3433},
journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
number = {4},
pages = {371--374},
title = {{The demography of conflict and violence: An introduction}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000230783400002},
volume = {42},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Nie2003,
abstract = {Why are some natural resource-based political conflicts so controversial, acrimonious and intractable? What factors drive these conflicts? And what turns the common political conflict into the high-level, symbolic, and sustained political conflict? This paper conceptualizes the 'drivers' of natural resource-based political conflict in the United States. It examines the dominant themes, patterns and underlying logic of these conflicts. The very nature and context of these cases sometimes promise intractability, but they are also often 'wicked by design' in that political actors, institutions and policy processes often compound them. The following drivers of conflict are discussed: scarcity, the policy surrogate, the sacred and spiritual and importance of place, policy design ( historical and budgetary), policy frames, scientific disagreement and uncertainty, electoral politics and the use of wedge issues, political and interest group strategy, media framing, adversarial governance, Constitutional, statutory and administrative language, and distrust. The paper finishes by placing natural resource-based conflict in political perspective.},
annote = {Times Cited: 15},
author = {Nie, M},
isbn = {0032-2687},
journal = {Policy Sciences},
number = {3-4},
pages = {307--341},
title = {{Drivers of natural resource-based political conflict}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000189235700005},
volume = {36},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Pearson2012,
abstract = {The recent article by Butzer (1) illustrated, through historical analysis, that resilience is not enough: many societies have collapsed irrespective of their resilience capacity. We argue that it might be because of their pre- occupation with resilience. What they needed, and what Butzer also writes, is transformability: “...after overcoming initial, ideological dissonance, people can indeed come together to support change” (1). This is truly a message for our times as governments struggle with transforming to low-carbon societies. So, how might we frame future studies that Butzer advocates? Butzer avoids the resilience-vs.-transformation issue by recom- mending research into information diffusion and socioeconomic integration across class and spatial scales. Although we agree that these specific domains, and panarchy, are important, we suggest that thought needs to continue to be given to a concep- tual frame, and in particular to the relationship between “resil- ience” and “transformability.” It is no longer helpful to think of transformability as simply an overshoot of resilience that causes the rolling ball to fall outside the bounds of an existing socio- ecological system (2).},
author = {Pearson, L. J. and Pearson, C. J.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1207552109},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Pearson, Pearson - 2012 - Societal collapse or transformation, and resilience.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {30},
pages = {E2030--E2031},
pmid = {22730464},
title = {{Societal collapse or transformation, and resilience}},
volume = {109},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Paoli2011,
abstract = {GHG flux estimations: Koh et al. overestimated emissions from aboveground biomass (AGB) conversion to OP (136 million MgC) by assuming that all plantations replaced primary forest.  Conversely, Koh et al. underestimated belowground C emissions. Potential emissions from burning for land clearing (100 ± 50 MgC ha−1) were excluded from their analysis. Additionally, their C flux estimate from peatland oxidation (5.2 MgC ha−1y−1; based on two studies from Sarawak) is three- to fourfold lower than measurements collected across Southeast Asia at typical plantation water depths (14.9–23.6 MgC ha−1y−1) (3, 4). We estimate belowground C flux (annualized burning, oxidation, and foregone sequestration) as 15.3–26.9 million MgC ha−1y−1, ≈300–400\% higher than the mean flux reported by the authors.  use of radar to map OP advances RS methods for regional land-cover inventories. However, this method is inadequate for monitoring “future land-use change driven by oil-palm” to “facilitate\ldots sustainable development.” In Indonesia, the ≈4.97 million ha of mature plantations mapped by Koh et al. in 2010 missed ≈2.7 million ha of OP evidently too young (<8 y) or in patches too small (<200 ha) to be detected with their methods. RS-based OP monitoring must identify OP expansion in real-time and at spatial resolution commensurate with OP development patterns [e.g., Landsat, Satellite Pour l'observation de la Terre (SPOT)]. Response from Koh et al: Because of persistent cloud cover in Southeast Asia, it is impossible to perform real-time oil-palm monitoring using high-resolution satellite imagery, as suggested by Paoli et al. At least 1–3 y of optical high-resolution data need to be collected for any regional assessment with reasonable data coverage. Even the most sophisticated cloud-penetrating radar-based methodologies would have to be used in combination with auxiliary datasets to delineate young oil-palm plantations.  Finally, the authors markedly overstated potential for rehabilitating ≈2.3 million ha of “clear-felled peatlands.” First, most “cleared” areas may already be planted with OP. ...Additionally, rehabilitating deforested tropical peatlands is far more difficult and costly than appreciated (5). },
author = {Paoli, Gary D and Carlson, Kimberly M and Hooijer, Aljosja and Page, Susan E and Curran, Lisa M and Wells, Philip L and Morrison, Ross and Jauhiainen, Jyrki and Pittman, Alice M and Gilbert, David and Lawrence, Deborah},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1105075108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Paoli et al. - 2011 - Policy perils of ignoring uncertainty in oil palm research.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {25},
pages = {E218; author reply E219},
pmid = {21628587},
title = {{Policy perils of ignoring uncertainty in oil palm research.}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Cespedes2014,
author = {C\'{e}spedes, Luis Felipe and Parrado, Eric and Velasco, Andr\'{e}s},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-resource-100913-012856},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/C\'{e}spedes, Parrado, Velasco - 2014 - Fiscal Rules and the Management of Natural Resource Revenues The Case of Chile.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1941-1340},
journal = {Annual Review of Resource Economics},
keywords = {dutch disease,fiscal rules,management of natural resources,sovereign wealth funds},
month = nov,
number = {1},
pages = {105--132},
title = {{Fiscal Rules and the Management of Natural Resource Revenues: The Case of Chile}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-resource-100913-012856},
volume = {6},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Wiedmann2013,
abstract = {Metrics on resource productivity currently used by governments suggest that some developed countries have increased the use of natural resources at a slower rate than economic growth (relative decoupling) or have even managed to use fewer resources over time (absolute decoupling). Using the material footprint (MF), a consumption-based indicator of resource use, we find the contrary: Achievements in decoupling in advanced economies are smaller than reported or even nonexistent. We present a time series analysis of the MF of 186 countries and identify material flows associated with global production and consumption networks in unprecedented specificity. By calculating raw material equivalents of international trade, we demonstrate that countries' use of nondomestic resources is, on average, about threefold larger than the physical quantity of traded goods. As wealth grows, countries tend to reduce their domestic portion of materials extraction through international trade, whereas the overall mass of material consumption generally increases. With every 10\% increase in gross domestic product, the average national MF increases by 6\%. Our findings call into question the sole use of current resource productivity indicators in policy making and suggest the necessity of an additional focus on consumption-based accounting for natural resource use.},
author = {Wiedmann, Thomas O and Schandl, Heinz and Lenzen, Manfred and Moran, Daniel and Suh, Sangwon and West, James and Kanemoto, Keiichiro},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1220362110},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Wiedmann et al. - 2013 - The material footprint of nations(3).pdf:pdf},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
month = sep,
pmid = {24003158},
title = {{The material footprint of nations}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24003158},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Gattinger2012,
author = {Gattinger, a. and Muller, a. and Haeni, M. and Skinner, C. and Fliessbach, a. and Buchmann, N. and Mader, P. and Stolze, M. and Smith, P. and Scialabba, N. E.-H. and Niggli, U.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1209429109},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Gattinger et al. - 2012 - Enhanced top soil carbon stocks under organic farming.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1091-6490 (Electronic)$\backslash$n0027-8424 (Linking)},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {44},
pages = {18226--18231},
pmid = {23071312},
title = {{Enhanced top soil carbon stocks under organic farming}},
volume = {109},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Keller2011,
author = {Keller, Reuben P and Springborn, Michael},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1102287108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Keller, Springborn - 2011 - Long-term correlations in European socioeconomic conditions create a bias to conclusion that an invasion deb.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1091-6490 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0027-8424 (Linking)},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {25},
pages = {E220; author reply E221},
pmid = {21636782},
title = {{Long-term correlations in European socioeconomic conditions create a bias to conclusion that an invasion debt occurs.}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Koh2011,
abstract = {Paoli et al. ( 1) raise some interesting criticisms of our article ( 2), but we think that they misinterpret important elements of our study, ignore our consideration of model uncertainties, and fail to recognize the wider significance of our work.$\backslash$n$\backslash$nWe presented a framework for quantifying the impacts of oil-palm expansion on biodiversity and carbon stocks. We did so by combining a unique remote-sensing methodology with a unique species-area model and recently published carbon flux estimates. We also explicitly accounted for and presented uncertainties in all model projections. We estimated that the conversion of peatswamp forests to large-scale, closed canopy oil-palm plantations within our study region ...},
author = {Koh, L. P. and Miettinen, J. and Liew, S. C. and Ghazoul, J.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1106283108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Koh et al. - 2011 - Reply to Paoli et al. Explicit consideration of model uncertainties.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {25},
pages = {E219--E219},
title = {{Reply to Paoli et al.: Explicit consideration of model uncertainties}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{VanderPloeg2012,
author = {van der Ploeg, Frederick and Venables, Anthony J.},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-economics-080511-111003},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/van der Ploeg, Venables - 2012 - Natural Resource Wealth The Challenge of Managing a Windfall.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1941-1383},
journal = {Annual Review of Economics},
keywords = {absorptive capacity,dutch disease,fiscal rules,managing windfalls,public investment,resource curse,volatility},
month = jul,
number = {1},
pages = {315--337},
title = {{Natural Resource Wealth: The Challenge of Managing a Windfall}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-economics-080511-111003},
volume = {4},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Butzer2012,
author = {Butzer, K. W.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1207996109},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Butzer - 2012 - Reply to Pearson and Pearson Reflections on historical vs. contemporary information.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {30},
pages = {E2032--E2032},
title = {{Reply to Pearson and Pearson: Reflections on historical vs. contemporary information}},
volume = {109},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Lin2014,
abstract = {China is the world's largest emitter of anthropogenic air pollutants, and measurable amounts of Chinese pollution are transported via the atmosphere to other countries, including the United States. However, a large fraction of Chinese emissions is due to manufacture of goods for foreign consumption. Here, we analyze the impacts of trade-related Chinese air pollutant emissions on the global atmospheric environment, linking an economic-emission analysis and atmospheric chemical transport modeling. We find that in 2006, 36\% of anthropogenic sulfur dioxide, 27\% of nitrogen oxides, 22\% of carbon monoxide, and 17\% of black carbon emitted in China were associated with production of goods for export. For each of these pollutants, about 21\% of export-related Chinese emissions were attributed to China-to-US export. Atmospheric modeling shows that transport of the export-related Chinese pollution contributed 3-10\% of annual mean surface sulfate concentrations and 0.5-1.5\% of ozone over the western United States in 2006. This Chinese pollution also resulted in one extra day or more of noncompliance with the US ozone standard in 2006 over the Los Angeles area and many regions in the eastern United States. On a daily basis, the export-related Chinese pollution contributed, at a maximum, 12-24\% of sulfate concentrations over the western United States. As the United States outsourced manufacturing to China, sulfate pollution in 2006 increased in the western United States but decreased in the eastern United States, reflecting the competing effect between enhanced transport of Chinese pollution and reduced US emissions. Our findings are relevant to international efforts to reduce transboundary air pollution.},
author = {Lin, Jintai and Pan, Da and Davis, Steven J and Zhang, Qiang and He, Kebin and Wang, Can and Streets, David G and Wuebbles, Donald J and Guan, Dabo},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1312860111},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Lin et al. - 2014 - China's international trade and air pollution in the United States.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1312860111},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Air Pollutants,Air Pollutants: analysis,Air Pollution,Air Pollution: analysis,China,Commerce,Computer Simulation,Geography,Internationality,United States},
number = {5},
pages = {1736--41},
pmid = {24449863},
title = {{China's international trade and air pollution in the United States.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3918792\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {111},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Lopez2014,
author = {L\'{o}pez, Luis Antonio and Cadarso, Maria \'{A}ngeles and Zafrilla, Jorge Enrique and Arce, Guadalupe},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1406948111},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/L\'{o}pez et al. - 2014 - Assessing the implications on air pollution of an alternative control-based criterion.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {26},
pages = {E2630},
pmid = {24927532},
title = {{Assessing the implications on air pollution of an alternative control-based criterion.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24927532},
volume = {111},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Mezey2010,
author = {Mezey, Esther W. and Conrad, Jon M.},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-resource-040709-135122},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Mezey, Conrad - 2010 - Real Options in Resource Economics.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0407091351},
issn = {1941-1340},
journal = {Annual Review of Resource Economics},
keywords = {conservation,natural resources},
month = oct,
number = {1},
pages = {33--52},
title = {{Real Options in Resource Economics}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-resource-040709-135122},
volume = {2},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Leifeld2013,
abstract = {Agricultural management strongly affects soil organic carbon (C), as shown by numerous long-term experiments (1). Practices known to increase soil C include adding organic manures and including grassland in crop rotations. Their effect on C is related to the net primary productivity of the agroeco- system and the fraction of organic matter remaining in the field or returned as residues. According to Gattinger et al. in a recent issue of PNAS (2), organic farming (OF) pro- motes soil C increase relative to conventional farming (CF). They evaluated datasets from 74 studies and found that soils under OF had significantly higher C stocks, concentrations, and rates of C increase than those under CF and attributed these differences to the intrin- sically higher C inputs in OF. In their analy- sis, OF received, on average, much higher external (manure, slurry, compost) C inputs (1.20 Mg C ha−1 y−1)thanCF (0.29 Mg Cha−1 y−1). Higher soil C concentrations in OF have been attributed previously to high and often disproportionate external inputs (3); therefore, the authors also analyzed a subset of data comprising only organic trials with productivity that would support an ex- ternal C input equivalent to a maximum stocking density of 1 European livestock unit (ELU) per hectare. They state that even within this reduced dataset, OF outperforms CF in terms of soil C. Here,},
author = {Leifeld, Jens and Angers, Denis a and Chenu, Claire and Fuhrer, J\"{u}rg and K\"{a}tterer, Thomas and Powlson, David S},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1220724110},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Leifeld et al. - 2013 - Organic farming gives no climate change benefit through soil carbon sequestration.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Carbon,Carbon: analysis,Organic Agriculture,Soil,Soil: chemistry},
number = {11},
pages = {E984},
pmid = {23431207},
title = {{Organic farming gives no climate change benefit through soil carbon sequestration.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3600499\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {110},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Wright2013,
abstract = {In the US Corn Belt, a recent doubling in commodity prices has created incentives for landowners to convert grassland to corn and soybean cropping. Here, we use land cover data from the National Agricultural Statistics Service Cropland Data Layer to assess grassland conversion from 2006 to 2011 in the Western Corn Belt (WCB): five states including North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, and Iowa. Our analysis identifies areas with elevated rates of grass-to-corn/soy conversion (1.0-5.4\% annually). Across the WCB, we found a net decline in grass-dominated land cover totaling nearly 530,000 ha. With respect to agronomic attributes of lands undergoing grassland conversion, corn/soy production is expanding onto marginal lands characterized by high erosion risk and vulnerability to drought. Grassland conversion is also concentrated in close proximity to wetlands, posing a threat to waterfowl breeding in the Prairie Pothole Region. Longer-term land cover trends from North Dakota and Iowa indicate that recent grassland conversion represents a persistent shift in land use rather than short-term variability in crop rotation patterns. Our results show that the WCB is rapidly moving down a pathway of increased corn and soybean cultivation. As a result, the window of opportunity for realizing the benefits of a biofuel industry based on perennial bioenergy crops, rather than corn ethanol and soy biodiesel, may be closing in the WCB.},
author = {Wright, Christopher K and Wimberly, Michael C},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1215404110},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Wright, Wimberly - 2013 - Recent land use change in the Western Corn Belt threatens grasslands and wetlands.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1091-6490 (Electronic)
0027-8424 (Linking)},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Agriculture,Conservation of Natural Resources,Ecosystem,Midwestern United States,Poaceae,Poaceae: growth \& development,Soybeans,Soybeans: growth \& development,Wetlands,Zea mays,Zea mays: growth \& development},
number = {10},
pages = {4134--9},
pmid = {23431143},
title = {{Recent land use change in the Western Corn Belt threatens grasslands and wetlands.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3593829\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {110},
year = {2013}
}
@article{White2009,
abstract = {Although biodiversity-related conflicts are generally embedded into an ecological, economic and social context, reported studies often focus on only one of these aspects. The practical facilitation of such conflicts typically adopts an equally restricted view. The developing field of biodiversity conflict management is thus fragmented and, due to its generally insular case study approach, lacks theoretical underpinning. We propose a conceptual framework that, while it takes a social scientific viewpoint to reflect the inherently social nature of conflict between humans over natural resources, integrates social, economic and ecological factors to improve the understanding and management of biodiversity-related conflicts. The framework distinguishes between (i) factors that characterise the conflict and shape its dynamics and (ii) indicators that may be used to assess the potential for and severity of a conflict and its development over time. Factors serve to identify the main drivers of a conflict and enable comparison of conflicts over the same issue across sites and communities, as the relative impact of particular factors is likely to vary between cases. indicators, in turn, result from the interplay between factors. They are characterised by different degrees of overtness and include attitudinal, behavioural and outcome-related indices. We show how this framework can serve to analyse conflicts, and how it could be developed further as a basis for modelling approaches. Principles of the framework are illustrated through its application to a specific biodiversity conflict in the Scottish uplands. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
annote = {Times Cited: 4},
author = {White, R M and Fischer, A and Marshall, K and Travis, J M J and Webb, T J and di Falco, S and Redpath, S M and van der Wal, R},
doi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2008.03.005},
isbn = {0264-8377},
journal = {Land Use Policy},
number = {2},
pages = {242--253},
title = {{Developing an integrated conceptual framework to understand biodiversity conflicts}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000262217500010},
volume = {26},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Bohle2007,
abstract = {In political ecology, violence is usually associated with conflicts over the control of natural resources. Up to now, political ecology has lacked a sound conceptual approach for analysing how violence that has its origin in political conflict induces environmental and social change. This article examines how the environment serves as an arena for exerting power, by using different forms of violence, affecting both ecosystems and the entitlements of the people who are dependent on natural resources. After a brief description of the role of violence in political ecology research, a conceptual framework for a political ecology of violence is laid out. In this framework, the notion of 'violent environments' introduced by Nancy Peluso and Michael Watts is blended with new approaches in livelihood research in which the political dimension of livelihood processes is emphasized. Case study material from eastern Sri Lanka, an area affected by prolonged violence and protracted conflict, is presented. This illustrates how violent struggles over environmental entitlements and the politicization of resource-based livelihoods created alternative systems of power and control over natural resources and triggered new processes of disentitlement and social vulnerability.},
annote = {Times Cited: 7},
author = {Bohle, H G and Funfgeld, H},
isbn = {0012-155X},
journal = {Development and Change},
number = {4},
pages = {665--687},
title = {{The political ecology of violence in eastern Sri Lanka}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000248910800004},
volume = {38},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Lenzen2012a,
abstract = {We have developed a new series of environmentally extended multi-region input-output (MRIO) tables with applications in carbon, water, and ecological footprinting, and Life-Cycle Assessment, as well as trend and key driver analyses. Such applications have recently been at the forefront of global policy debates, such as about assigning responsibility for emissions embodied in internationally traded products. The new time series was constructed using advanced parallelized supercomputing resources, and significantly advances the previous state of art because of four innovations. First, it is available as a continuous 20-year time series of MRIO tables. Second, it distinguishes 187 individual countries comprising more than 15,000 industry sectors, and hence offers unsurpassed detail. Third, it provides information just 1-3 years delayed therefore significantly improving timeliness. Fourth, it presents MRIO elements with accompanying standard deviations in order to allow users to understand the reliability of data. These advances will lead to material improvements in the capability of applications that rely on input-output tables. The timeliness of information means that analyses are more relevant to current policy questions. The continuity of the time series enables the robust identification of key trends and drivers of global environmental change. The high country and sector detail drastically improves the resolution of Life-Cycle Assessments. Finally, the availability of information on uncertainty allows policy-makers to quantitatively judge the level of confidence that can be placed in the results of analyses.},
author = {Lenzen, Manfred and Kanemoto, Keiichiro and Moran, Daniel and Geschke, Arne},
doi = {10.1021/es300171x},
file = {:G$\backslash$:/Documents/Mendeley/Library/Lenzen et al. - 2012 - Environmental science \& technology - Mapping the structure of the world economy.pdf:pdf;:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Lenzen et al. - 2012 - Mapping the structure of the world economy.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1520-5851},
journal = {Environmental science \& technology},
keywords = {Economics,Information Systems,Internationality},
month = aug,
number = {15},
pages = {8374--81},
pmid = {22794089},
title = {{Mapping the structure of the world economy.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22794089},
volume = {46},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Essl2011,
abstract = {Globalization and economic growth are widely recognized as important drivers of biological invasions. Consequently, there is an increasing need for governments to address the role of international trade in their strategies to prevent species introductions. However, many of the most problematic alien species are not recent arrivals butwere introduced several decades ago. Hence, current patterns of alien-species richness may better reflect historical rather than contemporary human activities, a phenomenon which might be called "invasion debt." Here, we show that across 10 taxonomic groups (vascular plants, bryophytes, fungi, birds,mammals, reptiles,amphibians, fish, terrestrial insects, andaquatic invertebrates) in28 European countries, current numbers of alien species established in the wild are indeed more closely related to indicators of socioeconomic activity from the year 1900 than to those from 2000, although the majority of species introductions occurred during the second half of the 20th century. The strength of the historical signal variesamong taxonomic groups, with those possessing good capabilities for dispersal (birds, insects) more strongly associated with recent socioeconomic drivers. Nevertheless, our results suggest a considerable historical legacy for the majority of the taxa analyzed. The consequences of the current high levels of socioeconomic activity on the extent of biological invasions will thus probably not be completely realized until several decades into the future.},
author = {Essl, F. and Dullinger, S. and Rabitsch, W. and Hulme, P. E. and Hulber, K. and Jarosik, V. and Kleinbauer, I. and Krausmann, F. and Kuhn, I. and Nentwig, W. and Vila, M. and Genovesi, P. and Gherardi, F. and Desprez-Loustau, M.-L. and Roques, a. and Pysek, P.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1107028108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Essl et al. - 2011 - Reply to Keller and Springborn No doubt about invasion debt.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1107028108},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {25},
pages = {E221--E221},
title = {{Reply to Keller and Springborn: No doubt about invasion debt}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Carpenter2006,
abstract = {Ecology has a key role in our understanding of the benefits that humans obtain from ecosystems (i.e. ecosystem services). Ecology can also contribute to developing environmentally sound technologies, markets for ecosystem services and approaches to decision-making that account for the changing relationship between humans and ecosystems. These contributions involve basic ecological research on, for example, the resilience of ecosystem services or relationships of ecosystem change to natural disasters. Much of the necessary work involves interdisciplinary collaboration among ecologists, social scientists and decision makers. As we discuss here, ecology should help formulate positive, plausible visions for relationships of society and ecosystems that can potentially sustain ecosystem services for long periods of time.},
author = {Carpenter, Stephen R and Folke, Carl},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2006.02.007},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Carpenter, Folke - 2006 - Ecology for transformation(3).pdf:pdf},
issn = {0169-5347},
journal = {Trends in ecology \& evolution},
keywords = {Biodiversity,Conservation of Natural Resources,Disasters,Ecology,Ecology: legislation \& jurisprudence,Ecosystem,Human Activities},
month = jun,
number = {6},
pages = {309--15},
pmid = {16769430},
title = {{Ecology for transformation.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16769430},
volume = {21},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Turner2004,
abstract = {Conflicts associated with natural resource use are common in rural areas of Africa. Political ecology's analytical and methodological foci on these conflicts is shared by other quite different schools of thought that strongly influence policies on environment and development. The influential "environmental security" and "common property management" perspectives generally conceptualize resource-related conflicts as scarcity-driven while political ecologists have made major contributions toward more multidimensional, complex views about the genesis of resource-related conflict. This paper explores two moral dimensions of resource conflict. First, it continues the tradition within political ecology of questioning popular notions of resource conflict. It does so by analyzing farmer-herder conflict in the Sahel-a type of resource-related conflict that seemingly fits the view that conflict is generated from increased competition over a dwindling pool of resources. By seriously engaging with the materiality of agropastoral production, this paper illuminates the complex relationships between political interests, moralities, and resource access that underlie these conflicts. Second, this paper considers the ethics of how we portray resource conflict. In the present policy context in Africa, overly-simplistic treatments of resource conflict by political ecologists or others may unintentionally support programs that are likely to negatively impact the human subjects of research, conservation or development. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
annote = {Times Cited: 21},
author = {Turner, M D},
doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2004.05.009},
isbn = {0962-6298},
journal = {Political Geography},
number = {7},
pages = {863--889},
title = {{Political ecology and the moral dimensions of "resource conflicts": the case of farmer-herder conflicts in the Sahel}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000225422600004},
volume = {23},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Buhaug2014,
author = {Buhaug, Halvard},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1323773111},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Buhaug - 2014 - Concealing agreements over climate-conflict results.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {6},
pages = {E636},
pmid = {24429351},
title = {{Concealing agreements over climate-conflict results.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24429351},
volume = {111},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Berkes2007,
abstract = {Communities have an important role to play in biodiversity conservation. However, community-based conservation as a panacea, like government-based conservation as a panacea, ignores the necessity of managing commons at multiple levels, with vertical and horizontal interplay among institutions. The study of conservation in a multilevel world can serve to inform an interdisciplinary science of conservation, consistent with the Convention on Biological Diversity, to establish partnerships and link biological conservation objectives with local development objectives. Improving the integration of conservation and development requires rethinking conservation by using a complexity perspective and the ability to deal with multiple objectives, use of partnerships and deliberative processes, and learning from commons research to develop diagnostic tools. Perceived this way, community-based conservation has a role to play in a broad pluralistic approach to biodiversity protection: it is governance that starts from the ground up and involves networks and linkages across various levels of organization. The shift of attention to processes at multiple levels fundamentally alters the way in which the governance of conservation development may be conceived and developed, using diagnostics within a pluralistic framework rather than a blueprint approach.},
author = {Berkes, Fikret},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0702098104},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Berkes - 2007 - Community-based conservation in a globalized world.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424 (Print)$\backslash$r0027-8424 (Linking)},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {39},
pages = {15188--15193},
pmid = {17881580},
title = {{Community-based conservation in a globalized world.}},
volume = {104},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Wright2013a,
abstract = {In the US Corn Belt, a recent doubling in commodity prices has created incentives for landowners to convert grassland to corn and soybean cropping. Here, we use land cover data from the National Agricultural Statistics Service Cropland Data Layer to assess grassland conversion from 2006 to 2011 in the Western Corn Belt (WCB): five states including North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, and Iowa. Our analysis identifies areas with elevated rates of grass-to-corn/soy conversion (1.0–5.4\% annually). Across the WCB, we found a net decline in grass-dominated land cover totaling nearly 530,000 ha. With respect to agronomic attributes of lands undergoing grassland conversion, corn/soy production is expanding onto marginal lands characterized by high erosion risk and vulnerability to drought. Grassland conversion is also concentrated in close proximity to wetlands, posing a threat to waterfowl breeding in the Prairie Pothole Region. Longer-term land cover trends from North Dakota and Iowa indicate that recent grassland conversion represents a persistent shift in land use rather than short-term variability in crop rotation patterns. Our results show that the WCB is rapidly moving down a pathway of increased corn and soybean cultivation. As a result, the window of opportunity for realizing the benefits of a biofuel industry based on perennial bioenergy crops, rather than corn ethanol and soy biodiesel, may be closing in the WCB.},
author = {Wright, Christopher K and Wimberly, Michael C},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1307594110},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Wright, Wimberly - 2013 - Reply to Kline et al. Cropland data layer provides a valid assessment of recent grassland conversion in the We.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {31},
pages = {E2864},
title = {{Reply to Kline et al.: Cropland data layer provides a valid assessment of recent grassland conversion in the Western Corn Belt}},
url = {http://www.pnas.org/content/110/31/E2864.short$\backslash$nhttp://www.pnas.org/content/110/31/E2864.full.pdf$\backslash$nhttp://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/02/13/1215404110.abstract$\backslash$nhttp://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/02/13/1215404110.full.pdf},
volume = {110},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Anderies2007a,
abstract = {A critical challenge faced by sustainability science is to develop strategies to cope with highly uncertain social and ecological dynamics. This article explores the use of the robust control framework toward this end. After briefly outlining the robust control framework, we apply it to the traditional Gordon-Schaefer fishery model to explore fundamental performance-robustness and robustness-vulnerability trade-offs in natural resource management. We find that the classic optimal control policy can be very sensitive to parametric uncertainty. By exploring a large class of alternative strategies, we show that there are no panaceas: even mild robustness properties are difficult to achieve, and increasing robustness to some parameters (e.g., biological parameters) results in decreased robustness with respect to others (e.g., economic parameters). On the basis of this example, we extract some broader themes for better management of resources under uncertainty and for sustainability science in general. Specifically, we focus attention on the importance of a continual learning process and the use of robust control to inform this process.},
author = {Anderies, John M and Rodriguez, Armando a and Janssen, Marco a and Cifdaloz, Oguzhan},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0702655104},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Anderies et al. - 2007 - Panaceas, uncertainty, and the robust control framework in sustainability science.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0702655104},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {39},
pages = {15194--15199},
pmid = {17881574},
title = {{Panaceas, uncertainty, and the robust control framework in sustainability science.}},
volume = {104},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Lenzen2007,
author = {Lenzen, Manfred and {Borgstrom Hansson}, Carina and Bond, Stuart},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.11.010},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Lenzen, Borgstrom Hansson, Bond - 2007 - On the bioproductivity and land-disturbance metrics of the Ecological Footprint.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09218009},
journal = {Ecological Economics},
month = feb,
number = {1},
pages = {6--10},
title = {{On the bioproductivity and land-disturbance metrics of the Ecological Footprint}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921800906005684},
volume = {61},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Guan2014,
author = {Guan, D. and Lin, J. and Davis, S. J. and Pan, D. and He, K. and Wang, C. and Wuebbles, D. J. and Streets, D. G. and Zhang, Q.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1407383111},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Guan et al. - 2014 - Reply to Lopez et al. Consumption-based accounting helps mitigate global air pollution.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {26},
pages = {E2631--E2631},
title = {{Reply to Lopez et al.: Consumption-based accounting helps mitigate global air pollution}},
url = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1407383111},
volume = {111},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Moglen2014,
author = {Moglen, Glenn E and Palmer, Margaret a},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1400119111},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Moglen, Palmer - 2014 - Physics attributed to curve number model illustrate need for caution, and ecological responses often lag restora.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1400119111},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {23},
pages = {2356},
pmid = {24843181},
title = {{Physics attributed to curve number model illustrate need for caution, and ecological responses often lag restoration efforts.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24843181},
volume = {111},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Simonit2013,
abstract = {Land cover change in watersheds affects the supply of a number of ecosystem services, including water supply, the production of timber and nontimber forest products, the provision of habitat for forest species, and climate regulation through carbon sequestration. The Panama Canal watershed is currently being reforested to protect the dry-season flows needed for Canal operations. Whether reforestation of the watershed is desirable depends on its impacts on all services. We develop a spatially explicit model to evaluate the implications of reforestation both for water flows and for other services. We find that reforestation does not necessarily increase water supply, but does increase carbon sequestration and timber production.},
author = {Simonit, Silvio and Perrings, Charles},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1112242110},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Simonit, Perrings - 2013 - Bundling ecosystem services in the Panama Canal watershed.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Carbon Sequestration,Conservation of Natural Resources,Conservation of Natural Resources: methods,Ecosystem,Forestry,Forestry: methods,Geographic Information Systems,Models, Theoretical,Panama,Water Supply,Water Supply: standards},
number = {23},
pages = {9326--31},
pmid = {23690598},
title = {{Bundling ecosystem services in the Panama Canal watershed.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3677501\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {110},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Ogden2013,
author = {Ogden, Fred L and Stallard, Robert F},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1314747111},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Ogden, Stallard - 2013 - Land use effects on ecosystem service provisioning in tropical watersheds, still an important unsolved problem.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences },
number = {52 },
pages = {E5037--E5037},
pmid = {24335591},
title = {{Land use effects on ecosystem service provisioning in tropical watersheds, still an important unsolved problem}},
url = {http://www.pnas.org/content/110/52/E5037.short},
volume = {110 },
year = {2013}
}
@article{Znar2005,
author = {Znar, J A and Hern, Universitat Miguel},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Znar, Hern - 2005 - RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENDOGENOUS GROWTH.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {convergence,endogenous growth,natural capital,sustainability},
pages = {170--197},
title = {{RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENDOGENOUS GROWTH}},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Urdal2008,
abstract = {Recent cross-national studies have found only moderate support for the idea that population pressure and resource scarcity may lead to political violence, contrary to much of the case study literature in the field. This article suggests that the level of analysis may be at the heart of this discrepancy. In a time-series study of political violence in 27 Indian states for the 1956-2002 period, it is tested whether high population pressure on renewable natural resources, youth bulges, and differential growth rates between religious groups are associated with higher levels of armed conflict, political violent events, and Hindu-Muslim riots. The results are generally more supportive of the resource scarcity and conflict scenario than recent global studies. The article further suggests that youth bulges affect all three forms of violence and that differential growth rates are positively related to armed conflict.},
annote = {Times Cited: 3},
author = {Urdal, H},
doi = {10.1177/0022002708316741},
isbn = {0022-0027},
journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
number = {4},
pages = {590--617},
title = {{Population, resources, and political violence - A subnational study of India, 1956-2002}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000257940500006},
volume = {52},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Fox2008,
abstract = {The papers in this special issue are the product of a comparative interdisciplinary workshop on 'Natural Resources and Violent Ethnic Conflicts in the Asia Pacific Region' held in Honolulu, Hawaii, 18-20 March 2005. The workshop brought together scholars who study conflicts between ethnic groups and those who study conflicts over natural resource claims in order to examine the interplay of resources and ethnicity and to seek answers to the question of why violence occurs in some cases and not in others. Both sets of scholars agreed on some points but disagreed on others. They agreed that ethnic and resource grievances occur not so much out of objective deprivation but out of 'relative deprivation' when groups compare their situation with others, to the past, or to future expectations. They both stressed the role of democratic processes in alleviating resource competition and ethnic conflicts - but they did this in different ways. The perspectives and solutions offered by these papers sum to a deeper and more contextualised understanding of the cause of conflict and to mutually reinforcing solutions for resolving them.},
annote = {Times Cited: 0},
author = {Fox, J and Swamy, A},
doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8373.2008.00356.x},
isbn = {1360-7456},
journal = {Asia Pacific Viewpoint},
number = {1},
pages = {1--11},
title = {{Introduction: Natural resources and ethnic conflicts in Asia Pacific}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000254095300001},
volume = {49},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Norgaard2010,
abstract = {What started as a humble metaphor to help us think about our relation to nature has become integral to how we are addressing the future of humanity and the course of biological evolution. The metaphor of nature as a stock that provides a flow of services is insufficient for the difficulties we are in or the task ahead. Indeed, combined with the mistaken presumption that we can analyze a global problem within a partial equilibrium economic framework and reach a new economy project-by-project without major institutional change, the simplicity of the stock-flow framework blinds us to the complexity of the human predicament. The ecosystem services approach can be a part of a larger solution, but its dominance in our characterization of our situation and the solution is blinding us to the ecological, economic, and political complexities of the challenges we actually face. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
annote = {Times Cited: 22},
author = {Norgaard, Richard B},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.009},
isbn = {0921-8009},
journal = {Ecological Economics},
number = {6},
pages = {1219--1227},
title = {{Ecosystem services: From eye-opening metaphor to complexity blinder}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000277906300004},
volume = {69},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Blaxekjaer2014,
abstract = {Since 2009, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) regime has seen the emergence of several new political groups. This article analyses how the new political groups are positioning themselves in relation to the key UNFCCC principles (the North–South divide and ‘common but differentiated responsibility and respective capabilities’, CBDR/RC). Drawing on original data, including official statements and submissions, observations at COP 17, COP 18, COP 19, and interviews with delegates, the article analyses the BASIC group (Brazil, South Africa, India and China), the Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF), the Cartagena Dialogue for Progressive Action (CD), the Durban Alliance (DA), the Like-Minded Developing Countries (LMDC), and the Association of Independent Latin American and Caribbean States (AILAC). Modelled after Hendrik Wagenaar's approach to narrative policy analysis, the article draws a map of narrative positions based on the North–South and new CBDR/RC divisions. This framework reveals the embeddedness of narratives in practice as they unfold in the formation of new political groups. CVF, CD, DA and AILAC align on a narrative of ‘shared responsibility across the North–South divide’. This meta-narrative challenges the hitherto dominant notion of CBDR/RC, which BASIC and LMDC defend through a meta-narrative of ‘differentiated responsibility upholding the North–South divide’.},
author = {Blaxekj\ae r, Lau \O fjord and Nielsen, Tobias Dan},
doi = {10.1080/14693062.2014.965656},
journal = {Climate Policy},
number = {0},
pages = {1--16},
title = {{Mapping the narrative positions of new political groups under the UNFCCC}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2014.965656},
volume = {0},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Hernandez2011,
abstract = {This study provides an overview of the current market situation in the fertilizer industry. In particular, it examines global trends in production, consumption, trade, and prices, with special emphasis given to the level of concentration of the industry at both the global and the country level. It then analyzes the market situation in key developing regions, including sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and South Asia. A regression analysis is conducted at the end of the study to formally examine the relationship between fertilizer (urea) prices and market concentration. The results of the study indicate that the fertilizer industry is a global market with high levels of concentration and increasing trade. The top five countries control more than 50 percent of the world’s production capacity for all major fertilizer products. There is also a high level of concentration at the country level among the major producing countries, except for China. The high and increasing levels of trade in the industry are evident from the higher dependence of several regions on imported fertilizer. International fertilizer prices have also shown an upward trend in recent years. All three regions analyzed show high levels of concentration in production, as well as an increase in their imports, regardless of their different production and consumption levels. Thus, while South Asia is both a major fertilizer producer and consumer, sub-Saharan Africa is by far the smallest producer and consumer in the world. In addition, although Latin America is an important consumer, it is a small-sized producer. Finally, the regression analysis provides some evidence that urea prices tend to be higher in less competitive markets. It appears that despite the high levels of concentration in the industry, prices are even higher in further concentrated markets due to the apparent greater market power enjoyed by a couple of firms.},
author = {Hernandez, Manuel a and Torero, Maximo},
file = {:G$\backslash$:/Documents/Mendeley/Library/Hernandez, Torero - 2011 - International Food Policy Reserach Institute - Fertilizer market situation market structure, consumption and.pdf:pdf},
journal = {International Food Policy Reserach Institute},
number = {January},
pages = {1--76},
title = {{Fertilizer market situation: market structure, consumption and trade patterns, and pricing behavior}},
url = {http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ifpridp01058.pdf},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Ott2012,
abstract = {This study analyses the drivers behind the recent price evolution of fertilizers and their interplay with energy and food commodity market prices. First, evidence of speculative behaviour on fertilizer markets is found. However, speculation on derivative markets can hardly be considered as the cause. The recent rapid expansion of this new derivative market might be due to the growing volatility of international fertilizer prices, especially urea, and it is probable that most of the fertilizer derivative products may be used as hedging tools and not as speculative ones. Indeed, the peak in fertilizer prices first occurred on the physical market due to the uncertainty of the grain and fertilizer markets (high volatility). Second, the prices of food commodities have influenced the fertilizer market and not vice versa. The results show that there is substantial co-movement between fertilizers' and food prices, but that the food prices are among the causes of the fertilizer price movements. In addition, higher food prices induced a higher demand for fertilizers, again boosting prices to higher levels. Third, the energy sector triggered the increase in fertilizer prices through the input cost channel. Energy represents a key input in the production of fertilizers. Rising oil and natural gas prices provoked a spark for the nitrogen nutrients whose production depends heavily on energy inputs for production and transport. The same occurred to phosphate and potash, where energy input is less important in their respective production cost structures. Fourth, given the oligopolistic fertilizer supply chain and the inelasticity of the supply of fertilizers (there is a 5 to 10 year delay before new production plants can be put into the supply chain), this created an upward adjustment of the expectations in the fertilizer market causing an upward spiral effect of the price. This eventually might have provoked a price peak in 2007 due to the uncertainty surrounding the low levels of},
author = {Ott, Herve},
doi = {10.2791/82136},
file = {:G$\backslash$:/Documents/Mendeley/Library/Ott - 2012 - Unknown - Fertilizer markets and its interplay with commodity and food prices.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Bubble,commodity prices,energy prices,fertilizer prices,volatility},
number = {JRC73043},
title = {{Fertilizer markets and its interplay with commodity and food prices}},
url = {http://ideas.repec.org/p/ipt/iptwpa/jrc73043.html},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Timmons2001,
abstract = {Global warming is all about inequality, both in who will suffer most its effects and in who created the problem in the first place. This article describes the inequality empirically in broad strokes and then describes how it has led to the current deadlock in dealing with the problem of global climate change. Regarding bargaining positions in the Kyoto round of negotiations, two factions among rich nations and at least five distinct bargaining positions among poor nations are described and explained. The factional divisions are attributable to the differential influence of "polluting elites" across nations. The article concludes that the only way out of the conundrum of inequity and warming is by both addressing inequality and delinking carbon and development.},
author = {Roberts, J Timmons},
doi = {10.1080/08941920118490},
journal = {Society \& Natural Resources},
number = {6},
pages = {501--509},
title = {{Global Inequality and Climate Change}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920118490},
volume = {14},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Bennett2009,
abstract = {Ecosystem management that attempts to maximize the production of one ecosystem service often results in substantial declines in the provision of other ecosystem services. For this reason, recent studies have called for increased attention to development of a theoretical understanding behind the relationships among ecosystem services. Here, we review the literature on ecosystem services and propose a typology of relationships between ecosystem services based on the role of drivers and the interactions between services. We use this typology to develop three propositions to help drive ecological science towards a better understanding of the relationships among multiple ecosystem services. Research which aims to understand the relationships among multiple ecosystem services and the mechanisms behind these relationships will improve our ability to sustainably manage landscapes to provide multiple ecosystem services.},
author = {Bennett, Elena M. and Peterson, Garry D. and Gordon, Line J.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01387.x},
file = {:G$\backslash$:/Documents/Mendeley/Library/Bennett, Peterson, Gordon - 2009 - Ecology Letters - Understanding relationships among multiple ecosystem services.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1461-023X},
issn = {1461023X},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
keywords = {Ecosystem management,Ecosystem services,Resilience,Social-ecological systems},
number = {12},
pages = {1394--1404},
pmid = {19845725},
title = {{Understanding relationships among multiple ecosystem services}},
volume = {12},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Holland2009,
abstract = {We used socioeconomic models that included economic inequality to predict biodiversity loss, measured as the proportion of threatened plant and vertebrate species, across 50 countries. Our main goal was to evaluate whether economic inequality, measured as the Gini index of income distribution, improved the explanatory power of our statistical models. We compared four models that included the following: only population density, economic footprint (i.e., the size of the economy relative to the country area), economic footprint and income inequality (Gini index), and an index of environmental governance. We also tested the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis, but it was not supported by the data. Statistical comparisons of the models revealed that the model including both economic footprint and inequality was the best predictor of threatened species. It significantly outperformed population density alone and the environmental governance model according to the Akaike information criterion. Inequality was a significant predictor of biodiversity loss and significantly improved the fit of our models. These results confirm that socioeconomic inequality is an important factor to consider when predicting rates of anthropogenic biodiversity loss.},
author = {Holland, Tim G. and Peterson, Garry D. and Gonzalez, Andrew},
doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01207.x},
file = {:G$\backslash$:/Documents/Mendeley/Library/Holland, Peterson, Gonzalez - 2009 - Conservation Biology - A cross-national analysis of how economic inequality predicts biodiversity l.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0888-8892},
issn = {08888892},
journal = {Conservation Biology},
keywords = {Biodiversity loss,Economy,IUCN Red List,Income distribution,Social-ecological systems},
number = {5},
pages = {1304--1313},
pmid = {19765041},
title = {{A cross-national analysis of how economic inequality predicts biodiversity loss}},
volume = {23},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Mikkelson2007,
abstract = {Human activity is causing high rates of biodiversity loss. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the extent to which socioeconomic factors exacerbate or ameliorate our impacts on biological diversity. One such factor, economic inequality, has been shown to affect public health, and has been linked to environmental problems in general. We tested how strongly economic inequality is related to biodiversity loss in particular. We found that among countries, and among US states, the number of species that are threatened or declining increases substantially with the Gini ratio of income inequality. At both levels of analysis, the connection between income inequality and biodiversity loss persists after controlling for biophysical conditions, human population size, and per capita GDP or income. Future research should explore potential mechanisms behind this equality-biodiversity relationship. Our results suggest that economic reforms would go hand in hand with, if not serving as a prerequisite for, effective conservation.},
author = {Mikkelson, Gregory M. and Gonzalez, Andrew and Peterson, Garry D.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0000444},
file = {:G$\backslash$:/Documents/Mendeley/Library/Mikkelson, Gonzalez, Peterson - 2007 - PLoS ONE - Economic inequality predicts biodiversity loss.pdf:pdf},
issn = {19326203},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
number = {5},
pages = {3--7},
pmid = {17505535},
title = {{Economic inequality predicts biodiversity loss}},
volume = {2},
year = {2007}
}
@article{FEC:FEC12460,
abstract = {
Summary
1.Body condition indices, measures of body “plumpness” or mass relative to frame size, are often used as a proxy for lipid reserves or fitness-related traits of animals and assumed to be positively related to fitness.
2.The quantification and analysis of body condition indices has been the subject of debate for decades. Here we summarize three additional concerns with the use of body condition indices.
3.First, body condition index is often poorly correlated with lipid content in animals. Second, even if body condition index and lipid content are correlated, lipid content of an animal may not be the most important aspect of body composition influencing fitness. Finally, neither body condition index nor lipid reserves are likely to be directly positively related to fitness in animals, as many animals homeostatically regulate intermediate levels of condition index or lipid reserves, with both higher and lower values incurring fitness costs.
4.A wide range of analytical methods, including some relatively inexpensive and simple measures, are available for more detailed measures of animal body composition or fitness-related traits. Replacing body condition indices with more direct measures of body composition - even relatively simple measures - can inform understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying animal responses in a wide range of behavioral, ecological and evolutionary studies.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
},
author = {Wilder, Shawn M and Raubenheimer, David and Simpson, Stephen J},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2435.12460},
issn = {1365-2435},
journal = {Functional Ecology},
keywords = { fitness, lipid,body condition index},
pages = {n/a----n/a},
title = {{Moving Beyond Body Condition Indices as an Estimate of Fitness in Ecological and Evolutionary Studies}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12460},
year = {2015}
}
@article{FEC:FEC12463,
abstract = {Divergence in plant traits and trait plasticity after invasion has been proposed as mechanisms favouring invasion success. Current hypotheses predict a rapid evolution in response to changes in the abiotic conditions in the area of introduction or to differences in the herbivore consumption pressure caused by a decrease in the enemies associated with the area of origin (e.g., evolution of increased competitive ability –EICA– hypothesis). The importance of these factors in determining plant geographical divergence has not been yet simultaneously evaluated.Senecio pterophorus (Asteraceae) is a perennial shrub native to Eastern South Africa and a recent invader in Western South Africa (since \~{}100 years ago), Australia (>70-100 years) and Europe (>30 years). These areas differ in their summer drought stress (measured as the ratio between summer precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, P/PET) and their interactions with herbivores.We performed a common garden experiment with S. pterophorus sampled throughout its entire known distributional area to determine: 1) whether native and non-native populations diverge in their traits, as well as the plasticity of these traits in response to water availability, and 2) whether climate and herbivory play a role in the genetic differentiation across regions.Plants from the non-native regions were smaller and had a lower reproductive output than plants from the indigenous area. No geographical differences in phenotypic plasticity were found in response to water availability. Herbivory was not related to the plant geographical divergence. In contrast, our results are consistent with the role of climate as a driver for post-invasive evolution, as suggested by adaptation of plants to a drought cline in the native range, the analogous change in plant traits in independently invaded regions, and the convergence of vegetative traits between non-native plants and native plants under similar drought conditions.Native and non-native populations of S. pterophorus differed in plant traits, but not in trait plasticity, in response to their local climatic conditions. Our results are contrary to the role of herbivory as a selective factor after invasion and highlight the importance of climate driving rapid evolution of exotic plants.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
author = {Colomer-Ventura, Ferran and Mart\'{\i}nez-Vilalta, Jordi and Zuccarini, Paolo and Escol\`{a}, Anna and Armengot, Laura and Castells, Eva},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2435.12463},
issn = {1365-2435},
journal = {Functional Ecology},
keywords = { Senecio pterophorus, biological invasions, drought, ecological clines, evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis, herbivory, invasion ecology, phenotypic plasticity, plant traits,Adaptation},
pages = {n/a----n/a},
title = {{Contemporary evolution of an invasive plant is associated with climate but not with herbivory}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12463},
year = {2015}
}
@article{FEC:FEC12459,
abstract = {1.Intraspecific variation in dietary breadth can influence important ecological and evolutionary processes, yet the mechanisms generating this variation are usually unknown. Maternally-transmitted bacterial symbionts frequently infect insect herbivores, and many have been shown to mediate key ecological interactions. For polyphagous herbivores, infection with particular symbionts is often strongly correlated with feeding on particular plant species, suggesting that facultative symbionts might directly determine herbivore food plant specificity. However, previous tests of this hypothesis have returned inconsistent results, providing little empirical support for a causal relationship between facultative symbiont infection and dietary breadth.2.Here, we investigate whether heritable facultative symbionts mediate dietary breadth in the polyphagous aphid, Aphis craccivora. We first determined that asexual clones of the aphid differ dramatically in performance across two leguminous food plants, locust and alfalfa, and could be considered biotypes with distinct ecological characteristics. The heritable symbiont Arsenophonus is strongly associated with locust-origin aphids.3.We created experimental lines that share aphid genotypes but differed with respect to Arsenophonus infection status, and compared performance across three food plant species. Naturally Arsenophonus-infected clones performed 2-4× better on locust and up to 75\% worse on two alternate plant species than uninfected controls, clearly demonstrating that Arsenophonus promotes specialization on locust. In both laboratory and field experiments, uninfected locust- and alfalfa-origin clones exhibited similar and modest performance on locust, indicating that the “locust-associated biotype” wouldn't exist without Arsenophonus.4.We also hypothesized that moving Arsenophonus, via transinfection, to an alfalfa-origin lineage would improve performance on locust and serve to expand dietary breadth. Indeed, transinfection doubled aphid performance on locust, and halved aphid performance on alfalfa. However, because this aphid lineage naturally performs better on alfalfa, the transinfected symbiont functionally equalized aphid performance between locust and alfalfa, making the alfalfa biotype more generalized. Thus, the same symbiont can either reduce or expand dietary breadth, depending on host genotype.5.Our results unequivocally demonstrate that symbiont gain or loss can instantaneously and substantially change the topology of food plant use in a polyphagous insect, modifying diet in ways that potentially influence the insect's ecological niche, evolutionary trajectory and pest status.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
author = {Wagner, Steven M and Martinez, Adam J and Ruan, Yong-ming and Kim, Kyungsun L and Lenhart, Paul A and Dehnel, Allison C and Oliver, Kerry M and White, Jennifer A},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2435.12459},
issn = {1365-2435},
journal = {Functional Ecology},
keywords = { Biotype, Generalist, Hamiltonella, host associated differentiation, host races, intraspecific variation, microbial symbiosis,Arsenophonus},
pages = {n/a----n/a},
title = {{Facultative endosymbionts mediate dietary breadth in a polyphagous herbivore}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12459},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Costanza2014152,
abstract = {Abstract In 1997, the global value of ecosystem services was estimated to average 33\&\#xa0;trillion/yr in 1995 US (46\&\#xa0;trillion/yr in 2007 US). In this paper, we provide an updated estimate based on updated unit ecosystem service values and land use change estimates between 1997 and 2011. We also address some of the critiques of the 1997 paper. Using the same methods as in the 1997 paper but with updated data, the estimate for the total global ecosystem services in 2011 is 125\&\#xa0;trillion/yr (assuming updated unit values and changes to biome areas) and 145\&\#xa0;trillion/yr (assuming only unit values changed), both in 2007 US. From this we estimated the loss of eco-services from 1997 to 2011 due to land use change at 4.3–20.2\&\#xa0;trillion/yr, depending on which unit values are used. Global estimates expressed in monetary accounting units, such as this, are useful to highlight the magnitude of eco-services, but have no specific decision-making context. However, the underlying data and models can be applied at multiple scales to assess changes resulting from various scenarios and policies. We emphasize that valuation of eco-services (in whatever units) is not the same as commodification or privatization. Many eco-services are best considered public goods or common pool resources, so conventional markets are often not the best institutional frameworks to manage them. However, these services must be (and are being) valued, and we need new, common asset institutions to better take these values into account. },
author = {Costanza, Robert and de Groot, Rudolf and Sutton, Paul and van der Ploeg, Sander and Anderson, Sharolyn J and Kubiszewski, Ida and Farber, Stephen and Turner, R Kerry},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.002},
issn = {0959-3780},
journal = {Global Environmental Change},
keywords = {Ecosystem services,Global value,Monetary units,Natural capital},
number = {0},
pages = {152--158},
title = {{Changes in the global value of ecosystem services}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378014000685},
volume = {26},
year = {2014}
}
@article{GómezBaggethun20101209,
abstract = {This paper reviews the historic development of the conceptualization of ecosystem services and examines critical landmarks in economic theory and practice with regard to the incorporation of ecosystem services into markets and payment schemes. The review presented here suggests that the trend towards monetization and commodification of ecosystem services is partly the result of a slow move from the original economic conception of nature's benefits as use values in Classical economics to their conceptualization in terms of exchange values in Neoclassical economics. The theory and practice of current ecosystem services science are examined in the light of this historical development. From this review, we conclude that the focus on monetary valuation and payment schemes has contributed to attract political support for conservation, but also to commodify a growing number of ecosystem services and to reproduce the Neoclassical economics paradigm and the market logic to tackle environmental problems. },
annote = {Special Section - Payments for Environmental Services: Reconciling Theory and Practice},
author = {G\'{o}mez-Baggethun, Erik and de Groot, Rudolf and Lomas, Pedro L and Montes, Carlos},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.007},
issn = {0921-8009},
journal = {Ecological Economics},
keywords = {Commodification,Economic history,Ecosystem services,Exchange value,Market based instruments,Use value},
number = {6},
pages = {1209--1218},
title = {{The history of ecosystem services in economic theory and practice: From early notions to markets and payment schemes}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092180090900456X},
volume = {69},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Ferguson2010,
author = {Ferguson, Thomas and Johnson, Robert},
file = {:G$\backslash$:/Documents/Mendeley/Library/Ferguson, Johnson - 2010 - Institute for New Economic Thinking \ldots - When Wolves Cry'Wolf' Systemic Financial Crisis and the Myth of the D.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Institute for New Economic Thinking \ldots},
pages = {1--36},
title = {{When Wolves Cry'Wolf': Systemic Financial Crisis and the Myth of the Danaid Jar}},
url = {http://andrewgelman.com/movabletype/mlm/Ferg-John INET Conf Cambridge UK April 2010 final  pdf-1.pdf},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Gilens2014,
abstract = {Each of four theoretical traditions in the study of American politics – which can be characterized as theories of Majoritarian Electoral Democracy, Economic Elite Domination, and two types of interest group pluralism, Majoritarian Pluralism and Biased Pluralism – offers different predictions about which sets of actors have how much influence over public policy: average citizens; economic elites; and organized interest groups, mass-based or business-oriented. A great deal of empirical research speaks to the policy influence of one or another set of actors, but until recently it has not been possible to test these contrasting theoretical predictions against each other within a single statistical model. This paper reports on an effort to do so, using a unique data set that includes measures of the key variables for 1,779 policy issues. Multivariate analysis indicates that economic elites and organized groups representing business interests have substantial independent impacts on U.S. government policy, while average citizens and mass-based interest groups have little or no independent influence. The results provide substantial support for theories of Economic Elite Domination and for theories of Biased Pluralism, but not for theories of Majoritarian Electoral Democracy or Majoritarian Pluralism.},
author = {Gilens, Martin and Page, Benjamin I.},
doi = {10.1017/S1537592714001595},
file = {:G$\backslash$:/Documents/Mendeley/Library/Gilens, Page - 2014 - Perspectives on Politics - Testing Theories of American Politics Elites , Interest Groups , and Average Citizens.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1537-5927},
journal = {Perspectives on Politics},
pages = {42},
title = {{Testing Theories of American Politics : Elites , Interest Groups , and Average Citizens}},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Palazy2012,
abstract = {The size and shape of a trophy constitute major determinants of its value. We postulate that the rarity of a species, whatever its causes, also plays a major role in determining its value among hunters. We investigated a role for an Anthropogenic Allee effect in trophy hunting, where human attraction to rarity could lead to an over-exploitative chain reaction that could eventually drive the targeted species to extinction. We performed an inter-specific analysis of trophy prices of 202 ungulate taxa and quantified to what extent morphological characteristics and their rarity accounted for the observed variation in their price. We found that once location and body mass were accounted for, trophies of rare species attain higher prices than those of more common species. By driving trophy price increase, this rarity effect may encourage the exploitation of rare species regardless of their availability, with potentially profound consequences for populations. © 2011 The Authors. Animal Conservation © 2011 The Zoological Society of London.},
author = {Palazy, L. and Bonenfant, C. and Gaillard, J. M. and Courchamp, F.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00476.x},
file = {:G$\backslash$:/Documents/Mendeley/Library/Palazy et al. - 2012 - Animal Conservation - Rarity, trophy hunting and ungulates.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1469-1795},
issn = {13679430},
journal = {Animal Conservation},
keywords = {Anthropogenic Allee effect,Conservation,Hunting management,Mammals,Trophy price},
number = {1},
pages = {4--11},
title = {{Rarity, trophy hunting and ungulates}},
volume = {15},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Palazy2011,
abstract = {Trophy hunting is one of the most controversial issues in the field of biodiversity conservation. In particular, proponents and opponents debate fiercely over whether it poses a threat to hunted populations. Here, we show that trophy hunting constitutes a greater menace to threatened species than previously realized. Because humans value rarity, targeted species that are threatened are likely to be disproportionately hunted, thereby becoming even more vulnerable, which could eventually push them to extinction. With the ten felid species currently hunted for their trophies, we present evidence that (1) the number of killed individuals increases with time, in several cases exponentially, despite population declines, (2) the price of trophies is strongly dependent on species protection status, (3) changes of protection status coincide with counter-intuitive changes of hunting pressures: protection intensification with augmented hunting effort, and protection relaxation with lower effort. This suggests an over-exploitation of trophy-hunted felids and the necessity of a better quota system coupled with reconsidered protection methods.},
author = {Palazy, Lucille and Bonenfant, Christophe and Gaillard, Jean Michel and Courchamp, Franck},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0022424},
file = {:G$\backslash$:/Documents/Mendeley/Library/Palazy et al. - 2011 - PLoS ONE - Cat dilemma Too protected to escape trophy hunting.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1932-6203},
issn = {19326203},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
number = {7},
pages = {1--6},
pmid = {21818322},
title = {{Cat dilemma: Too protected to escape trophy hunting?}},
volume = {6},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Vitali2013,
abstract = {We investigate the community structure of the global ownership network of transnational corporations. We find a pronounced organization in communities that cannot be explained by randomness. Despite the global character of this network, communities reflect first of all the geographical location of firms, while the industrial sector plays only a marginal role. We also analyze the network in which the nodes are the communities and the links are obtained by aggregating the links among firms belonging to pairs of communities. We analyze the network centrality of the top 50 communities and we provide the first quantitative assessment of the financial sector role in connecting the global economy.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1301.2363},
author = {Vitali, Stefania and Battiston, Stefano},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0104655},
eprint = {1301.2363},
file = {:G$\backslash$:/Documents/Mendeley/Library/Vitali, Battiston - 2013 - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich - The Community Structure of the Global Corporate Network.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-6203},
journal = {Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich},
keywords = {community analysis,f64,financial sector,firm localization,g2,g3,jel codes,l14,ownership networks},
number = {255987},
pages = {1--19},
pmid = {25126722},
title = {{The Community Structure of the Global Corporate Network}},
url = {http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract\_id=2198974$\backslash$nhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1301.2363},
volume = {9},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Wennmann2007,
abstract = {This article argues that an emphasis on natural resources in conflict financing is unhelpful. Instead of focusing on individual methods of conflict financing, conflict economies should be approached as a combination of financing strategies. This opens new space for analyzing the vulnerability of organized armed groups. The article shows that organized armed groups are rational, have multiple sources of financing, and shift from one to another as a function of their needs. They operate in a structural environment that facilitates conflict financing. This challenges the effectiveness of multilateral policy against conflict financing and the viability of postconflict peacebuilding. If the availability of revenue sources can affect the dynamics of armed conflict, policy against conflict financing holds a promising potential for peacebuilding. KEYWORDS: political economy of conflict, conflict financing, natural resources, organized armed groups, peacebuilding.},
annote = {Times Cited: 1},
author = {Wennmann, A},
isbn = {1075-2846},
journal = {Global Governance},
number = {3},
pages = {427--444},
title = {{The political economy of conflict financing: A comprehensive approach beyond natural resources}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000249326200012},
volume = {13},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Wiedmann2007,
author = {Wiedmann, Thomas and Lenzen, Manfred},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.10.018},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Wiedmann, Lenzen - 2007 - On the conversion between local and global hectares in Ecological Footprint analysis.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09218009},
journal = {Ecological Economics},
month = feb,
number = {4},
pages = {673--677},
title = {{On the conversion between local and global hectares in Ecological Footprint analysis}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921800906005556},
volume = {60},
year = {2007}
}
@article{LeBillon2001,
abstract = {Throughout the 1990s, many armed groups have relied on revenues from natural resources such as oil, timber, or gems to substitute for dwindling Cold War sponsorship. Resources not only financed, but in some cases motivated conflicts, and shaped strategies of power based on the commercialisation of armed conflict and the territorialisation of sovereignty around valuable resource areas and trading networks. As such, armed conflict in the post-Cold War period is increasingly characterised by a specific political ecology closely linked to the geography and political economy of natural resources. This paper examines theories of relationships between resources and armed conflicts and the historical processes in which they are embedded. It stresses the vulnerability resulting from resource dependence, rather than conventional notions of scarcity or abundance, the risks of violence linked to the conflictuality of natural resource political economies, and the opportunities for armed insurgents resulting from the lootability of resources. Violence is expressed in the subjugation of the rights of people to determine the use of their environment and the brutal patterns of resource extraction and predation. Beyond demonstrating the economic agendas of belligerents, an analysis of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflicts suggests that the criminal character of their inclusion in international primary commodity markets responds to an exclusionary form of globalisation; with major implications for the promotion of peace. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
annote = {Times Cited: 108},
author = {{Le Billon}, P},
isbn = {0962-6298},
journal = {Political Geography},
number = {5},
pages = {561--584},
title = {{The political ecology of war: natural resources and armed conflicts}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000170124600002},
volume = {20},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Lenzen2012,
author = {Lenzen, M. and Moran, D. and Kanemoto, K. and Foran, B. and Lobefaro, L. and Geschke, A.},
doi = {10.1038/nature11145},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Lenzen et al. - 2012 - International trade drives biodiversity threats in developing nations(3).pdf:pdf},
issn = {0028-0836},
journal = {Nature},
language = {en},
month = jun,
number = {7401},
pages = {109--112},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{International trade drives biodiversity threats in developing nations}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v486/n7401/full/nature11145.html?WT.ec\_id=NATURE-20120607},
volume = {486},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Parris2003,
abstract = {Sustainable development exhibits broad political appeal but has proven difficult to define in precise terms. Recent scholarship has focused on the nature of a sustainability transition, described by the National Research Council as meeting the needs of a stabilizing future world population while reducing hunger and poverty and maintaining the planet's life-support systems. We identify a small set of goals, quantitative targets, and associated indicators that further characterize a sustainability transition by drawing on the consensus embodied in internationally negotiated agreements and plans of action. To illustrate opportunities for accelerating progress, we then examine current scholarship on the processes that influence attainment of four such goals: reducing hunger, promoting literacy, stabilizing greenhouse-gas concentrations, and maintaining fresh-water availability. We find that such analysis can often reveal "levers of change," forces that both control the rate of positive change and are subject to policy intervention.},
author = {Parris, Thomas M and Kates, Robert W},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1231336100},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Parris, Kates - 2003 - Characterizing a sustainability transition goals, targets, trends, and driving forces.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1231331100},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {14},
pages = {8068--8073},
pmid = {12819346},
title = {{Characterizing a sustainability transition: goals, targets, trends, and driving forces.}},
volume = {100},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Turner2003,
abstract = {Global environmental change and sustainability science increasingly recognize the need to address the consequences of changes taking place in the structure and function of the biosphere. These changes raise questions such as: Who and what are vulnerable to the multiple environmental changes underway, and where? Research demonstrates that vulnerability is registered not by exposure to hazards (perturbations and stresses) alone but also resides in the sensitivity and resilience of the system experiencing such hazards. This recognition requires revisions and enlargements in the basic design of vulnerability assessments, including the capacity to treat coupled human-environment systems and those linkages within and without the systems that affect their vulnerability. A vulnerability framework for the assessment of coupled human-environment systems is presented.},
author = {Turner, B L and Kasperson, Roger E and Matson, Pamela a and McCarthy, James J and Corell, Robert W and Christensen, Lindsey and Eckley, Noelle and Kasperson, Jeanne X and Luers, Amy and Martello, Marybeth L and Polsky, Colin and Pulsipher, Alexander and Schiller, Andrew},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1231335100},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Turner et al. - 2003 - A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424 (Print)$\backslash$r0027-8424 (Linking)},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {14},
pages = {8074--8079},
pmid = {12792023},
title = {{A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science.}},
volume = {100},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Bruch2012,
author = {Bruch, C. and Jensen, D. and Nakayama, M. and Unruh, J.},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science},
month = jul,
number = {6092},
pages = {291--292},
title = {{Human Conflict: Targeting Natural Resources}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6092/291.short},
volume = {337},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Cash2003,
abstract = {The challenge of meeting human development needs while protecting the earth's life support systems confronts scientists, technologists, policy makers, and communities from local to global levels. Many believe that science and technology (S\&T) must play a more central role in sustainable development, yet little systematic scholarship exists on how to create institutions that effectively harness S\&T for sustainability. This study suggests that efforts to mobilize S\&T for sustainability are more likely to be effective when they manage boundaries between knowledge and action in ways that simultaneously enhance the salience, credibility, and legitimacy of the information they produce. Effective systems apply a variety of institutional mechanisms that facilitate communication, translation and mediation across boundaries.},
author = {Cash, David W and Clark, William C and Alcock, Frank and Dickson, Nancy M and Eckley, Noelle and Guston, David H and J\"{a}ger, Jill and Mitchell, Ronald B},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1231332100},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Cash et al. - 2003 - Knowledge systems for sustainable development.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {14},
pages = {8086--8091},
pmid = {12777623},
title = {{Knowledge systems for sustainable development.}},
volume = {100},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Torvik2009,
abstract = {On average, resource-abundant countries have experienced lower growth over the last four decades than their resource-poor counterparts. But the most interesting aspect of the paradox of plenty is not the average effect of natural resources, but its variation. For every Nigeria or Venezuela there is a Norway or a Botswana. Why do natural resources induce prosperity in some countries but stagnation in others ? This paper gives an overview of the dimensions along which resource-abundant winners and losers differ. In light of this, it then discusses different theory models of the resource curse, with a particular emphasis on recent developments in political economy.},
annote = {Times Cited: 1},
author = {Torvik, R},
doi = {10.1093/oxrep/grp015},
isbn = {0266-903X},
journal = {Oxford Review of Economic Policy},
number = {2},
pages = {241--256},
title = {{Why do some resource-abundant countries succeed while others do not ?}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000267888200005},
volume = {25},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Burnside2012,
abstract = {Humans have a dual nature. We are subject to the same natural laws and forces as other species yet dominate global ecology and exhibit enormous variation in energy use, cultural diversity, and apparent social organization. We suggest scientists tackle these challenges with a macroecological approach-using comparative statistical techniques to identify deep patterns of variation in large datasets and to test for causal mechanisms. We show the power of a metabolic perspective for interpreting these patterns and suggesting possible underlying mechanisms, one that focuses on the exchange of energy and materials within and among human societies and with the biophysical environment. Examples on human foraging ecology, life history, space use, population structure, disease ecology, cultural and linguistic diversity patterns, and industrial and urban systems showcase the power and promise of this approach.},
author = {Burnside, William R and Brown, James H and Burger, Oskar and Hamilton, Marcus J and Moses, Melanie and Bettencourt, Luis M a},
doi = {10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00192.x},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Burnside et al. - 2012 - Human macroecology linking pattern and process in big-picture human ecology(3).pdf:pdf},
issn = {1469-185X},
journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society},
keywords = {Communicable Diseases,Communicable Diseases: epidemiology,Ecosystem,Energy Metabolism,Food Supply,Humans,Models, Biological,Social Behavior,World Health},
month = feb,
number = {1},
pages = {194--208},
pmid = {21781233},
title = {{Human macroecology: linking pattern and process in big-picture human ecology.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21781233},
volume = {87},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Herrmann2010,
abstract = {Problems of optimal natural resource extraction that were first addressed by economists in the contexts of fisheries and forests have reemerged in the context of a newly recognized resource: antibiotic effectiveness. This review introduces economists to the growing literature on optimal use, innovation, and regulation of antibiotic effectiveness. Along the way, we draw links and parallels to similar problems in the management of other resources with which economists may be more familiar, and we address new ques- tions that have arisen in the context of antibiotic effectiveness but that are also relevant to other resources.},
author = {Herrmann, Markus and Laxminarayan, Ramanan},
doi = {10.1146/annurev.resource.050708.144125},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Herrmann, Laxminarayan - 2010 - Antibiotic Effectiveness New Challenges in Natural Resource Management(3).pdf:pdf},
issn = {1941-1340},
journal = {Annual Review of Resource Economics},
keywords = {antimicrobials,optimal use,resistance},
month = oct,
number = {1},
pages = {125--138},
title = {{Antibiotic Effectiveness: New Challenges in Natural Resource Management}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.resource.050708.144125},
volume = {2},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Nagendra2007,
abstract = {Tropical forest habitat continues to decline globally, with serious negative consequences for environmental sustainability. The small mountain country of Nepal provides an excellent context in which to examine trajectories of forest-cover change. Despite having experienced large-scale forest clearing in the past, significant reforestation has taken place in recent years. The range of biophysical and ecological environments and diversity of tenure arrangements provide us with a context with sufficient variation to be able to derive insight into the impact of a range of hypothesized drivers of forest change. This article draws on a dataset of 55 forests from the middle hills and Terai plains of Nepal to examine the factors associated with forest clearing or regeneration. Results affirm the central importance of tenure regimes and local monitoring for forest regrowth. In addition, user group size per unit of forest area is an important, independent explanator of forest change. These variables also can be associated with specific practices that further influence forest change such as the management of social conflict, adoption of new technologies to reduce pressure on the forest, and involvement of users in forest maintenance activities. Such large-N, comparative studies are essential if we are to derive more complex, nuanced, yet actionable frameworks that help us to plan better policies for the management of natural resources.},
author = {Nagendra, Harini},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0702319104},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Nagendra - 2007 - Drivers of reforestation in human-dominated forests.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0702319104},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {39},
pages = {15218--15223},
pmid = {17881576},
title = {{Drivers of reforestation in human-dominated forests.}},
volume = {104},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Wilson2007,
abstract = {Collective action is more likely to occur and to be effective when it is consistent with the self-interest of the affected individuals. The Maine lobster fishery is an instructive example of biological and technological circumstances combining with individual self-interest to create conditions favorable to collective action. The model describes the way social structure emerges from the adaptive behavior of competing fishers. Fishers compete in two ways: in a scramble to find the lobsters first and by directly interfering in other fishers' ability to compete, i.e., by cutting their traps. Both forms of competition lead fishers to interact frequently and to self-organize into relatively small groups. They learn to restrain their competitive behavior toward their neighbors but do not extend that same restraint to nonneighbors. Groups work within well defined boundaries, contact one another frequently, actively exchange information about the resource, and, most importantly, depend on continuing mutual restraint for their economic well-being. These self-organizing, competitive processes lay the foundation for successful collective action, i.e., mutual agreements that create the additional restraint required for conservation. The modeling approach we use is a combined multiagent and classifier systems simulation. The model allows us to simulate the dynamic adaptation (learning) of multiple individuals interacting in a complex, changing environment and, consequently, provides a way to analyze the fine-scale processes that emerge as the broad social-ecological patterns of the fishery. Patterns generated by the model are compared with patterns observed in a large dataset collected by 44 Maine fishers.},
author = {Wilson, James and Yan, Liying and Wilson, Carl},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0702241104},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Wilson, Yan, Wilson - 2007 - The precursors of governance in the Maine lobster fishery.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {39},
pages = {15212--15217},
pmid = {17881579},
title = {{The precursors of governance in the Maine lobster fishery.}},
volume = {104},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Contractor2003,
abstract = {It is generally assumed that the performance of a firm improves with greater multinationality. Yet recent empirical studies have shown both a U-shaped relationship (which suggests an initially negative effect of international expansion on performance, before the positive returns of international expansion are realized) and an inverted-U-shaped relationship (which suggests that international expansion beyond an optimal level is again detrimental to performance, and results in a negative slope). This paper proposes a new unified three-stage theory of international expansion that incorporates both concepts in a sigmoid hypothesis. It then tests this on data from 11 service industries, highlighting the difference between knowledge-based and capital-intensive service sectors.},
author = {Contractor, Farok J and Kundu, Sumit K and Hsu, Chin-Chun},
doi = {10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400003},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Contractor, Kundu, Hsu - 2003 - A three-stage theory of international expansion the link between multinationality and performance in (2).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {00472506},
issn = {0047-2506},
journal = {Journal of International Business Studies},
number = {August 2002},
pages = {5--18},
pmid = {318976871},
title = {{A three-stage theory of international expansion: the link between multinationality and performance in the service sector}},
volume = {34},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Neumayer2002,
author = {Neumayer, Eric},
doi = {10.1111/1467-6419.00112},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Neumayer - 2002 - Scarce or Abundant The Economics of Natural Resource Availability.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09500804},
journal = {Journal of Economic Surveys},
keywords = {availability,natural resources,scarcity,substitution,technical},
month = dec,
number = {3},
pages = {307--335},
title = {{Scarce or Abundant? The Economics of Natural Resource Availability}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1467-6419.00112},
volume = {14},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Mace2012,
abstract = {The relationship between biodiversity and the rapidly expanding research and policy field of ecosystem services is confused and is damaging efforts to create coherent policy. Using the widely accepted Convention on Biological Diversity definition of biodiversity and work for the U.K. National Ecosystem Assessment we show that biodiversity has key roles at all levels of the ecosystem service hierarchy: as a regulator of underpinning ecosystem processes, as a final ecosystem service and as a good that is subject to valuation, whether economic or otherwise. Ecosystem science and practice has not yet absorbed the lessons of this complex relationship, which suggests an urgent need to develop the interdisciplinary science of ecosystem management bringing together ecologists, conservation biologists, resource economists and others.},
author = {Mace, Georgina M and Norris, Ken and Fitter, Alastair H},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2011.08.006},
file = {:G$\backslash$:/Documents/Mendeley/Library/Mace, Norris, Fitter - 2012 - Trends in ecology \& evolution - Biodiversity and ecosystem services a multilayered relationship.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0169-5347},
journal = {Trends in ecology \& evolution},
keywords = {Biodiversity,Ecosystem,Great Britain},
month = jan,
number = {1},
pages = {19--26},
pmid = {21943703},
title = {{Biodiversity and ecosystem services: a multilayered relationship.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21943703},
volume = {27},
year = {2012}
}
@book{Strulik2012a,
author = {Strulik, H and Dalgaard, Cj},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Strulik, Dalgaard - 2012 - Long-Run Economic Perspectives of an Ageing Society.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9783700173021},
number = {March},
title = {{Long-Run Economic Perspectives of an Ageing Society}},
url = {http://www.oeaw.ac.at/vid/download/FB34.pdf},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Nelson2008,
abstract = {We develop an integrated model to predict private land-use decisions in response to policy incentives designed to increase the provision of carbon sequestration and species conservation across heterogeneous landscapes. Using data from the Willamette Basin, Oregon, we compare the provision of carbon sequestration and species conservation under five simple policies that offer payments for conservation. We evaluate policy performance compared with the maximum feasible combinations of carbon sequestration and species conservation on the landscape for various conservation budgets. None of the conservation payment policies produce increases in carbon sequestration and species conservation that approach the maximum potential gains on the landscape. Our results show that policies aimed at increasing the provision of carbon sequestration do not necessarily increase species conservation and that highly targeted policies do not necessarily do as well as more general policies.},
author = {Nelson, Erik and Polasky, Stephen and Lewis, David J and Plantinga, Andrew J and Lonsdorf, Eric and White, Denis and Bael, David and Lawler, Joshua J},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0706178105},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Nelson et al. - 2008 - Efficiency of incentives to jointly increase carbon sequestration and species conservation on a landscape.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {28},
pages = {9471--9476},
pmid = {18621703},
title = {{Efficiency of incentives to jointly increase carbon sequestration and species conservation on a landscape.}},
volume = {105},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Dickman2011a,
abstract = {One of the greatest challenges in biodiversity conservation today is how to facilitate protection of species that are highly valued at a global scale but have little or even negative value at a local scale. Imperiled species such as large predators can impose significant economic costs at a local level, often in poverty-stricken rural areas where households are least able to tolerate such costs, and impede efforts of local people, especially traditional pastoralists, to escape from poverty. Furthermore, the costs and benefits involved in predator conservation often include diverse dimensions, which are hard to quantify and nearly impossible to reconcile with one another. The best chance of effective conservation relies upon translating the global value of carnivores into tangible local benefits large enough to drive conservation "on the ground." Although human-carnivore coexistence involves significant noneconomic values, providing financial incentives to those affected negatively by carnivore presence is a common strategy for encouraging such coexistence, and this can also have important benefits in terms of reducing poverty. Here, we provide a critical overview of such financial instruments, which we term "payments to encourage coexistence"; assess the pitfalls and potentials of these methods, particularly compensation and insurance, revenue-sharing, and conservation payments; and discuss how existing strategies of payment to encourage coexistence could be combined to facilitate carnivore conservation and alleviate local poverty.},
author = {Dickman, Amy J and Macdonald, Ewan a and Macdonald, David W},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1012972108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Dickman, Macdonald, Macdonald - 2011 - A review of financial instruments to pay for predator conservation and encourage human-carnivore.pdf:pdf;:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Dickman, Macdonald, Macdonald - 2011 - A review of financial instruments to pay for predator conservation and encourage human-carnivo(2).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {34},
pages = {13937--13944},
pmid = {21873181},
title = {{A review of financial instruments to pay for predator conservation and encourage human-carnivore coexistence.}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{ECTA:ECTA648,
abstract = {One of the most striking changes in the U.S. economy over the past 50 years has been the growth in the service sector. Between 1950 and 2000, service-sector employment grew from 57 to 75 percent of total employment. However, over this time, the real hourly wage in the service sector grew only slightly faster than in the goods sector. In this paper, we assess whether or not the essential constancy of the relative wage implies that individuals face small costs of switching sectors, and we quantify the relative importance of labor supply and demand factors in the growth of the service sector. We specify and estimate a two-sector labor market equilibrium model that allows us to address these empirical issues in a unified framework. Our estimates imply that there are large mobility costs: output in both sectors would have been double their current levels if these mobility costs had been zero. In addition, we find that demand-side factors, that is, technological change and movements in product and capital prices, were responsible for the growth of the service sector.},
author = {Lee, Donghoon and Wolpin, Kenneth I},
doi = {10.1111/j.1468-0262.2006.00648.x},
issn = {1468-0262},
journal = {Econometrica},
keywords = {Labor mobility,labor market equilibrium,service-sector growth},
number = {1},
pages = {1--46},
publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
title = {{Intersectoral Labor Mobility and the Growth of the Service Sector}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0262.2006.00648.x},
volume = {74},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Sayer2013,
abstract = {"Landscape approaches" seek to provide tools and concepts for allocating and managing land to achieve social, economic, and environmental objectives in areas where agriculture, mining, and other productive land uses compete with environmental and biodiversity goals. Here we synthesize the current consensus on landscape approaches. This is based on published literature and a consensus-building process to define good practice and is validated by a survey of practitioners. We find the landscape approach has been refined in response to increasing societal concerns about environment and development tradeoffs. Notably, there has been a shift from conservation-orientated perspectives toward increasing integration of poverty alleviation goals. We provide 10 summary principles to support implementation of a landscape approach as it is currently interpreted. These principles emphasize adaptive management, stakeholder involvement, and multiple objectives. Various constraints are recognized, with institutional and governance concerns identified as the most severe obstacles to implementation. We discuss how these principles differ from more traditional sectoral and project-based approaches. Although no panacea, we see few alternatives that are likely to address landscape challenges more effectively than an approach circumscribed by the principles outlined here.},
author = {Sayer, Jeffrey and Sunderland, Terry and Ghazoul, Jaboury and Pfund, Jean-Laurent and Sheil, Douglas and Meijaard, Erik and Venter, Michelle and Boedhihartono, Agni Klintuni and Day, Michael and Garcia, Claude and van Oosten, Cora and Buck, Louise E},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1210595110},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Sayer et al. - 2013 - Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, conservation, and other competing land uses.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Agriculture,Agriculture: methods,Agriculture: trends,Biodiversity,Conservation of Natural Resources,Conservation of Natural Resources: methods,Conservation of Natural Resources: trends,Crops, Agricultural,Crops, Agricultural: growth \& development},
number = {21},
pages = {8349--56},
pmid = {23686581},
title = {{Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, conservation, and other competing land uses.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3666687\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {110},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Golub2012,
author = {Golub, a. a. and Henderson, B. B. and Hertel, T. W. and Gerber, P. J. and Rose, S. K. and Sohngen, B.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1108772109},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Golub et al. - 2012 - Global climate policy impacts on livestock, land use, livelihoods, and food security.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424
1091-6490},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {52},
pmid = {23019587},
title = {{Global climate policy impacts on livestock, land use, livelihoods, and food security}},
volume = {110},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Herrero2013,
abstract = {We present a unique, biologically consistent, spatially disaggregated global livestock dataset containing information on biomass use, production, feed efficiency, excretion, and greenhouse gas emissions for 28 regions, 8 livestock production systems, 4 animal species (cattle, small ruminants, pigs, and poultry), and 3 livestock products (milk, meat, and eggs). The dataset contains over 50 new global maps containing high-resolution information for understanding the multiple roles (biophysical, economic, social) that livestock can play in different parts of the world. The dataset highlights: (i) feed efficiency as a key driver of productivity, resource use, and greenhouse gas emission intensities, with vast differences between production systems and animal products; (ii) the importance of grasslands as a global resource, supplying almost 50\% of biomass for animals while continuing to be at the epicentre of land conversion processes; and (iii) the importance of mixed crop–livestock systems, producing the greater part of animal production (over 60\%) in both the developed and the developing world. These data provide critical information for developing targeted, sustainable solutions for the livestock sector and its widely ranging contribution to the global food system.},
author = {Herrero, Mario and Havl\'{\i}k, Petr and Valin, Hugo and Notenbaert, An and Rufino, Mariana C and Thornton, Philip K and Bl\"{u}mmel, Michael and Weiss, Franz and Grace, Delia and Obersteiner, Michael},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1308149110},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Herrero et al. - 2013 - Biomass use, production, feed efficiencies, and greenhouse gas emissions from global livestock systems.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Agriculture,Agriculture: methods,Agriculture: statistics \& numerical data,Animals,Biological,Biomass,Eggs,Eggs: statistics \& numerical data,Geographic Mapping,Greenhouse Effect,Livestock,Livestock: metabolism,Livestock: physiology,Meat,Meat: statistics \& numerical data,Methane,Methane: metabolism,Milk,Milk: statistics \& numerical data,Models,Poultry,Poultry: metabolism,Poultry: physiology,Species Specificity},
number = {52},
pages = {20888--93},
pmid = {24344273},
title = {{Biomass use, production, feed efficiencies, and greenhouse gas emissions from global livestock systems.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3876224\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {110},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Willems2012,
author = {Willems, Jaap and Ru, Mariana C and Stehfest, Elke},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1206191109},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Willems, Ru, Stehfest - 2012 - Correction for Bouwman et al., Exploring global changes in nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in agriculture.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {52},
title = {{Correction for Bouwman et al., Exploring global changes in nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in agriculture induced by livestock production over the 1900-2050 period}},
volume = {110},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Naylor2009,
author = {Naylor, Rosamond L and Hardy, Ronald W and Bureau, Dominique P and Chiu, Alice and Elliott, Matthew and Farrell, Anthony P and Forster, Ian and Gatlin, Delbert M and Goldburg, Rebecca J and Hua, Katheline and Nichols, Peter D},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0910577106},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Naylor et al. - 2009 - Feeding aquaculture in an era of finite resources.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {36},
pages = {15103--15110},
title = {{Feeding aquaculture in an era of finite resources}},
volume = {106},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Arrieta2010,
abstract = {The marine realm represents 70\% of the surface of the biosphere and contains a rich variety of organisms, including more than 34 of the 36 living phyla, some of which are only found in the oceans. The number of marine species used by humans is growing at unprecedented rates, including the rapid domestication of marine species for aquaculture and the discovery of natural products and genes of medical and biotechnological interest in marine biota. The rapid growth in the human appropriation of marine genetic resources (MGRs), with over 18,000 natural products and 4,900 patents associated with genes of marine organisms, with the latter growing at 12\% per year, demonstrates that the use of MGRs is no longer a vision but a growing source of biotechnological and business opportunities. The diversification of the use of marine living resources by humans calls for an urgent revision of the goals and policies of marine protected areas, to include the protection of MGRs and address emerging issues like biopiracy or benefit sharing. Specific challenges are the protection of these valuable resources in international waters, where no universally accepted legal framework exists to protect and regulate the exploitation of MGRs, and the unresolved issues on patenting components of marine life. Implementing steps toward the protection of MGRs is essential to ensure their sustainable use and to support the flow of future findings of medical and biotechnological interest.},
author = {Arrieta, Jes\'{u}s M and Arnaud-Haond, Sophie and Duarte, Carlos M},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0911897107},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Arrieta, Arnaud-Haond, Duarte - 2010 - What lies underneath conserving the oceans' genetic resources.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1091-6490},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {43},
pages = {18318--18324},
pmid = {20837523},
title = {{What lies underneath: conserving the oceans' genetic resources.}},
volume = {107},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Morgan2014,
abstract = {The elicitation of scientific and technical judgments from experts, in the form of subjective probability distributions, can be a valuable addition to other forms of evidence in support of public policy decision making. This paper explores when it is sensible to perform such elicitation and how that can best be done. A number of key issues are discussed, including topics on which there are, and are not, experts who have knowledge that provides a basis for making informed predictive judgments; the inadequacy of only using qualitative uncertainty language; the role of cognitive heuristics and of overconfidence; the choice of experts; the development, refinement, and iterative testing of elicitation protocols that are designed to help experts to consider systematically all relevant knowledge when they make their judgments; the treatment of uncertainty about model functional form; diversity of expert opinion; and when it does or does not make sense to combine judgments from different experts. Although it may be tempting to view expert elicitation as a low-cost, low-effort alternative to conducting serious research and analysis, it is neither. Rather, expert elicitation should build on and use the best available research and analysis and be undertaken only when, given those, the state of knowledge will remain insufficient to support timely informed assessment and decision making.},
author = {Morgan, M Granger},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1319946111},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Morgan - 2014 - Use (and abuse) of expert elicitation in support of decision making for public policy.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Climate Change,Decision Making,Environmental Exposure,Environmental Health,Environmental Health: methods,Environmental Pollutants,Environmental Pollutants: analysis,Expert Testimony,Humans,Probability,Public Policy,Software,United States},
number = {20},
pages = {7176--84},
pmid = {24821779},
title = {{Use (and abuse) of expert elicitation in support of decision making for public policy.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24821779},
volume = {111},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Kates2012,
abstract = {All human-environment systems adapt to climate and its natural variation. Adaptation to human-induced change in climate has largely been envisioned as increments of these adaptations intended to avoid disruptions of systems at their current locations. In some places, for some systems, however, vulnerabilities and risks may be so sizeable that they require transformational rather than incremental adaptations. Three classes of transformational adaptations are those that are adopted at a much larger scale, that are truly new to a particular region or resource system, and that transform places and shift locations. We illustrate these with examples drawn from Africa, Europe, and North America. Two conditions set the stage for transformational adaptation to climate change: large vulnerability in certain regions, populations, or resource systems; and severe climate change that overwhelms even robust human use systems. However, anticipatory transformational adaptation may be difficult to implement because of uncertainties about climate change risks and adaptation benefits, the high costs of transformational actions, and institutional and behavioral actions that tend to maintain existing resource systems and policies. Implementing transformational adaptation requires effort to initiate it and then to sustain the effort over time. In initiating transformational adaptation focusing events and multiple stresses are important, combined with local leadership. In sustaining transformational adaptation, it seems likely that supportive social contexts and the availability of acceptable options and resources for actions are key enabling factors. Early steps would include incorporating transformation adaptation into risk management and initiating research to expand the menu of innovative transformational adaptations.},
author = {Kates, R. W. and Travis, W. R. and Wilbanks, T. J.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1115521109},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Kates, Travis, Wilbanks - 2012 - Transformational adaptation when incremental adaptations to climate change are insufficient.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {19},
pages = {7156--7161},
pmid = {22509036},
title = {{Transformational adaptation when incremental adaptations to climate change are insufficient}},
volume = {109},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Perry2011,
abstract = {We review the global dynamics of livestock disease over the last two decades. Our imperfect ability to detect and report disease hinders assessment of trends, but we suggest that, although endemic diseases continue their historic decline in wealthy countries, poor countries experience static or deteriorating animal health and epidemic diseases show both regression and expansion. At a mesolevel, disease is changing in terms of space and host, which is illustrated by bluetongue, Lyme disease, and West Nile virus, and it is also emerging, as illustrated by highly pathogenic avian influenza and others. Major proximate drivers of change in disease dynamics include ecosystem change, ecosystem incursion, and movements of people and animals; underlying these are demographic change and an increasing demand for livestock products. We identify three trajectories of global disease dynamics: (i) the worried well in developed countries (demanding less risk while broadening the circle of moral concern), (ii) the intensifying and market-orientated systems of many developing countries, where highly complex disease patterns create hot spots for disease shifts, and (iii) the neglected cold spots in poor countries, where rapid change in disease dynamics is less likely but smallholders and pastoralists continue to struggle with largely preventable and curable livestock diseases.},
author = {Perry, B. D. and Grace, D. and Sones, K.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1012953108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Perry, Grace, Sones - 2011 - Livestock and Global Change Special Feature Current drivers and future directions of global livestock disea.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1091-6490 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0027-8424 (Linking)},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {52},
pages = {20871--20877},
pmid = {21576468},
title = {{Livestock and Global Change Special Feature: Current drivers and future directions of global livestock disease dynamics}},
volume = {110},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Cowling2008,
abstract = {Research on ecosystem services has grown markedly in recent years. However, few studies are embedded in a social process designed to ensure effective management of ecosystem services. Most research has focused only on biophysical and valuation assessments of putative services. As a mission-oriented discipline, ecosystem service research should be user-inspired and user-useful, which will require that researchers respond to stakeholder needs from the outset and collaborate with them in strategy development and implementation. Here we provide a pragmatic operational model for achieving the safeguarding of ecosystem services. The model comprises three phases: assessment, planning, and management. Outcomes of social, biophysical, and valuation assessments are used to identify opportunities and constraints for implementation. The latter then are transformed into user-friendly products to identify, with stakeholders, strategic objectives for implementation (the planning phase). The management phase undertakes and coordinates actions that achieve the protection of ecosystem services and ensure the flow of these services to beneficiaries. This outcome is achieved via mainstreaming, or incorporating the safeguarding of ecosystem services into the policies and practices of sectors that deal with land- and water-use planning. Management needs to be adaptive and should be institutionalized in a suite of learning organizations that are representative of the sectors that are concerned with decision-making and planning. By following the phases of our operational model, projects for safeguarding ecosystem services are likely to empower stakeholders to implement effective on-the-ground management that will achieve resilience of the corresponding social-ecological systems.},
author = {Cowling, Richard M and Egoh, Benis and Knight, Andrew T and O'Farrell, Patrick J and Reyers, Belinda and Rouget, Mathieu and Roux, Dirk J and Welz, Adam and Wilhelm-Rechman, Angelika},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0706559105},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Cowling et al. - 2008 - An operational model for mainstreaming ecosystem services for implementation.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {28},
pages = {9483--9488},
pmid = {18621695},
title = {{An operational model for mainstreaming ecosystem services for implementation.}},
volume = {105},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Kates2007,
abstract = {When we began to put together this special feature on poverty and sustainability science, we sought significant science-based research and perspectives on poverty worldwide. However, the six articles that have emerged from a lengthy solicitation, preparation, and review process, with one exception, all focus on sub-Saharan Africa. The exception, the absolute poverty measures for the developing world by Chen and Ravallion (1), serve to provide the latest evidence for an African exceptionalism that dominates the development needs of today. Briefly stated, all developing country regions have shown marked improvement in key indicators of poverty, health, economy, and food, except for sub-Saharan Africa. For poverty, the global number of people living below the extreme poverty line of \$1 per day decreased between 1981 and 2004 from 1,470 million to 969 million. The percentage of extremely poor fell from 40\% to 18\%. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, the numbers almost doubled from 168 million to 298 million, and the percentage stayed almost constant from 42\% to 41\% (1). For health, the life expectancy at birth in sub-Saharan Africa peaked in 1990 at 50 years but has since declined to 46 years, while steadily rising in all developing country regions to an average of 65 years (2). Over the period 1960–2000, sub-Saharan Africa's per capita measure of annual economic growth (gross domestic product) was a mere 0.1\%, whereas other developing country regions experienced accelerated growth averaging 3.6\% (3). Food production per capita grew by 2.3\% per year between 1980 and 2000 in Asia, grew by 0.9\% in Latin America, and declined by 0.01\% in tropical Africa (4). },
author = {Kates, Robert W and Dasgupta, Partha},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0708566104},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Kates, Dasgupta - 2007 - African poverty a grand challenge for sustainability science.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {43},
pages = {16747--16750},
pmid = {17942667},
title = {{African poverty: a grand challenge for sustainability science.}},
volume = {104},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Naidoo2008,
abstract = {Global efforts to conserve biodiversity have the potential to deliver economic benefits to people (i.e., "ecosystem services"). However, regions for which conservation benefits both biodiversity and ecosystem services cannot be identified unless ecosystem services can be quantified and valued and their areas of production mapped. Here we review the theory, data, and analyses needed to produce such maps and find that data availability allows us to quantify imperfect global proxies for only four ecosystem services. Using this incomplete set as an illustration, we compare ecosystem service maps with the global distributions of conventional targets for biodiversity conservation. Our preliminary results show that regions selected to maximize biodiversity provide no more ecosystem services than regions chosen randomly. Furthermore, spatial concordance among different services, and between ecosystem services and established conservation priorities, varies widely. Despite this lack of general concordance, "win-win" areas-regions important for both ecosystem services and biodiversity-can be usefully identified, both among ecoregions and at finer scales within them. An ambitious interdisciplinary research effort is needed to move beyond these preliminary and illustrative analyses to fully assess synergies and trade-offs in conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services.},
author = {Naidoo, R and Balmford, A and Costanza, R and Fisher, B and Green, R E and Lehner, B and Malcolm, T R and Ricketts, T H},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0707823105},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Naidoo et al. - 2008 - Global mapping of ecosystem services and conservation priorities.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {28},
pages = {9495--9500},
pmid = {18621701},
title = {{Global mapping of ecosystem services and conservation priorities.}},
volume = {105},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Hyden2007,
abstract = {A careful review of the literature in political science and neighboring social science disciplines shows that prevailing assumptions in the international development policy community about improved governance as a principal mechanism to reduce poverty in Africa rests more on faith than science. Conventional policy models for tackling poverty fail to take into account the peculiar socioeconomic and political conditions in Africa, where the vast majority of those living on one dollar a day or less are only marginally captured by market and state institutions and instead rely on solving their problems "outside the system." Poverty reduction through formal institutions therefore becomes ineffective. Although political science and other neighboring social science disciplines offer insights into these peculiarities, these contributions have been largely ignored to date. One reason is that economists continue to dominate the international development policy agenda. Another is that political scientists have typically looked at how economic variables shape political ones, rather than the other way around, as implied in the current governance agenda. Governance remains an undertheorized area of research held back by two chasms, one between economists and other social scientists and another between the scientific and the policy communities, to the detriment of gaining a better understanding of how it may help reduce poverty in Africa.},
author = {Hyden, Goran},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0700696104},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Hyden - 2007 - Governance and poverty reduction in Africa.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {00278424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {43},
pages = {16751--16756},
pmid = {17942700},
title = {{Governance and poverty reduction in Africa.}},
volume = {104},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Chen2007,
abstract = {We report new estimates of measures of absolute poverty for the developing world for the period 1981-2004. A clear trend decline in the percentage of people who are absolutely poor is evident, although with uneven progress across regions. We find more mixed success in reducing the total number of poor. Indeed, the developing world outside China has seen little or no sustained progress in reducing the number of poor, with rising poverty counts in some regions, notably sub-Saharan Africa. There are encouraging signs of progress in all regions after 2000, although it is too early to say whether this is a new trend. We also summarize results from estimating a new series incorporating an allowance for the higher cost of living facing poor people in urban areas. This reveals a marked urbanization of poverty in the developing world, which is stronger in some regions than others, although it remains that three-quarters of the poor live in rural areas.},
author = {Chen, Shaohua and Ravallion, Martin},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0702930104},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Chen, Ravallion - 2007 - Absolute poverty measures for the developing world, 1981-2004.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {00278424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {43},
pages = {16757--16762},
pmid = {17942698},
title = {{Absolute poverty measures for the developing world, 1981-2004.}},
volume = {104},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Maler2008,
abstract = {Millennium Ecosystem Assessment documented the importance of ecosystem services. It is therefore important that these services are included in our economic accounts (Standard National Accounts), as long as we believe that these accounts should tell us something about our wellbeing. This requires measures of the ecosystem assets and their accounting prices. This article discusses how the concept of inclusive wealth can be exploited for creating such accounts.},
author = {M\"{a}ler, Karl-G\"{o}ran and Aniyar, Sara and Jansson, Asa},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0708856105},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/M\"{a}ler, Aniyar, Jansson - 2008 - Accounting for ecosystem services as a way to understand the requirements for sustainable development.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1091-6490 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0027-8424 (Linking)},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {28},
pages = {9501--9506},
pmid = {18621699},
title = {{Accounting for ecosystem services as a way to understand the requirements for sustainable development.}},
volume = {105},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Olsson2008,
abstract = {We analyze the strategies and actions that enable transitions toward ecosystem-based management using the recent governance changes of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park as a case study. The interplay among individual actors, organizations, and institutions at multiple levels is central in such transitions. A flexible organization, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, was crucial in initiating the transition to ecosystem-based management. This agency was also instrumental in the subsequent transformation of the governance regime and provided leadership throughout the process. Strategies involved internal reorganization and management innovation, leading to an ability to coordinate the scientific community, to increase public awareness of environmental issues and problems, to involve a broader set of stakeholders, and to maneuver the political system for support at critical times. The transformation process was induced by increased pressure on the Great Barrier Reef (from terrestrial runoff, overharvesting, and global warming) that triggered a new sense of urgency to address these challenges. The focus of governance shifted from protection of selected individual reefs to stewardship of the larger-scale seascape. The study emphasizes the significance of stewardship that can change patterns of interactions among key actors and allow for new forms of management and governance to emerge in response to environmental change. This example illustrates that enabling legislations or other social bounds are essential, but not sufficient for shifting governance toward adaptive comanagement of complex marine ecosystems.},
author = {Olsson, Per and Folke, Carl and Hughes, Terry P},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0706905105},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Olsson, Folke, Hughes - 2008 - Navigating the transition to ecosystem-based management of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0706905105},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {28},
pages = {9489--9494},
pmid = {18621698},
title = {{Navigating the transition to ecosystem-based management of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia.}},
volume = {105},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Lewis2011,
abstract = {In the Luangwa Valley, Zambia, persistent poverty and hunger present linked challenges to rural development and biodiversity conservation. Both household coping strategies and larger-scale economic development efforts have caused severe natural resource degradation that limits future economic opportunities and endangers ecosystem services. A model based on a business infrastructure has been developed to promote and maintain sustainable agricultural and natural resource management practices, leading to direct and indirect conservation outcomes. The Community Markets for Conservation (COMACO) model operates primarily with communities surrounding national parks, strengthening conservation benefits produced by these protected areas. COMACO first identifies the least food-secure households and trains them in sustainable agricultural practices that minimize threats to natural resources while meeting household needs. In addition, COMACO identifies people responsible for severe natural resource depletion and trains them to generate alternative income sources. In an effort to maintain compliance with these practices, COMACO provides extension support and access to high-value markets that would otherwise be inaccessible to participants. Because the model is continually evolving via adaptive management, success or failure of the model as a whole is difficult to quantify at this early stage. We therefore test specific hypotheses and present data documenting the stabilization of previously declining wildlife populations; the meeting of thresholds of productivity that give COMACO access to stable, high-value markets and progress toward economic self-sufficiency; and the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices by participants and other community members. Together, these findings describe a unique, business-oriented model for poverty alleviation, food production, and biodiversity conservation.},
author = {Lewis, Dale and Bell, Samuel D and Fay, John and Bothi, Kim L and Gatere, Lydiah and Kabila, Makando and Mukamba, Mwangala and Matokwani, Edwin and Mushimbalume, Matthews and Moraru, Carmen I and Lehmann, Johannes and Lassoie, James and Wolfe, David and Lee, David R and Buck, Louise and Travis, Alexander J},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1011538108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Lewis et al. - 2011 - Community Markets for Conservation (COMACO) links biodiversity conservation with sustainable improvements in livel.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1091-6490 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0027-8424 (Linking)},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {34},
pages = {13957--13962},
pmid = {21873184},
title = {{Community Markets for Conservation (COMACO) links biodiversity conservation with sustainable improvements in livelihoods and food production.}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Dickman2011,
abstract = {One of the greatest challenges in biodiversity conservation today is how to facilitate protection of species that are highly valued at a global scale but have little or even negative value at a local scale. Imperiled species such as large predators can impose significant economic costs at a local level, often in poverty-stricken rural areas where households are least able to tolerate such costs, and impede efforts of local people, especially traditional pastoralists, to escape from poverty. Furthermore, the costs and benefits involved in predator conservation often include diverse dimensions, which are hard to quantify and nearly impossible to reconcile with one another. The best chance of effective conservation relies upon translating the global value of carnivores into tangible local benefits large enough to drive conservation "on the ground." Although human-carnivore coexistence involves significant noneconomic values, providing financial incentives to those affected negatively by carnivore presence is a common strategy for encouraging such coexistence, and this can also have important benefits in terms of reducing poverty. Here, we provide a critical overview of such financial instruments, which we term "payments to encourage coexistence"; assess the pitfalls and potentials of these methods, particularly compensation and insurance, revenue-sharing, and conservation payments; and discuss how existing strategies of payment to encourage coexistence could be combined to facilitate carnivore conservation and alleviate local poverty.},
author = {Dickman, Amy J and Macdonald, Ewan a and Macdonald, David W},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1012972108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Dickman, Macdonald, Macdonald - 2011 - A review of financial instruments to pay for predator conservation and encourage human-carnivo(2).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {34},
pages = {13937--13944},
pmid = {21873181},
title = {{A review of financial instruments to pay for predator conservation and encourage human-carnivore coexistence.}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Okwi2007,
abstract = {This article investigates the link between poverty incidence and geographical conditions within rural locations in Kenya. Evidence from poverty maps for Kenya and other developing countries suggests that poverty and income distribution are not homogenous. We use spatial regression techniques to explore the effects of geographic factors on poverty. Slope, soil type, distance/travel time to public resources, elevation, type of land use, and demographic variables prove to be significant in explaining spatial patterns of poverty. However, differential influence of these and other factors at the location level shows that provinces in Kenya are highly heterogeneous; hence different spatial factors are important in explaining welfare levels in different areas within provinces, suggesting that targeted propoor policies are needed. Policy simulations are conducted to explore the impact of various interventions on location-level poverty levels. Investments in roads and improvements in soil fertility are shown to potentially reduce poverty rates, with differential impacts in different regions.},
author = {Okwi, Paul O and Ndeng'e, Godfrey and Kristjanson, Patti and Arunga, Mike and Notenbaert, An and Omolo, Abisalom and Henninger, Norbert and Benson, Todd and Kariuki, Patrick and Owuor, John},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0611107104},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Okwi et al. - 2007 - Spatial determinants of poverty in rural Kenya.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0611107104},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {43},
pages = {16769--16774},
pmid = {17942704},
title = {{Spatial determinants of poverty in rural Kenya.}},
volume = {104},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Sanchez2007,
abstract = {We describe the concept, strategy, and initial results of the Millennium Villages Project and implications regarding sustainability and scalability. Our underlying hypothesis is that the interacting crises of agriculture, health, and infrastructure in rural Africa can be overcome through targeted public-sector investments to raise rural productivity and, thereby, to increased private-sector saving and investments. This is carried out by empowering impoverished communities with science-based interventions. Seventy-eight Millennium Villages have been initiated in 12 sites in 10 African countries, each representing a major agro-ecological zone. In early results, the research villages in Kenya, Ethiopia, and Malawi have reduced malaria prevalence, met caloric requirements, generated crop surpluses, enabled school feeding programs, and provided cash earnings for farm families.},
author = {Sanchez, Pedro and Palm, Cheryl and Sachs, Jeffrey and Denning, Glenn and Flor, Rafael and Harawa, Rebbie and Jama, Bashir and Kiflemariam, Tsegazeab and Konecky, Bronwen and Kozar, Raffaela and Lelerai, Eliud and Malik, Alia and Modi, Vijay and Mutuo, Patrick and Niang, Amadou and Okoth, Herine and Place, Frank and Sachs, Sonia Ehrlich and Said, Amir and Siriri, David and Teklehaimanot, Awash and Wang, Karen and Wangila, Justine and Zamba, Colleen},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0700423104},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Sanchez et al. - 2007 - The African Millennium Villages.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {43},
pages = {16775--16780},
pmid = {17942701},
title = {{The African Millennium Villages.}},
volume = {104},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Mabogunje2007,
abstract = {An experiment in poverty reduction began in 1998 in the city of Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria (estimated 1999 population 163,000), where, without the remittances from relatives abroad, an estimated 90\% of the population lived below the poverty line of \$1.00 (U.S.) per person per day. Central to the experiment was whether poverty can be dramatically reduced through a city consultation process that seeks to mobilize the entire community along with its diaspora. With 7 years of experience, the Ijebu-Ode experiment has been successful in many ways. There is increasing evidence that poverty in the city has been reduced significantly through the microfinancing of existing and new productive activities and the estimated >8,000 jobs these activities have created. Training based on both sustainability science and technology and indigenous practitioner knowledge has been a critical factor in the establishment of cooperatives and the development of new enterprises in specialty crops, small animal, and fish production. Much of this success has been possible as a result of harnessing social capital, especially through the dynamic leadership of the traditional authorities of the city and by the provision of ample loanable funds through the National Poverty Eradication Program of the federal government. The city consultation process itself engendered a participatory focus to the experiment from the beginning and has encouraged sustainability. Yet long-term sustainability is still in question as the initial leadership needs replacement, and credit, the heart of the experiment, lacks sufficient collateral.},
author = {Mabogunje, Akin L},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0704765104},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Mabogunje - 2007 - Tackling the African poverty trap the Ijebu-Ode experiment.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {43},
pages = {16781--16786},
pmid = {17942687},
title = {{Tackling the African "poverty trap": the Ijebu-Ode experiment.}},
volume = {104},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Ramanathan2010,
abstract = {At last, all the major emitters of greenhouse gases (GHGs) have agreed under the Copenhagen Accord that global average temperature increase should be kept below 2 degrees C. This study develops the criteria for limiting the warming below 2 degrees C, identifies the constraints imposed on policy makers, and explores available mitigation avenues. One important criterion is that the radiant energy added by human activities should not exceed 2.5 (range: 1.7-4) watts per square meter (Wm(-2)) of the Earth's surface. The blanket of man-made GHGs has already added 3 (range: 2.6-3.5) Wm(-2). Even if GHG emissions peak in 2015, the radiant energy barrier will be exceeded by 100\%, requiring simultaneous pursuit of three avenues: (i) reduce the rate of thickening of the blanket by stabilizing CO(2) concentration below 441 ppm during this century (a massive decarbonization of the energy sector is necessary to accomplish this Herculean task), (ii) ensure that air pollution laws that reduce the masking effect of cooling aerosols be made radiant energy-neutral by reductions in black carbon and ozone, and (iii) thin the blanket by reducing emissions of short-lived GHGs. Methane and hydrofluorocarbons emerge as the prime targets. These actions, even if we are restricted to available technologies for avenues ii and iii, can reduce the probability of exceeding the 2 degrees C barrier before 2050 to less than 10\%, and before 2100 to less than 50\%. With such actions, the four decades we have until 2050 should be exploited to develop and scale-up revolutionary technologies to restrict the warming to less than 1.5 degrees C.},
author = {Ramanathan, Veerabhadran and Xu, Yangyang},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1002293107},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Ramanathan, Xu - 2010 - The Copenhagen Accord for limiting global warming criteria, constraints, and available avenues.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {18},
pages = {8055--8062},
pmid = {20439712},
title = {{The Copenhagen Accord for limiting global warming: criteria, constraints, and available avenues.}},
volume = {107},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Collier2007,
abstract = {Poverty in Africa has been rising for the last quarter-century, while it has been falling in the rest of the developing world. Africa's distinctive problem is that its economies have not been growing. This article attempts to synthesize a range of recent research to account for this failure of the growth process. I argue that the reasons lie not in African peculiarities but rather in geographic features that globally cause problems but that are disproportionately pronounced in Africa. These features interact to create three distinct challenges that are likely to require international interventions beyond the conventional reliance on aid.},
author = {Collier, Paul},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0611702104},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Collier - 2007 - Poverty reduction in Africa.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {00278424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {43},
pages = {16763--16768},
pmid = {17942702},
title = {{Poverty reduction in Africa.}},
volume = {104},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Turner2003a,
abstract = {The vulnerability framework of the Research and Assessment Systems for Sustainability Program explicitly recognizes the coupled human-environment system and accounts for interactions in the coupling affecting the system's responses to hazards and its vulnerability. This paper illustrates the usefulness of the vulnerability framework through three case studies: the tropical southern Yucat\'{a}n, the arid Yaqui Valley of northwest Mexico, and the pan-Arctic. Together, these examples illustrate the role of external forces in reshaping the systems in question and their vulnerability to environmental hazards, as well as the different capacities of stakeholders, based on their access to social and biophysical capital, to respond to the changes and hazards. The framework proves useful in directing attention to the interacting parts of the coupled system and helps identify gaps in information and understanding relevant to reducing vulnerability in the systems as a whole.},
author = {Turner, B L and Matson, Pamela a and McCarthy, James J and Corell, Robert W and Christensen, Lindsey and Eckley, Noelle and Hovelsrud-Broda, Grete K and Kasperson, Jeanne X and Kasperson, Roger E and Luers, Amy and Martello, Marybeth L and Mathiesen, Svein and Naylor, Rosamond and Polsky, Colin and Pulsipher, Alexander and Schiller, Andrew and Selin, Henrik and Tyler, Nicholas},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1231334100},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Turner et al. - 2003 - Illustrating the coupled human-environment system for vulnerability analysis three case studies.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {00278424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {14},
pages = {8080--8085},
pmid = {12815106},
title = {{Illustrating the coupled human-environment system for vulnerability analysis: three case studies.}},
volume = {100},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Liu2008,
abstract = {To address devastating environmental crises and to improve human well-being, China has been implementing a number of national policies on payments for ecosystem services. Two of them, the Natural Forest Conservation Program (NFCP) and the Grain to Green Program (GTGP), are among the biggest programs in the world because of their ambitious goals, massive scales, huge payments, and potentially enormous impacts. The NFCP conserves natural forests through logging bans and afforestation with incentives to forest enterprises, whereas the GTGP converts cropland on steep slopes to forest and grassland by providing farmers with grain and cash subsidies. Overall ecological effects are beneficial, and socioeconomic effects are mostly positive. Whereas there are time lags in ecological effects, socioeconomic effects are more immediate. Both the NFCP and the GTGP also have global implications because they increase vegetative cover, enhance carbon sequestration, and reduce dust to other countries by controlling soil erosion. The future impacts of these programs may be even bigger. Extended payments for the GTGP have recently been approved by the central government for up to 8 years. The NFCP is likely to follow suit and receive renewed payments. To make these programs more effective, we recommend systematic planning, diversified funding, effective compensation, integrated research, and comprehensive monitoring. Effective implementation of these programs can also provide important experiences and lessons for other ecosystem service payment programs in China and many other parts of the world.},
author = {Liu, Jianguo and Li, Shuxin and Ouyang, Zhiyun and Tam, Christine and Chen, Xiaodong},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0706436105},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Liu et al. - 2008 - Ecological and socioeconomic effects of China's policies for ecosystem services.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0706436105},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {28},
pages = {9477--9482},
pmid = {18621700},
title = {{Ecological and socioeconomic effects of China's policies for ecosystem services.}},
volume = {105},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Nelson2008a,
abstract = {We develop an integrated model to predict private land-use decisions in response to policy incentives designed to increase the provision of carbon sequestration and species conservation across heterogeneous landscapes. Using data from the Willamette Basin, Oregon, we compare the provision of carbon sequestration and species conservation under five simple policies that offer payments for conservation. We evaluate policy performance compared with the maximum feasible combinations of carbon sequestration and species conservation on the landscape for various conservation budgets. None of the conservation payment policies produce increases in carbon sequestration and species conservation that approach the maximum potential gains on the landscape. Our results show that policies aimed at increasing the provision of carbon sequestration do not necessarily increase species conservation and that highly targeted policies do not necessarily do as well as more general policies.},
author = {Nelson, Erik and Polasky, Stephen and Lewis, David J and Plantinga, Andrew J and Lonsdorf, Eric and White, Denis and Bael, David and Lawler, Joshua J},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0706178105},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Nelson et al. - 2008 - Efficiency of incentives to jointly increase carbon sequestration and species conservation on a landscape.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {28},
pages = {9471--9476},
pmid = {18621703},
title = {{Efficiency of incentives to jointly increase carbon sequestration and species conservation on a landscape.}},
volume = {105},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Daily2008,
abstract = {Around the world, leaders are increasingly recognizing ecosystems as natural capital assets that supply life-support services of tremendous value. The challenge is to turn this recognition into incentives and institutions that will guide wise investments in natural capital, on a large scale. Advances are required on three key fronts, each featured here: the science of ecosystem production functions and service mapping; the design of appropriate finance, policy, and governance systems; and the art of implementing these in diverse biophysical and social contexts. Scientific understanding of ecosystem production functions is improving rapidly but remains a limiting factor in incorporating natural capital into decisions, via systems of national accounting and other mechanisms. Novel institutional structures are being established for a broad array of services and places, creating a need and opportunity for systematic assessment of their scope and limitations. Finally, it is clear that formal sharing of experience, and defining of priorities for future work, could greatly accelerate the rate of innovation and uptake of new approaches.},
author = {Daily, Gretchen C and Matson, Pamela a},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0804960105},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Daily, Matson - 2008 - Ecosystem services from theory to implementation.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {28},
pages = {9455--9456},
pmid = {18621697},
title = {{Ecosystem services: from theory to implementation.}},
volume = {105},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Tallis2008,
author = {Tallis, Heather and Kareiva, Peter and Marvier, Michelle and Chang, Amy},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Tallis et al. - 2008 - An ecosystem services framework to support both practical conservation and economic development.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {28},
pages = {9457--9464},
title = {{An ecosystem services framework to support both practical conservation and economic development}},
volume = {105},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Humphreys2005,
abstract = {The interpretation of the resource-conflict link that has become most publicizedthe rebel greed hypothesisdepends on just one of many plausible mechanisms that could underlie a relationship between resource dependence and violence. The author catalogues a large range of rival possible mechanisms, highlights a set of techniques that may be used to identify these mechanisms, and begins to employ these techniques to distinguish between rival accounts of the resource-conflict linkages. The author uses finer natural resource data than has been used in the past, gathering and presenting new data on oil and diamonds production and on oil stocks. The author finds evidence that (1) conflict onset is more responsive to the impacts of past natural resource production than to the potential for future production, supporting a weak states mechanism rather than a rebel greed mechanism; (2) the impact of natural resources on conflict cannot easily be attributed entirely to the weak states mechanism, and in particular, the impact of natural resources is independent of state strength; (3) the link between primary commodities and conflict is driven in part by agricultural dependence rather than by natural resources more narrowly defined, a finding consistent with a sparse networks mechanism; (4) natural resources are associated with shorter wars, and natural resource wars are more likely to end with military victory for one side than other wars. This is consistent with evidence that external actors have incentives towork to bringwars to a close when natural resource supplies are threatened. The author finds no evidence that resources are associated with particular difficulties in negotiating ends to conflicts, contrary to arguments that loot-seeking rebels aim to prolong wars.},
author = {Humphreys, M.},
doi = {10.1177/0022002705277545},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Humphreys - 2005 - Natural Resources, Conflict, and Conflict Resolution Uncovering the Mechanisms.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {00220027},
issn = {0022-0027},
journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
keywords = {civil war,resource dependence,resource-conflict link},
number = {4},
pages = {508--537},
pmid = {10532655},
title = {{Natural Resources, Conflict, and Conflict Resolution: Uncovering the Mechanisms}},
volume = {49},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Koh2010,
abstract = {Palm oil is the world's most important vegetable oil in terms of production quantity. Indonesia, the world's largest palm-oil producer, plans to double its production by 2020, with unclear implications for the other national priorities of food (rice) production, forest and biodiversity protection, and carbon conservation. We modeled the outcomes of alternative development scenarios and show that every single-priority scenario had substantial tradeoffs associated with other priorities. The exception was a hybrid approach wherein expansion targeted degraded and agricultural lands that are most productive for oil palm, least suitable for food cultivation, and contain the lowest carbon stocks. This approach avoided any loss in forest or biodiversity and substantially ameliorated the impacts of oil-palm expansion on carbon stocks (limiting net loss to 191.6 million tons) and annual food production capacity (loss of 1.9 million tons). Our results suggest that the environmental and land-use tradeoffs associated with oil-palm expansion can be largely avoided through the implementation of a properly planned and spatially explicit development strategy.},
author = {Koh, Lian Pin and Ghazoul, Jaboury},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1012681107},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Koh, Ghazoul - 2010 - Spatially explicit scenario analysis for reconciling agricultural expansion, forest protection, and carbon conserv.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {24},
pages = {11140--11144},
pmid = {20511535},
title = {{Spatially explicit scenario analysis for reconciling agricultural expansion, forest protection, and carbon conservation in Indonesia.}},
volume = {107},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Sutton2010,
author = {Sutton, Alexandra E and Dohn, Justin and Loyd, Kara and Tredennick, Andrew and Bucini, Gabriela and Sol\'{o}rzano, Alexandro and Prihodko, Lara and Hanan, Niall P},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1005278107},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Sutton et al. - 2010 - Does warming increase the risk of civil war in Africa.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1091-6490 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0027-8424 (Linking)},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {25},
pages = {E102; author reply E103},
pmid = {20538978},
title = {{Does warming increase the risk of civil war in Africa?}},
volume = {107},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Frederick2011,
author = {Frederick, Shane W and Meyer, Andrew B and Mochon, Daniel},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1014806108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Frederick, Meyer, Mochon - 2011 - Characterizing perceptions of energy consumption.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {8},
pages = {E23; author reply E24},
pmid = {21285366},
title = {{Characterizing perceptions of energy consumption.}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Essl2011a,
abstract = {Globalization and economic growth are widely recognized as important drivers of biological invasions. Consequently, there is an increasing need for governments to address the role of international trade in their strategies to prevent species introductions. However, many of the most problematic alien species are not recent arrivals but were introduced several decades ago. Hence, current patterns of alien-species richness may better reflect historical rather than contemporary human activities, a phenomenon which might be called "invasion debt." Here, we show that across 10 taxonomic groups (vascular plants, bryophytes, fungi, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, terrestrial insects, and aquatic invertebrates) in 28 European countries, current numbers of alien species established in the wild are indeed more closely related to indicators of socioeconomic activity from the year 1900 than to those from 2000, although the majority of species introductions occurred during the second half of the 20th century. The strength of the historical signal varies among taxonomic groups, with those possessing good capabilities for dispersal (birds, insects) more strongly associated with recent socioeconomic drivers. Nevertheless, our results suggest a considerable historical legacy for the majority of the taxa analyzed. The consequences of the current high levels of socioeconomic activity on the extent of biological invasions will thus probably not be completely realized until several decades into the future.},
author = {Essl, Franz and Dullinger, Stefan and Rabitsch, Wolfgang and Hulme, Philip E and H\"{u}lber, Karl and Jaro\v{s}\'{\i}k, Vojt\v{e}ch and Kleinbauer, Ingrid and Krausmann, Fridolin and K\"{u}hn, Ingolf and Nentwig, Wolfgang and Vil\`{a}, Montserrat and Genovesi, Piero and Gherardi, Francesca and Desprez-Loustau, Marie-Laure and Roques, Alain and Py\v{s}ek, Petr},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1011728108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Essl et al. - 2011 - Socioeconomic legacy yields an invasion debt.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1091-6490 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0027-8424 (Linking)},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {1},
pages = {203--207},
pmid = {21173227},
title = {{Socioeconomic legacy yields an invasion debt.}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Ternstrom2010,
author = {Ternstr\"{o}m, Ingela and Mukhopadhyay, Pranab and Ghate, Rucha},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1000051107},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Ternstr\"{o}m, Mukhopadhyay, Ghate - 2010 - Sustainability, autonomy, and benefits from forest commons.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {14},
pages = {E52; author reply E53},
pmid = {20356828},
title = {{Sustainability, autonomy, and benefits from forest commons.}},
volume = {107},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Sloan2010,
author = {Sloan, Sean and Stork, Nigel},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1012026107},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Sloan, Stork - 2010 - Geography and Indonesian oil-palm expansion.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {45},
pages = {E171; author reply E172},
pmid = {20930121},
title = {{Geography and Indonesian oil-palm expansion.}},
volume = {107},
year = {2010}
}
@article{West2010,
abstract = {Expanding croplands to meet the needs of a growing population, changing diets, and biofuel production comes at the cost of reduced carbon stocks in natural vegetation and soils. Here, we present a spatially explicit global analysis of tradeoffs between carbon stocks and current crop yields. The difference among regions is striking. For example, for each unit of land cleared, the tropics lose nearly two times as much carbon (∼120 tons·ha(-1) vs. ∼63 tons·ha(-1)) and produce less than one-half the annual crop yield compared with temperate regions (1.71 tons·ha(-1)·y(-1) vs. 3.84 tons·ha(-1)·y(-1)). Therefore, newly cleared land in the tropics releases nearly 3 tons of carbon for every 1 ton of annual crop yield compared with a similar area cleared in the temperate zone. By factoring crop yield into the analysis, we specify the tradeoff between carbon stocks and crops for all areas where crops are currently grown and thereby, substantially enhance the spatial resolution relative to previous regional estimates. Particularly in the tropics, emphasis should be placed on increasing yields on existing croplands rather than clearing new lands. Our high-resolution approach can be used to determine the net effect of local land use decisions.},
author = {West, Paul C and Gibbs, Holly K and Monfreda, Chad and Wagner, John and Barford, Carol C and Carpenter, Stephen R and Foley, Jonathan a},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1011078107},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/West et al. - 2010 - Trading carbon for food global comparison of carbon stocks vs. crop yields on agricultural land.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {46},
pages = {19645--19648},
pmid = {21041633},
title = {{Trading carbon for food: global comparison of carbon stocks vs. crop yields on agricultural land.}},
volume = {107},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Diaz2011,
abstract = {Romero and Agrawal (1) question the usefulness of our framework to link functional diversity with social actor strategies (2), arguing that it oversimplifies the complexity of the social dimensions of socioecological systems. We agree on the crucial importance of such dimensions, and we repeatedly highlighted this in our article, as is obvious from figure 1, the text, and the examples. While focusing on functional diversity, ecosystem services, and their role in different social actor strategies, we situated these in a broader setting that can be analyzed with the tools and concepts of social sciences, including institutional analyses.Rather than replacing major...},
author = {Diaz, S. and Quetier, F. and Trainor, S. F. and Caceres, D. M.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1104742108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Diaz et al. - 2011 - Reply to Romero and Agrawal Unpacking the specific links between biodiversity, ecosystem services, and social diver.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {23},
pages = {E197--E197},
title = {{Reply to Romero and Agrawal: Unpacking the specific links between biodiversity, ecosystem services, and social diversity is an essential first step}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Lawler2014,
abstract = {Providing food, timber, energy, housing, and other goods and services, while maintaining ecosystem functions and biodiversity that underpin their sustainable supply, is one of the great challenges of our time. Understanding the drivers of land-use change and how policies can alter land-use change will be critical to meeting this challenge. Here we project land-use change in the contiguous United States to 2051 under two plausible baseline trajectories of economic conditions to illustrate how differences in underlying market forces can have large impacts on land-use with cascading effects on ecosystem services and wildlife habitat. We project a large increase in croplands (28.2 million ha) under a scenario with high crop demand mirroring conditions starting in 2007, compared with a loss of cropland (11.2 million ha) mirroring conditions in the 1990s. Projected land-use changes result in increases in carbon storage, timber production, food production from increased yields, and >10\% decreases in habitat for 25\% of modeled species. We also analyze policy alternatives designed to encourage forest cover and natural landscapes and reduce urban expansion. Although these policy scenarios modify baseline land-use patterns, they do not reverse powerful underlying trends. Policy interventions need to be aggressive to significantly alter underlying land-use change trends and shift the trajectory of ecosystem service provision.},
author = {Lawler, Joshua J and Lewis, David J and Nelson, Erik and Plantinga, Andrew J and Polasky, Stephen and Withey, John C and Helmers, David P and Martinuzzi, Sebasti\'{a}n and Pennington, Derric and Radeloff, Volker C},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1405557111},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Lawler et al. - 2014 - Projected land-use change impacts on ecosystem services in the United States.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {20},
pages = {7492--7},
pmid = {24799685},
title = {{Projected land-use change impacts on ecosystem services in the United States.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24799685},
volume = {111},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Hertel2014,
author = {Hertel, T. W. and Ramankutty, N. and Baldos, U. L. C.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1403543111},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Hertel, Ramankutty, Baldos - 2014 - Global market integration increases likelihood that a future African Green Revolution could increase.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {38},
pages = {13799--13804},
title = {{Global market integration increases likelihood that a future African Green Revolution could increase crop land use and CO2 emissions}},
url = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1403543111},
volume = {111},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Railsback2014,
abstract = {Global increases in both agriculture and biodiversity awareness raise a key question: Should cropland and biodiversity habitat be separated, or integrated in mixed land uses? Ecosystem services by wildlife make this question more complex. For example, birds benefit agriculture by preying on pest insects, but other habitat is needed to maintain the birds. Resulting land use questions include what areas and arrangements of habitat support sufficient birds to control pests, whether this pest control offsets the reduced cropland, and the comparative benefits of "land sharing" (i.e., mixed cropland and habitat) vs. "land sparing" (i.e., separate areas of intensive agriculture and habitat). Such questions are difficult to answer using field studies alone, so we use a simulation model of Jamaican coffee farms, where songbirds suppress the coffee berry borer (CBB). Simulated birds select habitat and prey in five habitat types: intact forest, trees (including forest fragments), shade coffee, sun coffee, and unsuitable habitat. The trees habitat type appears to be especially important, providing efficient foraging and roosting sites near coffee plots. Small areas of trees (but not forest alone) could support a sufficient number of birds to suppress CBB in sun coffee; the degree to which trees are dispersed within coffee had little effect. In simulations without trees, shade coffee supported sufficient birds to offset its lower yield. High areas of both trees and shade coffee reduced pest control because CBB was less often profitable prey. Because of the pest control service provided by birds, land sharing was predicted to be more beneficial than land sparing in this system.},
author = {Railsback, Steven F and Johnson, Matthew D},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1320957111},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Railsback, Johnson - 2014 - Effects of land use on bird populations and pest control services on coffee farms.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Agriculture,Animals,Birds,Birds: growth \& development,Calibration,Coffee,Coffee: growth \& development,Computer Simulation,Conservation of Natural Resources,Ecosystem,Pest Control,Population Dynamics},
number = {16},
pages = {6109--14},
pmid = {24711377},
title = {{Effects of land use on bird populations and pest control services on coffee farms.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24711377},
volume = {111},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Attari2010,
abstract = {In a national online survey, 505 participants reported their perceptions of energy consumption and savings for a variety of household, transportation, and recycling activities. When asked for the most effective strategy they could implement to conserve energy, most participants mentioned curtailment (e.g., turning off lights, driving less) rather than efficiency improvements (e.g., installing more efficient light bulbs and appliances), in contrast to experts’ recommendations. For a sample of 15 activities, participants underestimated energy use and savings by a factor of 2.8 on average, with small overestimates for low-energy activities and large underestimates for high-energy activities. Additional estimation and ranking tasks also yielded relatively flat functions for perceived energy use and savings. Across several tasks, participants with higher numeracy scores and stronger proenvironmental attitudes had more accurate perceptions. The serious deficiencies highlighted by these results suggest that well-designed efforts to improve the public's understanding of energy use and savings could pay large dividends.},
author = {Attari, Sz and DeKay, Ml and Davidson, Ci and {Bruine de Bruin}, W},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1001509107},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Attari et al. - 2010 - Public perception of energy consumption and savings.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {37},
pages = {16054--16059},
title = {{Public perception of energy consumption and savings}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1001509107},
volume = {107},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Chhatre2009,
abstract = {Forests provide multiple benefits at local to global scales. These include the global public good of carbon sequestration and local and national level contributions to livelihoods for more than half a billion users. Forest commons are a particularly important class of forests generating these multiple benefits. Institutional arrangements to govern forest commons are believed to substantially influence carbon storage and livelihood contributions, especially when they incorporate local knowledge and decentralized decision making. However, hypothesized relationships between institutional factors and multiple benefits have never been tested on data from multiple countries. By using original data on 80 forest commons in 10 countries across Asia, Africa, and Latin America, we show that larger forest size and greater rule-making autonomy at the local level are associated with high carbon storage and livelihood benefits; differences in ownership of forest commons are associated with trade-offs between livelihood benefits and carbon storage. We argue that local communities restrict their consumption of forest products when they own forest commons, thereby increasing carbon storage. In showing rule-making autonomy and ownership as distinct and important institutional influences on forest outcomes, our results are directly relevant to international climate change mitigation initiatives such as Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) and avoided deforestation. Transfer of ownership over larger forest commons patches to local communities, coupled with payments for improved carbon storage can contribute to climate change mitigation without adversely affecting local livelihoods.},
author = {Chhatre, Ashwini and Agrawal, Arun},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0905308106},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Chhatre, Agrawal - 2009 - Trade-offs and synergies between carbon storage and livelihood benefits from forest commons.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {42},
pages = {17667--17670},
pmid = {19815522},
title = {{Trade-offs and synergies between carbon storage and livelihood benefits from forest commons.}},
volume = {106},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Piontek2014,
abstract = {The impacts of global climate change on different aspects of humanity's diverse life-support systems are complex and often difficult to predict. To facilitate policy decisions on mitigation and adaptation strategies, it is necessary to understand, quantify, and synthesize these climate-change impacts, taking into account their uncertainties. Crucial to these decisions is an understanding of how impacts in different sectors overlap, as overlapping impacts increase exposure, lead to interactions of impacts, and are likely to raise adaptation pressure. As a first step we develop herein a framework to study coinciding impacts and identify regional exposure hotspots. This framework can then be used as a starting point for regional case studies on vulnerability and multifaceted adaptation strategies. We consider impacts related to water, agriculture, ecosystems, and malaria at different levels of global warming. Multisectoral overlap starts to be seen robustly at a mean global warming of 3 °C above the 1980-2010 mean, with 11\% of the world population subject to severe impacts in at least two of the four impact sectors at 4 °C. Despite these general conclusions, we find that uncertainty arising from the impact models is considerable, and larger than that from the climate models. In a low probability-high impact worst-case assessment, almost the whole inhabited world is at risk for multisectoral pressures. Hence, there is a pressing need for an increased research effort to develop a more comprehensive understanding of impacts, as well as for the development of policy measures under existing uncertainty.},
author = {Piontek, Franziska and M\"{u}ller, Christoph and Pugh, Thomas a M and Clark, Douglas B and Deryng, Delphine and Elliott, Joshua and {Col\'{o}n Gonz\'{a}lez}, Felipe De Jesus and Fl\"{o}rke, Martina and Folberth, Christian and Franssen, Wietse and Frieler, Katja and Friend, Andrew D and Gosling, Simon N and Hemming, Deborah and Khabarov, Nikolay and Kim, Hyungjun and Lomas, Mark R and Masaki, Yoshimitsu and Mengel, Matthias and Morse, Andrew and Neumann, Kathleen and Nishina, Kazuya and Ostberg, Sebastian and Pavlick, Ryan and Ruane, Alex C and Schewe, Jacob and Schmid, Erwin and Stacke, Tobias and Tang, Qiuhong and Tessler, Zachary D and Tompkins, Adrian M and Warszawski, Lila and Wisser, Dominik and Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1222471110},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Piontek et al. - 2014 - Multisectoral climate impact hotspots in a warming world.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Agriculture,Agriculture: statistics \& numerical data,Computer Simulation,Conservation of Natural Resources,Conservation of Natural Resources: methods,Ecosystem,Environment,Geography,Global Warming,Global Warming: economics,Global Warming: statistics \& numerical data,Humans,Malaria,Malaria: epidemiology,Models, Theoretical,Public Policy,Temperature,Water Supply,Water Supply: statistics \& numerical data},
number = {9},
pages = {3233--8},
pmid = {24344270},
title = {{Multisectoral climate impact hotspots in a warming world.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3948244\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {111},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Lybbert2011,
abstract = {Morocco's argan oil is now the most expensive edible oil in the world. High-value argan markets have sparked a bonanza of argan activity. Nongovernmental organizations, international and domestic development agencies, and argan oil cooperatives aggressively promote the win-win aim of simultaneously benefiting local people and the health of the argan forest. This paper tests some of these win-win claims. Analysis of a panel of detailed household data suggests that the boom has enabled some rural households to increase consumption, increase their goat herds (which bodes poorly for the argan forest), and send their girls to secondary school. The boom has predictably made households vigilant guardians of fruit on the tree, but it has not incited investments in longer term tree and forest health. We evaluate landscape-level impacts of these changes using commune-level data on educational enrollment and normalized difference vegetation index data over the period from 1981 to 2009. The results of the mesoanalysis of enrollment are consistent with the microanalysis: the argan boom seems to have improved educational outcomes, especially for girls. Our normalized difference vegetation index analysis, however, suggests that booming argan prices have not improved the forest and may have even induced degradation. We conclude by exploring the dynamic interactions between argan markets, local institutions, rural household welfare, and forest conservation and sustainability.},
author = {Lybbert, Travis J and Aboudrare, Abdellah and Chaloud, Deborah and Magnan, Nicholas and Nash, Maliha},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1106382108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Lybbert et al. - 2011 - Booming markets for Moroccan argan oil appear to benefit some rural households while threatening the endemic arg.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {34},
pages = {13963--13968},
pmid = {21873185},
title = {{Booming markets for Moroccan argan oil appear to benefit some rural households while threatening the endemic argan forest.}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Chantarat2011,
abstract = {This study explores the potential of index insurance as a mechanism to finance community-based biodiversity conservation in areas where a strong correlation exists between natural disaster risk, keystone species populations, and the well-being of the local population. We illustrate this potential using the case of hornbill conservation in the Budo-Sungai Padi rainforests of southern Thailand, using 16-y hornbill reproduction data and 5-y household expenditures data reflecting local economic well-being. We show that severe windstorms cause both lower household expenditures and critical nest tree losses that directly constrain nesting capacity and so reduce the number of hornbill chicks recruited in the following breeding season. Forest residents' coping strategies further disturb hornbills and their forest habitats, compounding windstorms' adverse effects on hornbills' recruitment in the following year. The strong statistical relationship between wind speed and both hornbill nest tree losses and household expenditures opens up an opportunity to design wind-based index insurance contracts that could both enhance hornbill conservation and support disaster-affected households in the region. We demonstrate how such contracts could be written and operationalized and then use simulations to show the significant promise of unique insurance-based approaches to address weather-related risk that threatens both biodiversity and poor populations.},
author = {Chantarat, Sommarat and Barrett, Christopher B and Janvilisri, Tavan and Mudsri, Sittichai and Niratisayakul, Chularat and Poonswad, Pilai},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1012291108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Chantarat et al. - 2011 - Index insurance for pro-poor conservation of hornbills in Thailand.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {34},
pages = {13951--13956},
pmid = {21873183},
title = {{Index insurance for pro-poor conservation of hornbills in Thailand.}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{McNally2011,
abstract = {Protected areas are used to sustain biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, protected areas can create tradeoffs spatially and temporally among ecosystem services, which can affect the welfare of dependent local communities. This study examines the effect of a protected area on the tradeoff between two extractive ecosystem services from mangrove forests: cutting mangroves (fuelwood) and harvesting the shrimp and fish that thrive if mangroves are not cut. We demonstrate the effect in the context of Saadani National Park (SANAPA) in Tanzania, where enforcement of prohibition of mangrove harvesting was strengthened to preserve biodiversity. Remote sensing data of mangrove cover over time are integrated with georeferenced household survey data in an econometric framework to identify the causal effect of mangrove protection on income components directly linked to mangrove ecosystem services. Our findings suggest that many households experienced an immediate loss in the consumption of mangrove firewood, with the loss most prevalent in richer households. However, all wealth classes appear to benefit from long-term sustainability gains in shrimping and fishing that result from mangrove protection. On average, we find that a 10\% increase in the mangrove cover within SANAPA boundaries in a 5-km(2) radius of the subvillage increases shrimping income by approximately twofold. The creation of SANAPA shifted the future trajectory of the area from one in which mangroves were experiencing uncontrolled cutting to one in which mangrove conservation is providing gains in income for the local villages as a result of the preservation of nursery habitat and biodiversity.},
author = {McNally, Catherine G and Uchida, Emi and Gold, Arthur J},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1101825108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/McNally, Uchida, Gold - 2011 - The effect of a protected area on the tradeoffs between short-run and long-run benefits from mangrove eco.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {34},
pages = {13945--13950},
pmid = {21873182},
title = {{The effect of a protected area on the tradeoffs between short-run and long-run benefits from mangrove ecosystems.}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Roopnarine2013,
abstract = {This paper develops mathematical models of the tragedy of the commons analogous to ecological models of resource consumption. Tragedies differ fundamentally from predator–prey relationships in nature because human consumers of a resource are rarely controlled solely by that resource. Tragedies do occur, however, at the level of the ecosystem, where multiple species interactions are involved. Human resource systems are converging rapidly toward ecosystem-type systems as the number of exploited resources increase, raising the probability of system-wide tragedies in the human world. Nevertheless, common interests exclusive of exploited commons provide feasible options for avoiding tragedy in a converged world.},
author = {Roopnarine, Peter},
doi = {10.3390/su5020749},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Roopnarine - 2013 - Ecology and the tragedy of the commons.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20711050},
journal = {Sustainability (Switzerland)},
keywords = {Ecological model,Ecosystems,Mathematical model,Mutualism,Tragedy of the commmons},
number = {2},
pages = {749--773},
title = {{Ecology and the tragedy of the commons}},
volume = {5},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Newton2014,
abstract = {It is widely recognised that for the green economy to develop successfully, new educational curricula will be required to help professionals develop appropriate knowledge and skills. Relatively few university courses have been developed to date that explicitly focus on the green economy, reflecting its recent origins. Here we present the lessons learned from developing and implementing a new Masters course in the green economy, at Bournemouth University in the UK. The most significant challenges were institutional barriers, such as different departmental policies and procedures and decentralised budget strategies, which inhibited the cross-departmental collaboration desired for interdisciplinarity. Uncertainty about the future development of the green economy and its value as a concept, among both teaching staff and prospective students, presented a further challenge. In addition, the development of an appropriate curriculum for green economy courses has received little attention previously. Here, we present an overview of the curriculum developed for this Masters-level course, and, based on our experience, we demonstrate how the challenges in developing such a course can successfully be overcome.},
author = {Newton, Adrian C. and Cantarello, Elena and Shiel, Chris and Hodder, Kathy},
doi = {10.3390/su6042118},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Newton et al. - 2014 - Lessons learned from developing a new distance-learning masters course in the green economy.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20711050},
journal = {Sustainability (Switzerland)},
keywords = {Distance learning,Education,MSc,Sustainability,Sustainable development},
number = {4},
pages = {2118--2132},
title = {{Lessons learned from developing a new distance-learning masters course in the green economy}},
volume = {6},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Ferraro2011,
abstract = {Protected areas are the dominant approach to protecting biodiversity and the supply of ecosystem services. Because these protected areas are often placed in regions with widespread poverty and because they can limit agricultural development and exploitation of natural resources, concerns have been raised about their potential to create or reinforce poverty traps. Previous studies suggest that the protected area systems in Costa Rica and Thailand, on average, reduced deforestation and alleviated poverty. We examine these results in more detail by characterizing the heterogeneity of responses to protection conditional on observable characteristics. We find no evidence that protected areas trap historically poorer areas in poverty. In fact, we find that poorer areas at baseline seem to have the greatest levels of poverty reduction as a result of protection. However, we do find that the spatial characteristics associated with the most poverty alleviation are not necessarily the characteristics associated with the most avoided deforestation. We show how an understanding of these spatially heterogeneous responses to protection can be used to generate suitability maps that identify locations in which both environmental and poverty alleviation goals are most likely to be achieved.},
author = {Ferraro, Paul J and Hanauer, Merlin M and Sims, Katharine R E},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1011529108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Ferraro, Hanauer, Sims - 2011 - Conditions associated with protected area success in conservation and poverty reduction.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {34},
pages = {13913--13918},
pmid = {21873177},
title = {{Conditions associated with protected area success in conservation and poverty reduction.}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Naughton-Treves2011,
abstract = {We use field data linked to satellite image analysis to examine the relationship between biodiversity loss, deforestation, and poverty around Kibale National Park (KNP) in western Uganda, 1996-2006. Over this decade, KNP generally maintained forest cover, tree species, and primate populations, whereas neighboring communal forest patches were reduced by half and showed substantial declines in tree species and primate populations. However, a bad decade for forest outside the park proved a prosperous one for most local residents. Panel data for 252 households show substantial improvement in welfare indicators (e.g., safer water, more durable roof material), with the greatest increases found among those with highest initial assets. A combination of regression analysis and matching estimators shows that although the poor tend to be located on the park perimeter, proximity to the park has no measureable effect on growth of productive assets. The risk for land loss among the poor was inversely correlated with proximity to the park, initial farm size, and decline in adjacent communal forests. We conclude the current disproportionate presence of poor households at the edge of the park does not signal that the park is a poverty trap. Rather, Kibale appears to provide protection against desperation sales and farm loss among those most vulnerable.},
author = {Naughton-Treves, Lisa and Alix-Garcia, Jennifer and Chapman, Colin a},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1013332108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Naughton-Treves, Alix-Garcia, Chapman - 2011 - Lessons about parks and poverty from a decade of forest loss and economic growth around K.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {34},
pages = {13919--13924},
pmid = {21873178},
title = {{Lessons about parks and poverty from a decade of forest loss and economic growth around Kibale National Park, Uganda.}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Barrett2011,
abstract = {Protected areas are the dominant approach to protecting biodiversity and the supply of ecosystem services. Because these protected areas are often placed in regions with widespread poverty and because they can limit agricultural development and exploitation of natural resources, concerns have been raised about their potential to create or reinforce poverty traps. Previous studies suggest that the protected area systems in Costa Rica and Thailand, on average, reduced deforestation and alleviated poverty. We examine these results in more detail by characterizing the heterogeneity of responses to protection conditional on observable characteristics. We find no evidence that protected areas trap historically poorer areas in poverty. In fact, we find that poorer areas at baseline seem to have the greatest levels of poverty reduction as a result of protection. However, we do find that the spatial characteristics associated with the most poverty alleviation are not necessarily the characteristics associated with the most avoided deforestation. We show how an understanding of these spatially heterogeneous responses to protection can be used to generate suitability maps that identify locations in which both environmental and poverty alleviation goals are most likely to be achieved.},
author = {Barrett, C. B. and Travis, a. J. and Dasgupta, P.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1011521108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Barrett, Travis, Dasgupta - 2011 - Biodiversity Conservation and Poverty Traps Special Feature From the Cover On biodiversity conservati.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {2831706505},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {34},
pages = {13907--13912},
pmid = {21873177},
title = {{Biodiversity Conservation and Poverty Traps Special Feature: From the Cover: On biodiversity conservation and poverty traps}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Coomes2011,
abstract = {In this article we illustrate how fine-grained longitudinal analyses of land holding and land use among forest peasant households in an Amazonian village can enrich our understanding of the poverty/land cover nexus. We examine the dynamic links in shifting cultivation systems among asset poverty, land use, and land cover in a community where poverty is persistent and primary forests have been replaced over time-with community enclosure-by secondary forests (i.e., fallows), orchards, and crop land. Land cover change is assessed using aerial photographs/satellite imagery from 1965 to 2007. Household and plot level data are used to track land holding, portfolios, and use as well as land cover over the past 30 y, with particular attention to forest status (type and age). Our analyses find evidence for two important types of "land-use" poverty traps-a "subsistence crop" trap and a "short fallow" trap-and indicate that the initial conditions of land holding by forest peasants have long-term effects on future forest cover and household welfare. These findings suggest a new mechanism driving poverty traps: insufficient initial land holdings induce land use patterns that trap households in low agricultural productivity. Path dependency in the evolution of household land portfolios and land use strategies strongly influences not only the wellbeing of forest people but also the dynamics of tropical deforestation and secondary forest regrowth.},
author = {Coomes, Oliver T and Takasaki, Yoshito and Rhemtulla, Jeanine M},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1012973108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Coomes, Takasaki, Rhemtulla - 2011 - Land-use poverty traps identified in shifting cultivation systems shape long-term tropical forest c.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1091-6490 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0027-8424 (Linking)},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {34},
pages = {13925--13930},
pmid = {21873179},
title = {{Land-use poverty traps identified in shifting cultivation systems shape long-term tropical forest cover.}},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{JIEC:JIEC12261,
abstract = {The aim of this work is to reconstruct the main economy-wide/material flow accounting indicators for the Spanish economy between 1860 and 2010. The main results indicate that from 1960 onward, the country saw a very rapid industrial transition based on the domestic extraction of quarry products and the import of fossil fuels and manufactured goods. Direct material consumption rose from 58.7 million tonnes (Mt) in 1860 to 570.2 Mt in 2010. In per capita terms, it rose from 2.76 tonnes per capita per year (t/cap/yr) to 11.61 t/cap/year. Of the decennial years studied in this article, a peak of 15.23 t/cap/yr occurs in the year 2000; the subsequent fall is explained by the crisis of 2008. Until 1930, Spain was a net exporter of resources, but since that year, and especially since 1960, it began to depend heavily on overseas resources. The physical trade balance per inhabitant in Spain was –0.01 t/cap/year in 1860 and today it is 2.45 t/cap/year. This process also reveals the change in consumption patterns, which became increasingly dependent on abiotic resources. In 1860, 98.1\% of resources consumed was biomass, whereas today the figure is 16.2\%. In all events, this article shows how, although the great transformation did not occur until 1960, before that date the country saw significant qualitative transformation, which did not involve relevant changes in the mobilization of resources.},
author = {Infante-Amate, Juan and Soto, David and Aguilera, Eduardo and Garc\'{\i}a-Ruiz, Roberto and Guzm\'{a}n, Gloria and Cid, Antonio and de Molina, Manuel},
doi = {10.1111/jiec.12261},
issn = {1530-9290},
journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology},
keywords = {industrial ecology,industrial metabolism,material flow analysis (MFA),physical economy,resource flows,social ecology},
pages = {n/a----n/a},
title = {{The Spanish Transition to Industrial Metabolism: Long-Term Material Flow Analysis (1860–2010)}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12261},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Demissew2015,
author = {Demissew, Sebsebe and Carabias, Julia and Dı, Sandra and Joly, Carlos and Lonsdale, Mark and Ash, Neville and Adhikari, Jay Ram and Arico, Salvatore and Bartuska, Ann and Baste, Ivar Andreas and Bilgin, Adem and Brondizio, Eduardo and Chan, Kai M a and Figueroa, Viviana Elsa and Duraiappah, Anantha and Fischer, Markus and Hill, Rosemary and Koetz, Thomas and Leadley, Paul and Lyver, Philip and Mace, Georgina M and Martin-lopez, Berta and Okumura, Michiko and Pacheco, Diego and Reyers, Belinda and Pascual, Unai and Pe, Edgar Selvin and Roth, Eva and Saito, Osamu and Scholes, Robert John and Sharma, Nalini and Tallis, Heather and Thaman, Randolph and Watson, Robert and Yahara, Tetsukazu and Hamid, Zakri Abdul and Akosim, Callistus and Al-hafedh, Yousef and Amankwah, Edward and Asah, T Stanley and Asfaw, Zemede and Bartus, Gabor and Brooks, Anathea L and Caillaux, Jorge and Dalle, Gemedo and Darnaedi, Dedy and Driver, Amanda and Erpul, Gunay and Escobar-eyzaguirre, Pablo and Failler, Pierre and Moustafa, Ali and Fouda, Mokhtar and Fu, Bojie and Gundimeda, Haripriya and Hashimoto, Shizuka and Homer, Floyd and Lavorel, Sandra and Lichtenstein, Gabriela and Mala, William Armand and Mandivenyi, Wadzanayi and Matczak, Piotr and Mbizvo, Carmel and Mehrdadi, Mehrasa and Metzger, Jean Paul and Mikissa, Jean Bruno and Moller, Henrik and Mooney, Harold a and Mumby, Peter and Nagendra, Harini and Nesshover, Carsten and Oteng-yeboah, Alfred Apau and Rubis, Jennifer and Schultz, Maria and Smith, Peggy and Sumaila, Rashid and Takeuchi, Kazuhiko and Thomas, Spencer},
doi = {10.1016/j.cosust.2014.11.002},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Demissew et al. - 2015 - ScienceDirect The IPBES Conceptual Framework — connecting nature and people.pdf:pdf},
issn = {18773435},
pages = {1--16},
title = {{ScienceDirect The IPBES Conceptual Framework — connecting nature and people}},
year = {2015}
}
@book{Environment2015,
author = {Environment, T H E European},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Environment - 2015 - State and outlook 2015.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9789292135157},
title = {{State and outlook 2015}},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Nekola2013,
abstract = {Two interacting forces influence all populations: the Malthusian dynamic of exponential growth until resource limits are reached, and the Darwinian dynamic of innovation and adaptation to circumvent these limits through biological and/or cultural evolution. The specific manifestations of these forces in modern human society provide an important context for determining how humans can establish a sustainable relationship with the finite Earth. ?? 2012 Elsevier Ltd.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {2073},
author = {Nekola, Jeffrey C. and Allen, Craig D. and Brown, James H. and Burger, Joseph R. and Davidson, Ana D. and Fristoe, Trevor S. and Hamilton, Marcus J. and Hammond, Sean T. and Kodric-Brown, Astrid and Mercado-Silva, Norman and Okie, Jordan G.},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2012.12.001},
eprint = {2073},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Nekola et al. - 2013 - The Malthusian-Darwinian dynamic and the trajectory of civilization(3).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0169-5347},
issn = {01695347},
journal = {Trends in Ecology and Evolution},
keywords = {Behavioral constraints,Evolutionary biology,Macroecology,Resource limitation,Sustainability science},
number = {3},
pages = {127--130},
pmid = {23290501},
title = {{The Malthusian-Darwinian dynamic and the trajectory of civilization}},
volume = {28},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Foley2005a,
abstract = {Land use has generally been considered a local environmental issue, but it is becoming a force of global importance. Worldwide changes to forests, farmlands, waterways, and air are being driven by the need to provide food, fiber, water, and shelter to more than six billion people. Global croplands, pastures, plantations, and urban areas have expanded in recent decades, accompanied by large increases in energy, water, and fertilizer consumption, along with considerable losses of biodiversity. Such changes in land use have enabled humans to appropriate an increasing share of the planet's resources, but they also potentially undermine the capacity of ecosystems to sustain food production, maintain freshwater and forest resources, regulate climate and air quality, and ameliorate infectious diseases. We face the challenge of managing trade-offs between immediate human needs and maintaining the capacity of the biosphere to provide goods and services in the long term.},
author = {Foley, Jonathan a and Defries, Ruth and Asner, Gregory P and Barford, Carol and Bonan, Gordon and Carpenter, Stephen R and Chapin, F Stuart and Coe, Michael T and Daily, Gretchen C and Gibbs, Holly K and Helkowski, Joseph H and Holloway, Tracey and Howard, Erica a and Kucharik, Christopher J and Monfreda, Chad and Patz, Jonathan a and Prentice, I Colin and Ramankutty, Navin and Snyder, Peter K},
doi = {10.1126/science.1111772},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Foley et al. - 2005 - Global consequences of land use(3).pdf:pdf;:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Foley et al. - 2005 - Global consequences of land use(4).pdf:pdf},
issn = {1095-9203},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
keywords = {Agriculture,Air Pollution,Animals,Climate,Communicable Diseases,Communicable Diseases: epidemiology,Communicable Diseases: transmission,Conservation of Natural Resources,Ecosystem,Environment,Fresh Water,Human Activities,Humans,Policy Making,Trees,Wild},
month = jul,
number = {5734},
pages = {570--4},
pmid = {16040698},
title = {{Global consequences of land use.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040698},
volume = {309},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Zhang2002a,
author = {Zhang, Jie and Lee, Ronald},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Zhang, Lee - 2002 - Rising longevity , education , savings , and growth.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {2120,2232 pied-,510,642-4535,643-8558,berkeley,california 94720-2120,correspondence,department of demography,education,email,fax,growth,h52,j14,jel classi fi cations,longevity,mont avenue,o15,o41,phone,ronald lee,savings,university of california,usa},
number = {510},
title = {{Rising longevity , education , savings , and growth}},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Arrow2004,
author = {Arrow, Kenneth and Dasgupta, Partha and Goulder, Lawrence and Daily, Gretchen and Ehrlich, Paul and Heal, Geoffrey and Levin, Simon and M\"{a}ler, Karl-G\"{o}ran and Schneider, Stephen and Starrett, David},
doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00770.x},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Arrow et al. - 2004 - Are we consuming too much(3).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0895-3309},
issn = {1523-1739},
journal = {The Journal of Economic Perspectives},
number = {3},
pages = {147--172},
pmid = {17883503},
title = {{Are we consuming too much?}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3216811},
volume = {18},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Arrow1995,
abstract = {In this article we discuss the relation between economic growth and environmental quality, and the link between economic activity and the carrying capacity and resilience of the environment.},
author = {Arrow, Kenneth and Bolin, Bert and Costanza, Robert and Dasgupta, Partha and Folke, Carl and Holling, C. S. and Jansson, Bengt Owe and Levin, Simon and M\"{a}ler, Karl G\"{o}ran and Perrings, Charles and Pimentel, David},
doi = {10.1126/science.268.5210.520},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Arrow et al. - 1996 - Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1051-0761},
issn = {10510761},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
pages = {520--521},
pmid = {17756719},
title = {{Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment}},
volume = {28},
year = {1995}
}
@book{Strulik2012,
author = {Strulik, H and Dalgaard, Cj},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Strulik, Dalgaard - 2012 - Long-Run Economic Perspectives of an Ageing Society.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9783700173021},
number = {March},
title = {{Long-Run Economic Perspectives of an Ageing Society}},
url = {http://www.oeaw.ac.at/vid/download/FB34.pdf},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Liu2007,
abstract = {Integrated studies of coupled human and natural systems reveal new and complex patterns and processes not evident when studied by social or natural scientists separately. Synthesis of six case studies from around the world shows that couplings between human and natural systems vary across space, time, and organizational units. They also exhibit nonlinear dynamics with thresholds, reciprocal feedback loops, time lags, resilience, heterogeneity, and surprises. Furthermore, past couplings have legacy effects on present conditions and future possibilities.},
author = {Liu, Jianguo and Dietz, Thomas and Carpenter, Stephen R and Alberti, Marina and Folke, Carl and Moran, Emilio and Pell, Alice N and Deadman, Peter and Kratz, Timothy and Lubchenco, Jane and Ostrom, Elinor and Ouyang, Zhiyun and Provencher, William and Redman, Charles L and Schneider, Stephen H and Taylor, William W},
doi = {10.1126/science.1144004},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Liu et al. - 2007 - Complexity of coupled human and natural systems(6).pdf:pdf;:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Liu et al. - 2007 - Complexity of coupled human and natural systems(7).pdf:pdf},
issn = {1095-9203},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
keywords = {Animals,Biodiversity,Brazil,China,Conservation of Natural Resources,Ecology,Ecosystem,Environment,Human Activities,Humans,Socioeconomic Factors,Sociology,Sweden,United States},
month = sep,
number = {5844},
pages = {1513--6},
pmid = {17872436},
title = {{Complexity of coupled human and natural systems.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872436 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/317/5844/1513.abstract},
volume = {317},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Kenessey1987,
abstract = {The recognition of differences among the major sectors of the economy, such as agriculture, commerce, or manufacturing, has a considerable tradition in economic thinking. Also, there is evidence that important national and international predicaments of our time are closely related to sectoral-structural developments. Yet economists in the developed countries are often disinclined to study the shifts among the megasectors. This paper suggests that an intensified study of the topic may be profitable. In order to support this proposition it first reflects on the traditions of sectoral emphasis in literature. Second, it considers the evidence for the ascendancy of the quaternary activities. Third, it deals with the input-output relations among the four megasectors of the economy. Thereafter it points to the emergence of potential inefficiencies among quaternary activities and raises the possibility of a megasector misequili- brium. Finally it outlines certain connections to the thoughts of Leontief and Sraffa; considers services in the neoclassical framework; explores the relationships to institutional thought; and ponders the extension of its basic hypothesis to the developing nations, the socialist countries, and to historical analysis.},
author = {Kenessey, Z},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Kenessey - 1987 - The primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors of the economy.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Review of Income and Wealth},
pages = {359--385},
title = {{The primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors of the economy}},
url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1987.tb00680.x/abstract},
year = {1987}
}
@article{The2003,
author = {The, Istory O F and The, Tructure O F and The, Esulting From and The, Ntroduction O F and Of, Efinitions},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/The et al. - 2003 - UNITED NATIONS STATISTICS DIVISION UN NATIONAL ACCOUNTS QUESTIONNAIRE 1993 SNA SUPPORTING BOOKLET New York.pdf:pdf},
journal = {New York},
number = {September},
title = {{UNITED NATIONS STATISTICS DIVISION UN NATIONAL ACCOUNTS QUESTIONNAIRE 1993 SNA SUPPORTING BOOKLET New York}},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Kaufmann2011,
abstract = {This paper summarizes the methodology of the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) project, and related analytical issues. The WGI cover over 200 countries and territories, measuring six dimensions of governance starting in 1996: Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law, and Control of Corruption. The aggregate indicators are based on several hundred individual underlying variables, taken from a wide variety of existing data sources. The data reflect the views on governance of survey respondents and public, private, and NGO sector experts worldwide. The WGI also explicitly report margins of error accompanying each country estimate. These reflect the inherent difficulties in measuring governance using any kind of data. Even after taking these margins of error into account, the WGI permit meaningful cross-country and over-time comparisons.},
author = {Kaufmann, Daniel and Kraay, Aart and Mastruzzi, Massimo},
doi = {10.1017/S1876404511200046},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Kaufmann, Kraay, Mastruzzi - 2011 - The Worldwide Governance Indicators Methodology and Analytical Issues.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1876-4045},
journal = {Hague Journal on the Rule of Law},
number = {02},
pages = {220--246},
title = {{The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical Issues}},
volume = {3},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Ruggles1995,
abstract = {The revised System of National Accounts (SNA) presented in this volume has been undertaken under the joint responsibility of our five organizations. Through the mechanism of an Inter-Secretariat Group, the staff of our organizations have organized and managed the review process from the mid-1980s onwards. The resulting System is being published jointly by the five organizations. The System is a comprehensive, consistent and flexible set of macroeconomic accounts intended to meet the needs of government and private-sector analysts, policy makers and decision takers. It is designed for use in countries with market economies, whatever their stage of economic development, and also in countries in transition to market economies. The System has been welcomed andunanimously approved by the Statistical Commission of the United Nations. The revision process has required numerous meetings over several years in which experts in national accounts from countries throughout the world have participated. The revised System owes much to their collective advice and wisdom. The revision has been a major exercise in cooperation conducted at a world level between national and international statistical agencies. It serves as a model for future collaborative work on the development of improved statistical systems and standards, including national accounts. The SNA is intended for use by both national and international statistical agencies, and countries are advised to start to compile accounts utilizing the revised System as soon as possible.},
author = {Ruggles, Richard},
doi = {10.1016/1352-0237(95)90103-5},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Ruggles - 1995 - System of national accounts, 1993.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9789211615227},
issn = {13520237},
journal = {Journal of Government Information},
number = {4},
pages = {349--351},
pmid = {181964},
title = {{System of national accounts, 1993}},
volume = {22},
year = {1995}
}
@book{EuropeanCommission2008,
abstract = {The System of National Accounts, 2008 (2008 SNA) is a statistical framework that provides a comprehensive, consistent and flexible set of macroeconomic accounts for policymaking, analysis and research purposes. It has been produced and is released under the auspices of the United Nations, the European Commission, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. It represents an update, mandated by the United Nations Statistical Commission in 2003, of the System of National Accounts, 1993, which was produced under the joint responsibility of the same five organizations. Like earlier editions, the 2008 SNA reflects the evolving needs of its users, new developments in the economic environment and advances in methodological research.A working group, comprising representatives of each of our organizations, managed and coordinated the work. National statistical offices and central banks from countries throughout the world made valuable contributions. Expert groups carried out research on the issues being reviewed. An advisory expert group was established to provide expert opinions from a broad range of countries. During the update work, the recommendations and the updated text were posted on the website of the United Nations Statistics Division for worldwide comment, thereby achieving full transparency in the process.The 2008 SNA is intended for use by all countries, having been designed to accommodate the needs of countries at different stages of economic development. It also provides an overarching framework for standards in other domains of economic statistics, facilitating the integration of these statistical systems to achieve consistency with national accounts.At its fortieth session, the Statistical Commission unanimously adopted the 2008 SNA as the international statistical standard for national accounts. We encourage all countries to compile and report their national accounts on the basis of the 2008 SNA as soon as possible.},
author = {{European Commission} and {International Monetary Funds} and {Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development} and {United Nations} and {World Bank}},
doi = {10.1057/ukna.2008.3},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/European Commission et al. - 2008 - The System of National Accounts 2008.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-92-1-161522-7},
issn = {0267-8691},
pages = {1--722},
title = {{The System of National Accounts 2008}},
url = {http://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/sna2008.asp},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Notes,
author = {Notes, Methodology},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Notes - Unknown - Guidelines for the Notes on National Accounts Methodology.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Guidelines for the Notes on National Accounts Methodology}}
}
@article{Accounts1999,
author = {Accounts, National},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Accounts - 1999 - The System of National Accounts 1993 - 1993 SNA Original text of amended paragraphs.pdf:pdf},
pages = {1--26},
title = {{The System of National Accounts 1993 - 1993 SNA Original text of amended paragraphs}},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Thakur2011,
author = {Thakur, Sudhir K},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Thakur - 2011 - Thakur\_Fundamental economic structure and structural change in regional economies.pdf.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {economic,structural change and fundamental},
number = {4},
title = {{Thakur\_Fundamental economic structure and structural change in regional economies.pdf}},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Morales2014,
author = {Morales, Juan Carlos},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Morales - 2014 - Working Guidebook to the National Footprint Accounts.pdf:pdf},
number = {June},
title = {{Working Guidebook to the National Footprint Accounts}},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Borucke2013,
author = {Borucke, Michael and Galli, Alessandro and Iha, Katsunori and Lazarus, Eli and Mattoon, Scott and Moralies, Juan Carlos and Poblete, Pati and Wackemangel, Mathis},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Borucke et al. - 2013 - The National Footprint Accounts, 2012 edition.pdf:pdf},
title = {{The National Footprint Accounts, 2012 edition}},
url = {http://www.footprintnetwork.org/images/article\_uploads/National\_Footprint\_Accounts\_2012\_Edition\_Report.pdf},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Eichengreen01012013,
abstract = {Although the positive association between the service sector share of output and per capita income is one of the best-known regularities in all of growth and development economics, there is less than complete agreement on the nature of that association. We identify two waves of service sector growth: a first wave in countries with relatively low levels of per capita GDP; and a second in countries with higher per capita incomes. The first wave is made up primarily of traditional services, the second of modern services. In addition, there is evidence of the second wave occurring at lower income levels after 1990, especially so in democracies, in countries that are open to trade, and in countries close to global financial centres. This points to both political and economic conditions that can help countries capitalize on the opportunities afforded by a globalized post-industrial economy.},
author = {Eichengreen, Barry and Gupta, Poonam},
doi = {10.1093/oep/gpr059},
journal = {Oxford Economic Papers},
number = {1},
pages = {96--123},
title = {{The two waves of service-sector growth}},
url = {http://oep.oxfordjournals.org/content/65/1/96.abstract},
volume = {65},
year = {2013}
}
@article{GROW:GROW3,
abstract = {The restructuring of urban economies from manufacturing to service industries has been a major feature of the last twenty-five years. Large cities with a population of at least one million have been at the forefront of this change with the primate cities of the newly industrialized countries increasingly affected. The growth characteristics, planning experiences, and policy implications of the expansion of service industries in large and medium-size metropolitan areas around the world are examined. This has illuminated issues connected with the interurban competition for services. The service sector has shaped new urban planning and public policy agendas and the way in which metropolitan areas in this study have started to reshape their policies provides a good lead for others to follow. It is likely that new pressures will strengthen the need to look beyond their established urban planning policies to broader, integrated urban management policies.},
author = {DANIELS, P W and O'CONNOR, K and HUTTON, T A},
doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2257.1991.tb00560.x},
issn = {1468-2257},
journal = {Growth and Change},
number = {4},
pages = {3--26},
publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
title = {{The Planning Response to Urban Service Sector Growth: an International Comparison}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1991.tb00560.x},
volume = {22},
year = {1991}
}
@article{Eichengreen2009,
author = {Eichengreen, Barry},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Eichengreen, Gupta - 2009 - THE TWO WAVES OF SERVICE SECTOR GROWTH.pdf:pdf},
title = {{No Title}},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Rosenthal2001,
abstract = {This paper examines the microfoundations of agglomeration economies for U.S. manufacturing industries. Using industries as observations, we regress the Ellison and Glaeser measure of spatial concentration on industry characteristics that proxy for the presence of knowledge spillovers, labor market pooling, input sharing, product shipping costs, and natural advantage. The analysis is conducted separately at the zipcode, county, and state levels. Results indicate that proxies for labor market pooling have the most robust effect, positively influencing agglomeration at all levels of geography. Proxies for knowledge spillovers, in contrast, positively affect agglomeration only at the zipcode level. Reliance on manufactured inputs or natural resources positively affects agglomeration at the state level but has little effect on agglomeration at lower levels of geography. The same is true for the perishability of output, a proxy for product shipping costs.},
author = {Rosenthal, Stuart S and Strange, William C},
doi = {10.1006/juec.2001.2230},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Rosenthal, Strange - 2001 - The Determinants of Agglomeration.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0094-1190},
issn = {00941190},
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
pages = {191--229},
title = {{The Determinants of Agglomeration}},
volume = {50},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Behrens2007,
abstract = {Material flow accounting and analysis (MFA) has been established as an influential framework for quantifying the use of natural resources by modern societies. So far, however, no reference data for overall scale and trends of global extraction of natural resources and their distribution between different world regions has been available. This paper presents the first comprehensive quantification of the material basis of the global economy, i.e. used domestic extraction in a time series from 1980 to 2002. We analyse time trends for major material groups (fossil fuels, metals, industrial and construction minerals, and biomass) disaggregated into seven world regions. This allows for (a) an illustration of the global economy's physical growth driven by worldwide processes of economic integration over the past decades, and (b) an indication of the worldwide distribution of environmental pressures associated with material extraction. The results show that annual resource consumption of the world economy increased by about one third between 1980 and 2002. This indicates that scale effects due to economic growth more than compensated for other effects, such as the relative increase of the service sectors' contribution to GDP (structural effect) and the use of new production technologies with higher material and energy efficiency (technology effect). The observed growth of natural resource extraction is unevenly distributed over the main material categories, with metals showing the highest growth rate. The regional analysis shows the increasing importance of Asia and Latin America in global resource extraction. On the global level, material intensity, i.e. resource extraction per unit of GDP, decreased by about 25\%, indicating relative decoupling of resource extraction from economic growth. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for a more sustainable use of natural resources.},
author = {Behrens, Arno and Giljum, Stefan and Kovanda, Jan and Niza, Samuel},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.02.034},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Behrens et al. - 2007 - The material basis of the global economy.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {09218009},
issn = {09218009},
journal = {Ecological Economics},
pages = {444--453},
title = {{The material basis of the global economy}},
volume = {64},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Mason2006,
abstract = {In all societies intergenerational transfers are large and have an important influence on inequality and growth. The development of each generation of youth depends on the resources that it receives from productive members of society for health, education, and sustenance. The well-being of the elderly depends on familial support and a variety of social programs. The National Transfer Accounts (NTA) system provides a comprehensive approach to measuring all reallocations of income across age and time at the aggregate level. It encompasses reallocations achieved through capital accumulation and transfers, distinguishing those mediated by public institutions from those relying on private institutions. This paper introduces the methodology and presents preliminary results emphasizing economic support systems in Taiwan and the United States. As the two economies differ in their demographic configuration, their level of development, and their old-age support systems, comparing them will shed light on the economic implications of population aging under alternative institutional arrangements.},
author = {Mason, Andrew and Lee, Ronald and Tung, An-Chi and Lai, Mun-Sim and Miller, Tim},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Mason et al. - 2006 - Population aging and intergenerational transfers introducing age into national accounts.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {12770},
keywords = {NTA,National Transfer Accounts,Taiwan,USA,aging,intergenerational transfers,population},
number = {January 2005},
pages = {52},
title = {{Population aging and intergenerational transfers: introducing age into national accounts}},
url = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w12770.pdf?new\_window=1},
year = {2006}
}
@misc{Phillips2005,
author = {Phillips, Kevin Kinsella; David R.},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Phillips - 2005 - Globalaging.Pdf.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Globalaging.Pdf}},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Mirkin2001,
author = {Mirkin, Barry and Weinberger, Mary Beth},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Mirkin, Weinberger - 2001 - The demography of population ageing(2).pdf:pdf},
journal = {United Nations Population Bulletin},
pages = {41--48},
title = {{The demography of population ageing}},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Wang2015,
author = {Wang, Huanjiong and Ge, Quansheng and Rutishauser, This and Dai, Yuxiao and Dai, Junhu},
doi = {10.1038/srep08833},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Wang et al. - 2015 - Parameterization of temperature sensitivity of spring phenology and its application in explaining diverse phenol(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {2045-2322},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
pages = {8833},
title = {{Parameterization of temperature sensitivity of spring phenology and its application in explaining diverse phenological responses to temperature change}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/srep08833},
volume = {5},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Kinsella2005,
author = {Kinsella, Kevin and Phillips, David R.},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Phillips - 2005 - Globalaging.Pdf.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Population Bulletin},
number = {1},
pages = {5--44},
title = {{Global Aging: The Challenge of Success}},
volume = {60},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Liu2015,
author = {Liu, J. and Mooney, Harold and Hull, Vanessa and Davis, Steven J and Gaskell, J. and Hertel, T. and Lubchenco, Jane and Seto, Karen C. and Gleick, Peter and Kremen, Claire and Liu, Shuxin},
doi = {10.1126/science.1258832},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)2},
number = {6225},
title = {{Systems integration for global sustainability}},
volume = {347},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Diaz2015,
author = {D\'{\i}az, Sandra and Demissew, Sebsebe and Carabias, Julia and Joly, Carlos and Lonsdale, Mark and Ash, Neville and Larigauderie, Anne and Adhikari, Jay Ram and Arico, Salvatore and B\'{a}ldi, Andr\'{a}s and Bartuska, Ann and Baste, Ivar Andreas and Bilgin, Adem and Brondizio, Eduardo and Chan, Kai Ma and Figueroa, Viviana Elsa and Duraiappah, Anantha and Fischer, Markus and Hill, Rosemary and Koetz, Thomas and Leadley, Paul and Lyver, Philip and Mace, Georgina M and Martin-Lopez, Berta and Okumura, Michiko and Pacheco, Diego and Pascual, Unai and P\'{e}rez, Edgar Selvin and Reyers, Belinda and Roth, Eva and Saito, Osamu and Scholes, Robert John and Sharma, Nalini and Tallis, Heather and Thaman, Randolph and Watson, Robert and Yahara, Tetsukazu and Hamid, Zakri Abdul and Akosim, Callistus and Al-Hafedh, Yousef and Allahverdiyev, Rashad and Amankwah, Edward and Asah, T Stanley and Asfaw, Zemede and Bartus, Gabor and Brooks, Anathea L. and Caillaux, Jorge and Dalle, Gemedo and Darnaedi, Dedy and Driver, Amanda and Erpul, Gunay and Escobar-Eyzaguirre, Pablo and Failler, Pierre and Fouda, Ali Moustafa Mokhtar and Fu, Bojie and Gundimeda, Haripriya and Hashimoto, Shizuka and Homer, Floyd and Lavorel, Sandra and Lichtenstein, Gabriela and Mala, William Armand and Mandivenyi, Wadzanayi and Matczak, Piotr and Mbizvo, Carmel and Mehrdadi, Mehrasa and Metzger, Jean Paul and Mikissa, Jean Bruno and Moller, Henrik and Mooney, Harold a and Mumby, Peter and Nagendra, Harini and Nesshover, Carsten and Oteng-Yeboah, Alfred Apau and Pataki, Gy\"{o}rgy and Rou\'{e}, Marie and Rubis, Jennifer and Schultz, Maria and Smith, Peggy and Sumaila, Rashid and Takeuchi, Kazuhiko and Thomas, Spencer and Verma, Madhu and Yeo-Chang, Youn and Zlatanova, Diana},
doi = {10.1016/j.cosust.2014.11.002},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/D\'{\i}az et al. - 2015 - The IPBES Conceptual Framework — connecting nature and people.pdf:pdf},
issn = {18773435},
journal = {Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability},
month = jun,
pages = {1--16},
title = {{The IPBES Conceptual Framework — connecting nature and people}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S187734351400116X},
volume = {14},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Tallis2014,
author = {Tallis, Heather and Lubchenco, Jane},
file = {:G$\backslash$:/Documents/Mendeley/Library/Tallis, Lubchenco - 2014 - Nature - A call for inclusive conservation.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Nature},
pages = {27--28},
title = {{A call for inclusive conservation}},
volume = {515},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Nillesen2014,
author = {Nillesen, Eleonora and Bulte, Erwin},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-resource-091912-151910},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Nillesen, Bulte - 2014 - Natural Resources and Violent Conflict.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0919121519},
issn = {1941-1340},
journal = {Annual Review of Resource Economics},
keywords = {civil war,greed,grievances,resource abundance,resource scarcity},
month = nov,
number = {1},
pages = {69--83},
title = {{Natural Resources and Violent Conflict}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-resource-091912-151910},
volume = {6},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Colander2005,
author = {Colander, David},
doi = {10.1257/0895330053147976},
file = {:G$\backslash$:/Documents/Mendeley/Library/Colander - 2005 - Journal of Economic Perspectives - The Making of an Economist Redux.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0895-3309},
journal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
month = jan,
number = {1},
pages = {175--198},
title = {{The Making of an Economist Redux}},
url = {http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/abs/10.1257/0895330053147976},
volume = {19},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Mihelcic2003,
abstract = {A case is made for growth of a new metadiscipline of sustainability science and engineering. This new field integrates industrial, social, and environmental processes in a global context. The skills required for this higher level discipline represent a metadisciplinary endeavor, combining information and insights across multiple disciplines and perspectives with the common goal of achieving a desired balance among economic, environmental, and societal objectives. Skills and capabilities that are required to support the new metadiscipline are summarized. Examples of integrative projects are discussed in the areas of sustainability metrics and integration of industrial, societal, and environmental impacts. It is clear that a focus on green engineering that employs pollution prevention and industrial ecology alone are not sufficient to achieve sustainability, because even systems with efficient material and energy use can overwhelm the carrying capacity of a region or lead to other socially unacceptable outcomes. To meet the educational and human resource needs required for this new discipline, the technological and environmental awareness of society must be elevated and a sufficient and diverse pool of human talent must be attracted to this discipline.},
author = {Mihelcic, James R and Crittenden, John C and Small, Mitchell J and Shonnard, David R and Hokanson, David R and Zhang, Qiong and Chen, Hui and Sorby, Sheryl a and James, Valentine U and Sutherland, John W and Schnoor, Jerald L},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Mihelcic et al. - 2003 - Sustainability science and engineering the emergence of a new metadiscipline.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0013-936X},
journal = {Environmental science \& technology},
keywords = {Conservation of Natural Resources,Engineering,Engineering: trends,Environmental Pollution,Environmental Pollution: prevention \& control,Goals,Humans,Industry,Interdisciplinary Communication,Social Conditions},
month = dec,
number = {23},
pages = {5314--24},
pmid = {14700315},
title = {{Sustainability science and engineering: the emergence of a new metadiscipline.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14700315},
volume = {37},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Lenzen2006,
author = {Lenzen, M and Wier, M and Cohen, C and Hayami, H and Pachauri, S and Schaeffer, R},
doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2005.01.009},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Lenzen et al. - 2006 - A comparative multivariate analysis of household energy requirements in Australia, Brazil, Denmark, India and Jap.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03605442},
journal = {Energy},
month = feb,
number = {2-3},
pages = {181--207},
title = {{A comparative multivariate analysis of household energy requirements in Australia, Brazil, Denmark, India and Japan}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360544205000113},
volume = {31},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Wick2009,
author = {Wick, Katharina and Bulte, Erwin},
doi = {10.1146/annurev.resource.050708.144219},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Wick, Bulte - 2009 - The Curse of Natural Resources.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1941-1340},
journal = {Annual Review of Resource Economics},
keywords = {institutions,resources and conflict,resources and economic},
month = oct,
number = {1},
pages = {139--156},
title = {{The Curse of Natural Resources}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.resource.050708.144219},
volume = {1},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Hoang2014,
abstract = {This article integrates the material/energy flow analysis into a production frontier framework to quantify resource efficiency (RE). The emergy content of natural resources instead of their mass content is used to construct aggregate inputs. Using the production frontier approach, aggregate inputs will be optimised relative to given output quantities to derive RE measures. This framework is superior to existing RE indicators currently used in the literature. Using the exergy/emergy content in constructing aggregate material or energy flows overcomes a criticism that mass content cannot be used to capture different quality of differing types of resources. Derived RE measures are both 'qualitative' and 'quantitative', whereas existing RE indicators are only qualitative. An empirical examination into the RE of 116 economies was undertaken to illustrate the practical applicability of the new framework. The results showed that economies, on average, could reduce the consumption of resources by more than 30\% without any reduction in per capita gross domestic product (GDP). This calculation occurred after adjustments for differences in the purchasing power of national currencies. The existence of high variations in RE across economies was found to be positively correlated with participation of people in labour force, population density, urbanisation, and GDP growth over the past five years. The results also showed that economies of a higher income group achieved higher RE, and those economies that are more dependent on imports and primary industries would have lower RE performance.},
author = {Hoang, Viet-Ngu},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.046},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Hoang - 2014 - Analysis of resource efficiency a production frontier approach.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1095-8630},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
keywords = {materials fl ow analysis,resource ef fi ciency,resource productivity},
month = may,
pages = {128--36},
pmid = {24632401},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Analysis of resource efficiency: a production frontier approach.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24632401},
volume = {137},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Abel2014,
abstract = {Widely available data on the number of people living outside of their country of birth do not adequately capture contemporary intensities and patterns of global migration flows. We present data on bilateral flows between 196 countries from 1990 through 2010 that provide a comprehensive view of international migration flows. Our data suggest a stable intensity of global 5-year migration flows at \~{}0.6\% of world population since 1995. In addition, the results aid the interpretation of trends and patterns of migration flows to and from individual countries by placing them in a regional or global context. We estimate the largest movements to occur between South and West Asia, from Latin to North America, and within Africa.},
author = {Abel, Guy J and Sander, Nikola},
doi = {10.1126/science.1248676},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Abel, Sander - 2014 - Quantifying global international migration flows.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1095-9203},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
keywords = {Africa,Asia, Southeastern,Asia, Western,Human Migration,Human Migration: statistics \& numerical data,Human Migration: trends,Humans,Latin America,North America,Time Factors,Transients and Migrants,Transients and Migrants: statistics \& numerical da},
month = mar,
number = {6178},
pages = {1520--2},
pmid = {24675962},
title = {{Quantifying global international migration flows.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675962},
volume = {343},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Hall2014,
author = {Hall, Charles A. S. and Day, John W.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.12.020},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Hall, Day - 2014 - Why aren't contemporary ecologists and economists addressing resource and energy scarcity The major problems of the 2.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09258574},
journal = {Ecological Engineering},
month = apr,
pages = {49--53},
title = {{Why aren't contemporary ecologists and economists addressing resource and energy scarcity: The major problems of the 21st century?}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S092585741300520X},
volume = {65},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Brown2014,
abstract = {The current economic paradigm, which is based on increasing human population, economic development, and standard of living, is no longer compatible with the biophysical limits of the finite Earth. Failure to recover from the economic crash of 2008 is not due just to inadequate fiscal and monetary policies. The continuing global crisis is also due to scarcity of critical resources. Our macroecological studies highlight the role in the economy of energy and natural resources: oil, gas, water, arable land, metals, rare earths, fertilizers, fisheries, and wood. As the modern industrial technological-informational economy expanded in recent decades, it grew by consuming the Earth's natural resources at unsustainable rates. Correlations between per capita GDP and per capita consumption of energy and other resources across nations and over time demonstrate how economic growth and development depend on "nature's capital". Decades-long trends of decreasing per capita consumption of multiple important commodities indicate that overexploitation has created an unsustainable bubble of population and economy.},
author = {Brown, James H and Burger, Joseph R and Burnside, William R and Chang, Michael and Davidson, Ana D and Fristoe, Trevor S and Hamilton, Marcus J and Hammond, Sean T and Kodric-Brown, Astrid and Mercado-Silva, Norman and Nekola, Jeffrey C and Okie, Jordan G},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.07.071},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Brown et al. - 2014 - Macroecology Meets Macroeconomics Resource Scarcity and Global Sustainability.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0925-8574},
journal = {Ecological engineering},
keywords = {ecological economics},
month = apr,
pages = {24--32},
pmid = {24882946},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Macroecology Meets Macroeconomics: Resource Scarcity and Global Sustainability.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24882946},
volume = {65},
year = {2014}
}
@article{El-Zein2014,
abstract = {Discussions leading to the Rio+20 UN conference have emphasised the importance of sustainable development and the protection of the environment for future generations. The Arab world faces large-scale threats to its sustainable development and, most of all, to the viability and existence of the ecological systems for its human settlements. The dynamics of population change, ecological degradation, and resource scarcity, and development policies and practices, all occurring in complex and highly unstable geopolitical and economic environments, are fostering the poor prospects. In this report, we discuss the most pertinent population-environment-development dynamics in the Arab world, and the two-way interactions between these dynamics and health, on the basis of current data. We draw attention to trends that are relevant to health professionals and researchers, but emphasise that the dynamics generating these trends have implications that go well beyond health. We argue that the current discourse on health, population, and development in the Arab world has largely failed to convey a sense of urgency, when the survival of whole communities is at stake. The dismal ecological and development records of Arab countries over the past two decades call for new directions. We suggest that regional ecological integration around exchange of water, energy, food, and labour, though politically difficult to achieve, offers the best hope to improve the adaptive capacity of individual Arab nations. The transformative political changes taking place in the Arab world offer promise, indeed an imperative, for such renewal. We call on policy makers, researchers, practitioners, and international agencies to emphasise the urgency and take action.},
author = {El-Zein, Abbas and Jabbour, Samer and Tekce, Belgin and Zurayk, Huda and Nuwayhid, Iman and Khawaja, Marwan and Tell, Tariq and {Al Mooji}, Yusuf and De-Jong, Jocelyn and Yassin, Nasser and Hogan, Dennis},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62338-7},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/El-Zein et al. - 2014 - Health and ecological sustainability in the Arab world a matter of survival.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1474-547X},
journal = {Lancet},
keywords = {Arab World,Climate Change,Conservation of Natural Resources,Conservation of Natural Resources: trends,Ecosystem,Food Supply,Food Supply: statistics \& numerical data,Health Status,Humans,Income,Income: statistics \& numerical data,International Cooperation,Population Dynamics,Population Dynamics: trends,Rural Health,Rural Health: statistics \& numerical data,Urban Health,Urban Health: statistics \& numerical data,War,Water Supply,Water Supply: statistics \& numerical data},
month = feb,
number = {9915},
pages = {458--76},
pmid = {24452051},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Health and ecological sustainability in the Arab world: a matter of survival.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24452051},
volume = {383},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Karnik2009,
author = {Karnik, Ajit V. and Fernandes, Cedwyn},
doi = {10.1080/00036840601019109},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Karnik, Fernandes - 2009 - Natural resource dependence a macroeconometric model for the United Arab Emirates.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6846},
journal = {Applied Economics},
month = apr,
number = {9},
pages = {1157--1174},
title = {{Natural resource dependence: a macroeconometric model for the United Arab Emirates}},
url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00036840601019109},
volume = {41},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Reyes2011,
author = {Reyes, Rachel C},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Reyes - 2011 - The Green Solow Model with Natural Resources Constraint A Theoretical Note.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {balanced growth path,emissions,environmental kuznet,s curve,solow model},
pages = {111--116},
title = {{The Green Solow Model with Natural Resources Constraint : A Theoretical Note}},
volume = {1},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Bell2012,
author = {Bell, John E. and Autry, Chad W. and Mollenkopf, Diane a. and Thornton, LaDonna M.},
doi = {10.1111/j.0000-0000.2012.01048.x},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Bell et al. - 2012 - A Natural Resource Scarcity Typology Theoretical Foundations and Strategic Implications for Supply Chain Management.pdf:pdf},
issn = {07353766},
journal = {Journal of Business Logistics},
keywords = {and academic literatures jeopardize,described in both popular,first,global commercial activ-,human population growth and,ity,migration challenge,natural resources,population growth,supply chain management,supply chain risk,sustainability,three convergent societal forces},
month = jun,
number = {2},
pages = {158--166},
title = {{A Natural Resource Scarcity Typology: Theoretical Foundations and Strategic Implications for Supply Chain Management}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.0000-0000.2012.01048.x},
volume = {33},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Liao2012,
author = {Liao, Wenjie and Heijungs, Reinout and Huppes, Gjalt},
doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2011.09.022},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Liao, Heijungs, Huppes - 2012 - Natural resource demand of global biofuels in the Anthropocene A review.pdf:pdf},
issn = {13640321},
journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},
month = jan,
number = {1},
pages = {996--1003},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Natural resource demand of global biofuels in the Anthropocene: A review}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032111004722},
volume = {16},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Wackernagel1999,
author = {Wackernagel, Mathis and Onisto, Larry and Bello, Patricia and Linares, Alejandro Callejas and Lo, Ina Susana and Sua, Ana Isabel},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Wackernagel et al. - 1999 - National natural capital accounting with the ecological footprint concept.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {accounting,carrying capacity,ecological footprint,italy,natural capital,resource throughput},
pages = {375--390},
title = {{National natural capital accounting with the ecological footprint concept}},
volume = {29},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Turner2007,
author = {Turner, Karen and Lenzen, Manfred and Wiedmann, Thomas and Barrett, John},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.12.002},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Turner et al. - 2007 - Examining the global environmental impact of regional consumption activities — Part 1 A technical note on combini.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09218009},
journal = {Ecological Economics},
keywords = {ecological footprint,input,multi-region input,output analysis,output models},
month = apr,
number = {1},
pages = {37--44},
title = {{Examining the global environmental impact of regional consumption activities — Part 1: A technical note on combining input–output and ecological footprint analysis}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921800906005933},
volume = {62},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Wiedmann2007a,
author = {Wiedmann, Thomas and Lenzen, Manfred and Turner, Karen and Barrett, John},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.12.003},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Wiedmann et al. - 2007 - Examining the global environmental impact of regional consumption activities — Part 2 Review of input–output mo.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09218009},
journal = {Ecological Economics},
keywords = {international input,multi-region input,output analysis,output models},
month = feb,
number = {1},
pages = {15--26},
title = {{Examining the global environmental impact of regional consumption activities — Part 2: Review of input–output models for the assessment of environmental impacts embodied in trade}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921800906005945},
volume = {61},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Lenzen2014,
abstract = {Compiling, deploying and utilising large-scale databases that integrate environmental and economic data have traditionally been labour- and cost-intensive processes, hindered by the large amount of disparate and misaligned data that must be collected and harmonised. The Australian Industrial Ecology Virtual Laboratory (IELab) is a novel, collaborative approach to compiling large-scale environmentally extended multi-region input-output (MRIO) models. The utility of the IELab product is greatly enhanced by avoiding the need to lock in an MRIO structure at the time the MRIO system is developed. The IELab advances the idea of the "mother-daughter" construction principle, whereby a regionally and sectorally very detailed "mother" table is set up, from which "daughter" tables are derived to suit specific research questions. By introducing a third tier - the "root classification" - IELab users are able to define their own mother-MRIO configuration, at no additional cost in terms of data handling. Customised mother-MRIOs can then be built, which maximise disaggregation in aspects that are useful to a family of research questions. The second innovation in the IELab system is to provide a highly automated collaborative research platform in a cloud-computing environment, greatly expediting workflows and making these computational benefits accessible to all users. Combining these two aspects realises many benefits. The collaborative nature of the IELab development project allows significant savings in resources. Timely deployment is possible by coupling automation procedures with the comprehensive input from multiple teams. User-defined MRIO tables, coupled with high performance computing, mean that MRIO analysis will be useful and accessible for a great many more research applications than would otherwise be possible. By ensuring that a common set of analytical tools such as for hybrid life-cycle assessment is adopted, the IELab will facilitate the harmonisation of fragmented, dispersed and misaligned raw data for the benefit of all interested parties.},
author = {Lenzen, Manfred and Geschke, Arne and Wiedmann, Thomas and Lane, Joe and Anderson, Neal and Baynes, Timothy and Boland, John and Daniels, Peter and Dey, Christopher and Fry, Jacob and Hadjikakou, Michalis and Kenway, Steven and Malik, Arunima and Moran, Daniel and Murray, Joy and Nettleton, Stuart and Poruschi, Lavinia and Reynolds, Christian and Rowley, Hazel and Ugon, Julien and Webb, Dean and West, James},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.062},
file = {:G$\backslash$:/Documents/Mendeley/Library/Lenzen et al. - 2014 - The Science of the total environment - Compiling and using input-output frameworks through collaborative virtual.pdf:pdf;:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Lenzen et al. - 2014 - Compiling and using input-output frameworks through collaborative virtual laboratories.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1879-1026},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Australia,Collaboration,Electronic research infrastructure,Life cycle assessment,Multi-region input–output tables,Virtual laboratories,multi-region input,output tables,virtual laboratories},
month = jul,
pages = {241--51},
pmid = {24727042},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Compiling and using input-output frameworks through collaborative virtual laboratories.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24727042},
volume = {485-486},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Xu2014,
author = {Xu, Yan and Dietzenbacher, Erik},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.02.015},
file = {:G$\backslash$:/Documents/Mendeley/Library/Xu, Dietzenbacher - 2014 - Ecological Economics - A structural decomposition analysis of the emissions embodied in trade.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09218009},
journal = {Ecological Economics},
keywords = {Emissions embodied in trade,Global multi-regional input–output model,Structural decomposition analysis,World Input–output Database,emissions embodied in trade,output database,structural decomposition analysis,world input},
month = may,
pages = {10--20},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{A structural decomposition analysis of the emissions embodied in trade}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921800914000627},
volume = {101},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Dietzenbacher2013,
author = {Dietzenbacher, Erik and Lenzen, Manfred and Los, Bart and Guan, Dabo and Lahr, Michael L. and Sancho, Ferran and Suh, Sangwon and Yang, Cuihong},
doi = {10.1080/09535314.2013.846902},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Dietzenbacher et al. - 2013 - Input–Output Analysis the Next 25 Years.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0953-5314},
journal = {Economic Systems Research},
month = dec,
number = {4},
pages = {369--389},
title = {{Input–Output Analysis: the Next 25 Years}},
url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2013.846902},
volume = {25},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Lenzen2013,
author = {Lenzen, Manfred and Moran, Daniel and Kanemoto, Keiichiro and Geschke, Arne},
doi = {10.1080/09535314.2013.769938},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Lenzen et al. - 2013 - Building Eora a Global Multi-Region Input–Output Database At High Country and Sector Resolution.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0953-5314},
journal = {Economic Systems Research},
month = mar,
number = {1},
pages = {20--49},
title = {{Building Eora: a Global Multi-Region Input–Output Database At High Country and Sector Resolution}},
url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2013.769938},
volume = {25},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Marques2012,
author = {Marques, Alexandra and Rodrigues, Jo\~{a}o and Lenzen, Manfred and Domingos, Tiago},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.09.010},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Marques et al. - 2012 - Income-based environmental responsibility.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09218009},
journal = {Ecological Economics},
keywords = {Carbon responsibility,Downstream responsibility,Income responsibility,Multi-regional input–output analysis,carbon responsibility,downstream responsibility,income responsibility},
month = dec,
pages = {57--65},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Income-based environmental responsibility}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921800912003722},
volume = {84},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Hertwich2011,
abstract = {This paper reviews assessments of environmental impacts arising from consumption, taking into account the production and disposal of goods consumed. Assessments have mostly focused on understanding household consumption, but there is an increasing interest in understanding government consumption, as well as in the treatment of gross capital formation and trade. National economic and environmental accounts are the most frequently used data source for such studies and input–output techniques are usually applied. For many OECD countries and a few developing countries, assessments address only energy or greenhouse gas emissions. Few studies address a broader range of emissions-related environmental impacts. There is a lack of consideration for important pressures on ecosystems such as habitat change and overexploitation of fisheries and forests. In all countries, housing and food are important. In poor countries, public services can contribute substantially, while in rich countries, mobility and the consumption of manufactured goods is important. In rapidly developing economies, investments, especially in infrastructure and buildings, are important causes of environmental pressure as well. Differences in production conditions and pollution intensities across countries are substantial, so explicitly modelling the production of internationally traded goods using multi-regional input–output analysis is necessary to account correctly for the environmental impacts arising from the consumption of imported goods.},
author = {Hertwich, Edgar G.},
doi = {10.1080/09535314.2010.536905},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Hertwich - 2011 - The Life Cycle of Environmental Impacts of Consumption.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0953-5314},
journal = {Economic Systems Research},
keywords = {environmentally extended input,household environmental impact,output analysis,product policy},
month = mar,
number = {1},
pages = {27--47},
title = {{The Life Cycle of Environmental Impacts of Consumption}},
url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09535314.2010.536905},
volume = {23},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Lenzen2006a,
author = {Lenzen, Manfred and Schaeffer, Roberto},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Lenzen, Schaeffer - 2006 - Environmental and Social Accounting for Brazil.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {brazil,c67,carbon emissions,conventional national accounts record,d31,energy use,introduction and literature review,jel classification,multipliers,o54,of commod-,q43,social accounting matrix,the production and absorption},
number = {1961},
pages = {201--226},
title = {{Environmental and Social Accounting for Brazil}},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Sidle2013,
abstract = {Although the concept of ecosystem sustainability has a long-term focus, it is often viewed from a static system perspective. Because most ecosystems are dynamic, we explore sustainability assessments from three additional perspectives: resilient systems; systems where tipping points occur; and systems subject to episodic resetting. Whereas foundations of ecosystem resilience originated in ecology, recent discussions have focused on geophysical attributes, and it is recognized that dynamic system components may not return to their former state following perturbations. Tipping points emerge when chronic changes (typically anthropogenic, but sometimes natural) push ecosystems to thresholds that cause collapse of process and function and may become permanent. Ecosystem resetting occurs when episodic natural disasters breach thresholds with little or no warning, resulting in long-term changes to environmental attributes or ecosystem function. An example of sustainability assessment of ecosystem goods and services along the Gulf Coast (USA) demonstrates the need to include both the resilient and dynamic nature of biogeomorphic components. Mountain road development in northwest Yunnan, China, makes rivers and related habitat vulnerable to tipping points. Ecosystems reset by natural disasters are also presented, emphasizing the need to understand the magnitude frequency and interrelationships among major disturbances, as shown by (i) the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and resulting tsunami, including how unsustainable urban development exacerbates geodisaster propagation, and (ii) repeated major earthquakes and associated geomorphic and vegetation disturbances in Papua New Guinea. Although all of these ecosystem perturbations and shifts are individually recognized, they are not embraced in contemporary sustainable decision making.},
author = {Sidle, Roy C and Benson, William H and Carriger, John F and Kamai, Toshitaka},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1302328110},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Sidle et al. - 2013 - Broader perspective on ecosystem sustainability consequences for decision making.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {China,Conservation of Natural Resources,Conservation of Natural Resources: methods,Decision Support Techniques,Ecosystem,Environment,Landslides,Louisiana,Models, Biological,Papua New Guinea,Wetlands},
month = jun,
number = {23},
pages = {9201--8},
pmid = {23686583},
title = {{Broader perspective on ecosystem sustainability: consequences for decision making.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3677449\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {110},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Cai2013,
abstract = {Oil and natural gas are highly valuable natural resources, but many countries with large untapped reserves suffer from poor economic and social-welfare performance. This conundrum is known as the resource curse. The resource curse is a result of poor governance and wealth distribution structures that allow the elite to monopolize resources for self-gain. When rival social groups compete for natural resources, civil unrest soon follows. While conceptually easy to follow, there have been few formal attempts to study this phenomenon. Thus, we develop a mathematical model that captures the basic elements and dynamics of this dilemma. We show that when resources are monopolized by the elite, increased exportation leads to decreased domestic production. This is due to under-provision of the resource-embedded energy and industrial infrastructure. Decreased domestic production then lowers the marginal return on productive activities, and insurgency emerges. The resultant conflict further displaces human, built, and natural capital. It forces the economy into a vicious downward spiral. Our numerical results highlight the importance of governance reform and productivity growth in reducing oil-and-gas-related conflicts, and thus identify potential points of intervention to break the downward spiral.},
author = {Cai, Yiyong and Newth, David},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0066706},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Cai, Newth - 2013 - Oil, Gas and Conflict A Mathematical Model for the Resource Curse(3).pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-6203},
journal = {PloS one},
month = jan,
number = {6},
pages = {e66706},
pmid = {23826115},
title = {{Oil, Gas and Conflict: A Mathematical Model for the Resource Curse.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3694977\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {8},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Bettencourt2011,
abstract = {The concepts of sustainable development have experienced extraordinary success since their advent in the 1980s. They are now an integral part of the agenda of governments and corporations, and their goals have become central to the mission of research laboratories and universities worldwide. However, it remains unclear how far the field has progressed as a scientific discipline, especially given its ambitious agenda of integrating theory, applied science, and policy, making it relevant for development globally and generating a new interdisciplinary synthesis across fields. To address these questions, we assembled a corpus of scholarly publications in the field and analyzed its temporal evolution, geographic distribution, disciplinary composition, and collaboration structure. We show that sustainability science has been growing explosively since the late 1980s when foundational publications in the field increased its pull on new authors and intensified their interactions. The field has an unusual geographic footprint combining contributions and connecting through collaboration cities and nations at very different levels of development. Its decomposition into traditional disciplines reveals its emphasis on the management of human, social, and ecological systems seen primarily from an engineering and policy perspective. Finally, we show that the integration of these perspectives has created a new field only in recent years as judged by the emergence of a giant component of scientific collaboration. These developments demonstrate the existence of a growing scientific field of sustainability science as an unusual, inclusive and ubiquitous scientific practice and bode well for its continued impact and longevity.},
author = {Bettencourt, Lu\'{\i}s M A and Kaur, Jasleen},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1102712108},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Bettencourt, Kaur - 2011 - Evolution and structure of sustainability science(3).pdf:pdf;:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Bettencourt, Kaur - 2011 - Evolution and structure of sustainability science(4).pdf:pdf;:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Bettencourt, Kaur - 2011 - Evolution and structure of sustainability science(5).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1102712108},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Biotechnology,Biotechnology: legislation \& jurisprudence,Biotechnology: methods,Biotechnology: trends,Conservation of Natural Resources,Conservation of Natural Resources: legislation \& j,Conservation of Natural Resources: methods,Conservation of Natural Resources: trends,Ecosystem,Environmental Monitoring,Environmental Monitoring: legislation \& jurisprude,Environmental Monitoring: methods,Health Promotion,Health Promotion: legislation \& jurisprudence,Health Promotion: methods,Health Promotion: trends,Humans,Interdisciplinary Communication,International Cooperation,Publications,Publications: statistics \& numerical data,Publications: trends,Social Conditions,Time Factors,World Health},
month = dec,
number = {49},
pages = {19540--5},
pmid = {22114186},
title = {{Evolution and structure of sustainability science.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3241817\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Barbier2011,
author = {Barbier, Edward},
doi = {10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01397.x},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Barbier - 2011 - The policy challenges for green economy and sustainable economic development(3).pdf:pdf},
issn = {01650203},
journal = {Natural Resources Forum},
keywords = {as it is,currency transaction tax,ecological scarcity,financial transactions tax,green economy,green growth,inherently a part of,international financial facility,is a strategy,payment for ecosystem,services,sustainable development,we recognize that sustainable},
month = aug,
number = {3},
pages = {233--245},
title = {{The policy challenges for green economy and sustainable economic development}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01397.x},
volume = {35},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Holling1996,
author = {Holling, C S and Meffet, Gary K},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Holling, Meffet - 1996 - Command and Control and the Pathology of Natural Resource Management(3).pdf:pdf},
number = {2},
pages = {328--337},
title = {{Command and Control and the Pathology of Natural Resource Management}},
volume = {10},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Reyers2012a,
author = {Reyers, Belinda and Polasky, Stephen and Tallis, Heather and Mooney, Harold A and Larigauderie, Anne},
file = {:G$\backslash$:/Documents/Mendeley/Library/Reyers et al. - 2012 - Unknown - Finding Common Ground for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {2010,areas,butchart et al,conservation,economic value,human activity has continued,important gains in some,intrinsic value,mental to biodiversity conservation,moving in directions detri-,the dominant flow of,trade-offs},
number = {5},
pages = {503--507},
title = {{Finding Common Ground for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services}},
volume = {62},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Reyers2012,
author = {Reyers, Belinda and Polasky, Stephen and Tallis, Heather and Mooney, Harold A},
doi = {10.1525/bio.2012.62.9.17},
file = {:G$\backslash$:/Documents/Mendeley/Library/Reyers et al. - 2012 - BioScience - Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Similar but Different.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00063568},
journal = {BioScience},
month = sep,
number = {9},
pages = {785--785},
title = {{Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Similar but Different}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/10.1525/bio.2012.62.9.17},
volume = {62},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Ruta2012,
abstract = {Natural resources account for 20\% of world trade and dominate the exports of many countries. Policy is used to manipulate both international and domestic prices of resources, yet policy is largely outside the disciplines of the WTO. The instruments used include export taxes, price controls, production quotas, and domestic producer and consumer taxes (equivalent to trade taxes if no domestic production is possible). We review the literature and argue that the policy equilibrium is inefficient. This inefficiency is exacerbated by market failure in long-run contracts for the exploration and development of natural resources. Properly coordinated policy reforms offer an avenue to resource-exporting and resource-importing countries to overcome these inefficiencies and to obtain mutual gains.},
author = {Ruta, Michele and Venables, Anthony J.},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-resource-110811-114526},
issn = {1941-1340},
journal = {Annual Review of Resource Economics},
keywords = {OPEC,WTO,economics,export tax,international trade,natural resources,tariff escalation,terms of trade,trade},
language = {en},
mendeley-tags = {economics,international trade,natural resources},
month = aug,
number = {1},
pages = {331--352},
publisher = {Annual Reviews},
title = {{International Trade in Natural Resources: Practice and Policy}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-resource-110811-114526},
volume = {4},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Sterner2012,
abstract = {The economics of climate change and the various measures that should be implemented to reduce future damages are highly tied to the use of cost-benefit analysis. Traditional approaches ignore the fact that environmental amenities do not experience the same growth rate as do most of the sectors in the economy, which leads to changing relative prices. Uncertainty should also be considered, especially when one is conducting cost-benefit analysis involving the long-run damages from climate change. This article reviews some theoretical approaches to the economics of discounting and discusses issues associated with unbalanced growth, uncertainty, and spatial discounting.},
author = {Sterner, Thomas and Kyriakopoulou, Efthymia},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-resource-110811-114507},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Mendeley\_local\_transformer/Downloaded/Sterner, Kyriakopoulou - 2012 - (The Economics of) Discounting Unbalanced Growth, Uncertainty, and Spatial Considerations(3).pdf:pdf},
issn = {1941-1340},
journal = {Annual Review of Resource Economics},
keywords = {cost-benefit analysis,discounting,economics,environmental amenities,environmental benefits,natural resources,relative prices,spatial discounting,unbalanced growth},
language = {en},
mendeley-tags = {discounting,economics,environmental benefits,natural resources},
month = aug,
number = {1},
pages = {285--301},
publisher = {Annual Reviews},
title = {{(The Economics of) Discounting: Unbalanced Growth, Uncertainty, and Spatial Considerations}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-resource-110811-114507},
volume = {4},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Hilborn1995,
abstract = {Sustainable exploitation of renewable resources depends on the existence of a reproductive surplus, which is determined by the balance between births, deaths, and somatic growth. The reproductive surplus differs spatially and temporally as environmental conditions vary, and even in the absence of exploitation, change is the rule and constancy is the exception. Sustainable yields may be estimated by direct experimentation, observation of natural systems, or deduction from biological understanding. Each of these approaches has limitations, and for large-scale unique resources, the only way to determine the response of the population to harvesting is by direct exploitation. To find the maximum potential yield, the resource must be overexploited at some time, or very similar resources must have been overexploited. Temporal changes in environmental conditions mean that information on sustainability collected in the past may have limited applicability in the future. The unregulated dynamic of exploiters is to push the resources to overexploitation, and even when regulated, exploiters have been very successful at modifying their behavior so that regulations are less effective than anticipated. The most successful institutions at maintaining sustainability have been small-scale community or private ownership.},
author = {Hilborn, R and Walters, C J and Ludwig, D},
isbn = {0066-4162},
journal = {Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics},
keywords = {ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT,BENGUELA-ECOLOGY-PROGRAM,CONSERVATION,ECOSYSTEMS,EVOLUTION,EXPLOITATION,FISH,FISHERIES MANAGEMENT,HARVESTING,OPTIMAL,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,STOCKS,STRESS,SUSTAINABLE YIELD,SYSTEMS,UNCERTAINTY},
language = {English},
pages = {45--67},
title = {{Sustainable Exploitation of Renewable Resources}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995TH33000004},
volume = {26},
year = {1995}
}
@article{Olesen2002,
abstract = {This paper reviews the knowledge on effects of climate change on agricultural productivity in Europe and the consequences for policy and research. Warming is expected to lead to a northward expansion of suitable cropping areas and a reduction of the growing period of determinate crops (e.g. cereals), but an increase for indeterminate crops (e.g. root crops). Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations will directly enhance plant productivity and also increase resource use efficiencies. In northern areas climate change may produce positive effects on agriculture through introduction of new crop species and varieties, higher crop production and expansion of suitable areas for crop cultivation. Disadvantages may be an increase in the need for plant protection, the risk of nutrient leaching and the turnover of soil organic matter. In southern areas the disadvantages will predominate. The possible increase in water shortage and extreme weather events may cause lower harvestable yields, higher yield variability and a reduction in suitable areas for traditional crops. These effects may reinforce the current trends of intensification of agriculture in northern and western Europe and extensification in the Mediterranean and southeastern parts of Europe. Policy will have to support the adaptation of European agriculture to climate change by encouraging the flexibility of land use, crop production, farming systems etc. In doing so, it is necessary to consider the multifunctional role of agriculture, and to strike a variable balance between economic, environmental and social functions in different European regions. Policy will also need to be concerned with agricultural strategies to mitigate climate change through a reduction in emissions of methane and nitrous oxide, an increase in carbon sequestration in agricultural soils and the growing of energy crops to substitute fossil energy use. The policies to support adaptation and mitigation to climate change will need to be linked closely to the development of agri-environmental schemes in the European Union Common Agricultural Policy. Research will have further to deal with the effect on secondary factors of agricultural production, on the quality of crop and animal production, of changes in frequency of isolated and extreme weather events on agricultural production, and the interaction with the surrounding natural ecosystems. There is also a need to study combined effects of adaptation and mitigation strategies, and include assessments of the consequences on current efforts in agricultural policy to develop a sustainable agriculture that also preserves environmental and social values in the rural society. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
annote = {Times Cited: 54},
author = {Olesen, J E and Bindi, M},
isbn = {1161-0301},
journal = {European Journal of Agronomy},
number = {4},
pages = {239--262},
title = {{Consequences of climate change for European agricultural productivity, land use and policy}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000176208200001},
volume = {16},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Baggio,
abstract = {Countries rich in natural resources constitute both development failures and successes depending on their underlying socioeconomic fundamentals. Recent empirical evidence and theoretical work provide support for a resource-curse hypothesis based on ethnic fractionalization. There is also increasing empirical evidence suggesting that ethnic heterogeneity based on polarization is a strong deterrent of economic growth. In this paper, we explore the interlinkages between natural resource abundance and both measures of ethnic heterogeneity. In a two-simultaneous equation system, we assess the effects of fractionalization and polarization on property-rights protection, and thereby on growth, both directly as well as in interaction with our resource-abundance proxy. We find that ethnic polarization is more likely to have a direct negative impact on the effectiveness of property rights in a resource-rich context, which as we explain may suggest that different ethnic groups treat the contestable resource base as a semi-public good.},
annote = {Times Cited: 0},
author = {Baggio, J A and Papyrakis, E},
doi = {10.1111/j.1746-1049.2010.00116.x},
isbn = {0012-1533},
journal = {Developing Economies},
number = {4},
pages = {473--495},
title = {{ETHNIC DIVERSITY, PROPERTY RIGHTS, AND NATURAL RESOURCES}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000284420600003},
volume = {48}
}
@article{Ross2004a,
abstract = {Since the late 1990s, there has been a flood of research on natural resources and civil war. This article reviews 14 recent cross-national econometric studies, and many qualitative studies, that cast light on the relationship between natural resources and civil war. It suggests that collectively they imply four underlying regularities: first, oil increases the likelihood of conflict, particularly separatist conflict; second, 'lootable' commodities like gemstones and drugs do not make conflict more likely to begin, but they tend to lengthen existing conflicts; third, there is no apparent link between legal agricultural commodities and civil war; and finally, the association between primary commodities - a broad category that includes both oil and agricultural goods - and the onset of civil war is not robust. The first section discusses the evidence for these four regularities and examines some theoretical arguments that could explain them. The second section suggests that some of the remaining inconsistencies among the econometric studies may be caused by differences in the ways they code civil wars and cope with missing data. The third section highlights some further aspects of the resourcc-civil war relationship that remain poorly understood.},
annote = {From Duplicate 1 ( What do we know about natural resources and civil war? - Ross, M L )},
author = {Ross, Michael L.},
doi = {10.1177/0022343304043773},
isbn = {0022-3433},
issn = {00223433},
journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
keywords = {ARMED CONFLICT,DEMOCRACY,ETHNICITY,OIL,PEACE,POLITICAL ECOLOGY},
month = may,
number = {3},
pages = {337--356},
publisher = {SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD},
title = {{What do we know about natural resources and civil war?}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000221702100006 http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full\_record.do?product=WOS\&search\_mode=GeneralSearch\&qid=7\&SID=3EO42gl8iMi@DIL1P8F\&page=1\&doc=1},
volume = {41},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Ross2004,
abstract = {Recent studies have found that natural resources and civil war are highly correlated. Yet the causal mechanisms behind the correlation are not well understood, in part because data on civil wars is scarce and of poor quality. In this article I examine thirteen recent civil wars to explore the mechanisms behind the resource-conflict correlation. I describe seven hypotheses about how resources may influence a conflict, specify the observable implications of each, and report which mechanisms can be observed in a sample of thirteen civil wars in which natural resources were "most likely" to have played a role. I find that two of the most widely cited causal mechanisms do not appear to be valid; that oil, nonfuel minerals, and drugs are causally linked to conflict, but legal agricultural commodities are not; and that resource wealth and civil war are linked by a variety of mechanisms, including several that others had not identified.},
annote = {Times Cited: 57},
author = {Ross, M L},
doi = {10.1017/s02081830458102x},
isbn = {0020-8183},
journal = {International Organization},
number = {1},
pages = {35--67},
title = {{How do natural resources influence civil war? Evidence from thirteen cases}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000220666800003},
volume = {58},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Schollaert2009,
abstract = {We present a model of conflict in which each group decides to claim the country's income and invest in arms or to accept a group neutral allocation of income and not invest in arms. Apart from the usual cooperative or conflictual societies, their strategic choice can result in hierarchically stratified societies in which one group is dominant. We show how the presence and exploitation of certain types of resources matters for the occurrence of conflict or social hierarchical stratification and for the possible effects of trust manipulation. In particular we find that, first, robust (encompassing point and lootable) resource rich economies tend to be conflictual, plantation economies hierarchically stratified and diversified economies cooperative. Second, foreign intervention, aimed at changing the balance of power in the case of conflict, is most effective in robust and diffuse resource rich economies. Third, trust manipulation (as a means to counter conflict) is most effective in subsistence and diffuse resource rich economies. Throughout the article, we cite ample case study and econometric evidence to support our model.},
annote = {Times Cited: 0},
author = {Schollaert, A and {Van de Gaer}, D},
doi = {10.1007/s10640-009-9265-9},
isbn = {0924-6460},
journal = {Environmental \& Resource Economics},
number = {2},
pages = {145--165},
title = {{Natural Resources and Internal Conflict}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000271403100001},
volume = {44},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Maxwell2000,
abstract = {As time passes, renewable resource scarcities are becoming more common. There is increasing evidence that these scarcities are a causal factor in political conflict, especially in developing countries. We present a simple dynamic model of renewable resource and population interaction featuring the possibility of conflict triggered by per capita resource scarcity, in the model, conflict diverts resources away from resource harvesting, increases the death rate, and damages the resource. The two former effects may speed the return to a peaceful steady state. If conflict results in resource destruction, however, it may destabilize the system, leading it towards collapse. Conflict due to renewable resource scarcity could be cyclical, implying recurring phases of conflict. However, such conflict cannot last for ever. We use the model to examine various policy scenarios concerning population control and technical innovations in harvesting and natural resource growth, ii key insight of the: model is the importance of the bidirectional interplay between conflict and resource scarcity, as opposed to the unidirectional notion that resource scarcity leads to conflict. As such, the model points to the need for the use of simultaneous equation econometric models in empirical investigations of resource scarcity and conflict.},
annote = {Times Cited: 10},
author = {Maxwell, J W and Reuveny, R},
isbn = {0022-3433},
journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
number = {3},
pages = {301--322},
title = {{Resource scarcity and conflict in developing countries}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000087100100002},
volume = {37},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Green2005,
abstract = {This article begins by summarizing social scientific perspectives on the connection between natural resources and conflicts. From these theoretical perspectives, a number of key concepts are identified and defined. These key concepts are then integrated into a general model which speculates on the connections between them and conflicts over natural resources. Finally, an analysis of cases of international freshwater disputes and more specifically the dispute between Slovakia and Hungary over the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros dam on the Danube River is used to assess the utility of the general model of natural resource conflict.},
annote = {Times Cited: 1},
author = {Green, B E},
isbn = {0049-1225},
journal = {Sociologia},
number = {3},
pages = {227--248},
title = {{A general model of natural resource conflicts: The case of international freshwater disputes}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000232562400002},
volume = {37},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Neumann,
abstract = {In this second of three reports exploring the incorporation of human geography theory within political ecology I focus on regions. I review how regions are theorized in human geography and conclude that political ecologists have used the concept inconsistently. I suggest that three trajectories in recent studies offer possibilities for a more rigorous theorization of regions within political ecology: (1) work employing theorizations of the social production of space and the co-constitution of nature, space, and society; (2) engagements with the political economy of natural resources literature, especially resource conflict; and (3) work linking historical materialist-oriented 'new' regional geography with discourse theory.},
annote = {Times Cited: 1},
author = {Neumann, R P},
doi = {10.1177/0309132509343045},
isbn = {0309-1325},
journal = {Progress in Human Geography},
number = {3},
pages = {368--374},
title = {{Political ecology II: theorizing region}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000278757300006},
volume = {34}
}
@article{Richter2007,
abstract = {Historical models postulate that genocide cannot occur without the ideology and decisions of its authoritarian perpetrators and the indifference of bystanders. These models do not address genocidal risks from ecocide. Study objectives were to assess 1) the role of Malthusian pressures in recent genocides, 2) the role of ecocide and ecologic abuse in creating these pressures, and 3) strategies for prevention and deterrence. Analysis of reports, demographic studies, and time trends in recent genocides and recent ecocidal events from ecologic abuse suggests that Malthusian pressures and zero-sum rivalries over water, arable land, or natural resources by themselves do not lead to genocide. Such pressures may have exacerbated the political and socioeconomic predictors in Rwanda and Darfur, but not in former Yugoslavia. However, collapse of socioeconomic and governmental infrastructures following genocide can leave behind massive sustained damage to carrying capacity and sustainability. Surviving Victims, if them, return to their environments, will remain at risk for persecution. Ecocide-the large-scale destruction, depletion, or contamination of natural ecosvstems-can result in widespread damage to health, survival, fertility, reproduction, and sustenance, and forced flight. International early warning and effective response systems are needed to deter or prevent political decisions to carry out genocide. Such systems must include long-term measures to resolve zero-sum conflicts over environmental resources and to prevent toxic risks to vulnerable populations and destruction of habitat by deliberate or wanton ecologic abuse, which itself should be redefined as a crime against humanity.},
annote = {From Duplicate 2 ( Malthusian pressures, genocide, and ecocide - Richter, E D; Blum, R; Berman, T; Stanton, G H )},
author = {Richter, Elihu D. and Blum, Rony and Berman, Tamar and Stanton, Gregory H.},
isbn = {1077-3525},
issn = {1077-3525},
journal = {International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health},
keywords = {CONFLICT,Malthusian pressures,environment,genocide,humans},
mendeley-tags = {Malthusian pressures,environment,genocide,humans},
number = {3},
pages = {331--341},
publisher = {ABEL PUBLICATION SERVICES},
title = {{Malthusian pressures, genocide, and ecocide}},
url = {http://apps.webofknowledge.com/CitedFullRecord.do?product=UA\&colName=WOS\&SID=R2I9lJkCi8lApEPl8D9\&search\_mode=CitedFullRecord\&isickref=WOS:000249403200010\&cacheurlFromRightClick=no <Go to ISI>://WOS:000249403200010},
volume = {13},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Rees2006,
abstract = {I examine the impact of expanding international trade and migration on prospects for global sustainability from a strictly biophysical/ecological/behavioral perspective. My starting premise is that techno-industrial society is inherently unsustainable. Humans have a natural propensity to expand to occupy all accessible habitats and use all available resources. Because of continuous growth propelled by improving technology, the modem human enterprise is already in a state of ecological overshoot. Globalization and trade exacerbate the situation by shuffling resources around and short-circuiting the negative feedback that would otherwise result from local resource degradation. This allows population and material growth within each individual trading region to exceed local biophysical limits. This, in turn, accelerates the depletion of natural capital everywhere and ensures that all now trade-dependent regions hit global limits simultaneously. Large-scale migration also worsens matters by reducing negative feedback and enabling increased resource consumption. Moreover, because resource scarcity is likely to precipitate conflict among self-identifying 'tribal' groups within multi-cultural societies, uncontrolled migration may create conditions that impede the implementation of policy measures required for ecological sustainability. Global sustainability is thus most likely to be achieved through policies that foster increased regional self-reliance, encourage greater investment in local natural capital, and favor the development of strong, diverse local economies 'in place.' Such measures will raise local (and therefore global) bio-capacities and reduce both the pull and push factors in international migration. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
annote = {Times Cited: 3},
author = {Rees, W E},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.12.021},
isbn = {0921-8009},
journal = {Ecological Economics},
number = {2},
pages = {220--225},
title = {{Globalization, trade and migration: Undermining sustainability}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000241090900009},
volume = {59},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Norgaard1996,
annote = {Times Cited: 0},
author = {Norgaard, R},
isbn = {0034-6764},
journal = {Review of Social Economy},
number = {3},
pages = {379--381},
title = {{Coevolutionary economics: The economy, society and the environment - Gowdy,J}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:A1996VQ61200007},
volume = {54},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Norgaard1977,
annote = {Times Cited: 0},
author = {Norgaard, R B},
isbn = {0023-7639},
journal = {Land Economics},
number = {2},
pages = {267--271},
title = {{ECONOMIC-THEORY OF NATURAL-RESOURCES - HERFINDAHL,OC AND KNEESE,AV}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:A1977DG41500016},
volume = {53},
year = {1977}
}
@article{Norgaard2008,
abstract = {Over the past quarter century, a new scientific activity has emerged: collective assessments by large numbers of scientists from different disciplines combining their expertise to better understand human interrelations with nature and to inform policy. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment exceeded all such assessments before it in both the breadth of its coverage and the depth of its analysis of socioecological system dynamics. The findings are not encouraging. Nearly all ecosystems are being degraded and will continue to be degraded for decades to come even if policy changes are initiated now. For scientists participating in the assessment, the MA had another disconcerting aspect. It clearly shows that our fragmented, disciplinary knowledges cannot simply be combined to form an understanding of a whole complex system. Counterbalancing the despair of the findings and scientific difficulties of aggregating specialized knowledges, the MA demonstrated the potential of a deliberative democratic approach to grappling with complex problems.},
annote = {Times Cited: 9},
author = {Norgaard, Richard B},
doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00922.x},
isbn = {0888-8892},
journal = {Conservation Biology},
number = {4},
pages = {862--869},
title = {{Finding hope in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000258216600012},
volume = {22},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Norgaard1984,
annote = {Times Cited: 103},
author = {Norgaard, R B},
doi = {10.2307/3145970},
isbn = {0023-7639},
journal = {Land Economics},
number = {2},
pages = {160--173},
title = {{COEVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:A1984SN40300003},
volume = {60},
year = {1984}
}
@article{Norgaard1985,
annote = {Times Cited: 43},
author = {Norgaard, R B},
doi = {10.1016/0095-0696(85)90007-5},
isbn = {0095-0696},
journal = {Journal of Environmental Economics and Management},
number = {4},
pages = {382--394},
title = {{ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS - AN EVOLUTIONARY CRITIQUE AND A PLEA FOR PLURALISM}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:A1985AYC4900007},
volume = {12},
year = {1985}
}
@article{Norgaard1991,
annote = {Times Cited: 1},
author = {Norgaard, R B},
doi = {10.1016/0095-0696(91)90043-i},
isbn = {0095-0696},
journal = {Journal of Environmental Economics and Management},
number = {2},
pages = {195--199},
title = {{ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF RESOURCE SCARCITY - A MORE CRITICAL REPLY}},
url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:A1991GA37300009},
volume = {21},
year = {1991}
}
@article{Cushing2015,
abstract = {A growing body of literature suggests that more unequal societies have more polluted and degraded environments, perhaps helping explain why more unequal societies are often less healthy. We summarize the mechanisms by which inequality can lead to environmental degradation and their relevance for public health. We review the evidence of a relationship between environmental quality and social inequality along the axes of income, wealth, political power, and race and ethnicity. Our review suggests that the evidence is strongest for air- and water-quality measures that have more immediate health implications; evidence is less strong for more dispersed pollutants that have longer-term health impacts. More attention should be paid in research and in practice to links among inequality, the environment, and health, including more within-country studies that may elucidate causal pathways and points of intervention. We synthesize common metrics of inequality and methodological considerations in an effort to bring cohesion to such efforts.},
annote = {PMID: 25785890},
author = {Cushing, Lara and Morello-Frosch, Rachel and Wander, Madeline and Pastor, Manuel},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122646},
journal = {Annual Review of Public Health},
number = {1},
pages = {193--209},
title = {{The Haves, the Have-Nots, and the Health of Everyone: The Relationship Between Social Inequality and Environmental Quality}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122646},
volume = {36},
year = {2015}
}