answer_50.cpp

#include <opencv2/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>

// BGR -> Gray
cv::Mat BGR2GRAY(cv::Mat img){
  // get height and width
  int width = img.cols;
  int height = img.rows;

  // prepare output
  cv::Mat out = cv::Mat::zeros(height, width, CV_8UC1);

  // each y, x
  for (int y = 0; y < height; y++){
    for (int x = 0; x < width; x++){
      // BGR -> Gray
      out.at<uchar>(y, x) = 0.2126 * (float)img.at<cv::Vec3b>(y, x)[2] \
        + 0.7152 * (float)img.at<cv::Vec3b>(y, x)[1] \
        + 0.0722 * (float)img.at<cv::Vec3b>(y, x)[0];
    }
  }

  return out;
}

float clip(float value, float min, float max){
  return fmin(fmax(value, 0), 255);
}

// gaussian filter
cv::Mat gaussian_filter(cv::Mat img, double sigma, int kernel_size){
  int height = img.rows;
  int width = img.cols;
  int channel = img.channels();

  // prepare output
  cv::Mat out = cv::Mat::zeros(height, width, CV_8UC3);
  if (channel == 1) {
    out = cv::Mat::zeros(height, width, CV_8UC1);
  }

  // prepare kernel
  int pad = floor(kernel_size / 2);
  int _x = 0, _y = 0;
  double kernel_sum = 0;
  
  // get gaussian kernel
  float kernel[kernel_size][kernel_size];

  for (int y = 0; y < kernel_size; y++){
    for (int x = 0; x < kernel_size; x++){
      _y = y - pad;
      _x = x - pad; 
      kernel[y][x] = 1 / (2 * M_PI * sigma * sigma) * exp( - (_x * _x + _y * _y) / (2 * sigma * sigma));
      kernel_sum += kernel[y][x];
    }
  }

  for (int y = 0; y < kernel_size; y++){
    for (int x = 0; x < kernel_size; x++){
      kernel[y][x] /= kernel_sum;
    }
  }

  // filtering
  double v = 0;
  
  for (int y = 0; y < height; y++){
    for (int x = 0; x < width; x++){
      // for BGR
      if (channel == 3){
        for (int c = 0; c < channel; c++){
          v = 0;
          for (int dy = -pad; dy < pad + 1; dy++){
            for (int dx = -pad; dx < pad + 1; dx++){
              if (((x + dx) >= 0) && ((y + dy) >= 0) && ((x + dx) < width) && ((y + dy) < height)){
                v += (double)img.at<cv::Vec3b>(y + dy, x + dx)[c] * kernel[dy + pad][dx + pad];
              }
            }
          }
          out.at<cv::Vec3b>(y, x)[c] = (uchar)clip(v, 0, 255);
        }
      } else {
        // for Gray
        v = 0;
        for (int dy = -pad; dy < pad + 1; dy++){
          for (int dx = -pad; dx < pad + 1; dx++){
            if (((x + dx) >= 0) && ((y + dy) >= 0) && ((x + dx) < width) && ((y + dy) < height)){
              v += (double)img.at<uchar>(y + dy, x + dx) * kernel[dy + pad][dx + pad];
            }
          }
        }
        out.at<uchar>(y, x) = (uchar)clip(v, 0, 255);
      }
    }
  }
  return out;
}

// Sobel filter
cv::Mat sobel_filter(cv::Mat img, int kernel_size, bool horizontal){
  int height = img.rows;
  int width = img.cols;
  int channel = img.channels();

  // prepare output
  cv::Mat out = cv::Mat::zeros(height, width, CV_8UC1);

  // prepare kernel
  double kernel[kernel_size][kernel_size] = {{1, 2, 1}, {0, 0, 0}, {-1, -2, -1}};

  if (horizontal){
    kernel[0][1] = 0;
    kernel[0][2] = -1;
    kernel[1][0] = 2;
    kernel[1][2] = -2;
    kernel[2][0] = 1;
    kernel[2][1] = 0;
  }

  int pad = floor(kernel_size / 2);

  double v = 0;

  // filtering  
  for (int y = 0; y < height; y++){
    for (int x = 0; x < width; x++){
      v = 0;
      for (int dy = -pad; dy < pad + 1; dy++){
        for (int dx = -pad; dx < pad + 1; dx++){
          if (((y + dy) >= 0) && (( x + dx) >= 0) && ((y + dy) < height) && ((x + dx) < width)){
            v += (double)img.at<uchar>(y + dy, x + dx) * kernel[dy + pad][dx + pad];
          }
        }
      }
      out.at<uchar>(y, x) = (uchar)clip(v, 0, 255);
    }
  }
  return out;
}

// get edge
cv::Mat get_edge(cv::Mat fx, cv::Mat fy){
  // get height and width
  int height = fx.rows;
  int width = fx.cols;

  // prepare output
  cv::Mat out = cv::Mat::zeros(height, width, CV_8UC1);

  double _fx, _fy;

  for(int y = 0; y < height; y++){
    for(int x = 0; x < width; x++){
      _fx = (double)fx.at<uchar>(y, x);
      _fy = (double)fy.at<uchar>(y, x);

      out.at<uchar>(y, x) = (uchar)clip(sqrt(_fx * _fx + _fy * _fy), 0, 255);
    }
  }

  return out;
}

// get angle
cv::Mat get_angle(cv::Mat fx, cv::Mat fy){
  // get height and width
  int height = fx.rows;
  int width = fx.cols;

  // prepare output
  cv::Mat out = cv::Mat::zeros(height, width, CV_8UC1);

  double _fx, _fy;
  double angle;

  for(int y = 0; y < height; y++){
    for(int x = 0; x < width; x++){
      _fx = fmax((double)fx.at<uchar>(y, x), 0.000001);
      _fy = (double)fy.at<uchar>(y, x);

      angle = atan2(_fy, _fx);
      angle = angle / M_PI * 180;

      if(angle < -22.5){
        angle = 180 + angle;
      } else if (angle >= 157.5) {
        angle = angle - 180;
      }

      //std::cout << angle << " " ;

      // quantization
      if (angle <= 22.5){
        out.at<uchar>(y, x) = 0;
      } else if (angle <= 67.5){
        out.at<uchar>(y, x) = 45;
      } else if (angle <= 112.5){
        out.at<uchar>(y, x) = 90;
      } else {
        out.at<uchar>(y, x) = 135;
      }
    }
  }

  return out;
}


// non maximum suppression
cv::Mat non_maximum_suppression(cv::Mat angle, cv::Mat edge){
  int height = angle.rows;
  int width = angle.cols;
  int channel = angle.channels();

  int dx1, dx2, dy1, dy2;
  int now_angle;

  // prepare output
  cv::Mat _edge = cv::Mat::zeros(height, width, CV_8UC1);

  for (int y = 0; y < height; y++){
    for (int x = 0; x < width; x++){
      now_angle = angle.at<uchar>(y, x);
      // angle condition
      if (now_angle == 0){
        dx1 = -1;
        dy1 = 0;
        dx2 = 1;
        dy2 = 0;
      } else if(now_angle == 45) {
        dx1 = -1;
        dy1 = 1;
        dx2 = 1;
        dy2 = -1;
      } else if(now_angle == 90){
        dx1 = 0;
        dy1 = -1;
        dx2 = 0;
        dy2 = 1;
      } else {
        dx1 = -1;
        dy1 = -1;
        dx2 = 1;
        dy2 = 1;
      }

      if (x == 0){
        dx1 = fmax(dx1, 0);
        dx2 = fmax(dx2, 0);
      }
      if (x == (width - 1)){
        dx1 = fmin(dx1, 0);
        dx2 = fmin(dx2, 0);
      }
      if (y == 0){
        dy1 = fmax(dy1, 0);
        dy2 = fmax(dy2, 0);
      }
      if (y == (height - 1)){
        dy1 = fmin(dy1, 0);
        dy2 = fmin(dy2, 0);
      }

      // if pixel is max among adjuscent pixels, pixel is kept
      if (fmax(fmax(edge.at<uchar>(y, x), edge.at<uchar>(y + dy1, x + dx1)), edge.at<uchar>(y + dy2, x + dx2)) == edge.at<uchar>(y, x)) {
        _edge.at<uchar>(y, x) = edge.at<uchar>(y, x);
      }
    }
  }

  return _edge;
}

// histerisis
cv::Mat histerisis(cv::Mat edge, int HT, int LT){
  int height = edge.rows;
  int width = edge.cols;
  int channle = edge.channels();

  // prepare output
  cv::Mat _edge = cv::Mat::zeros(height, width, CV_8UC1);

  int now_pixel;

  for (int y = 0; y < height; y++){
    for (int x = 0; x < width; x++){
      // get pixel
      now_pixel = edge.at<uchar>(y, x);

      // if pixel >= HT
      if (now_pixel >= HT){
        _edge.at<uchar>(y, x) = 255;
      } 
      // if LT < pixel < HT
      else if (now_pixel > LT) {
        for (int dy = -1; dy < 2; dy++){
          for (int dx = -1; dx < 2; dx++){
            // if 8 nearest neighbor pixel >= HT
            if (edge.at<uchar>(fmin(fmax(y + dy, 0), 255), fmin(fmax(x + dx, 0), 255)) >= HT){
              _edge.at<uchar>(y, x) = 255;
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return _edge;
}


// Canny
cv::Mat Canny(cv::Mat img){
  // BGR -> Gray
  cv::Mat gray = BGR2GRAY(img);

  // gaussian filter
  cv::Mat gaussian = gaussian_filter(gray, 1.4, 5);

  // sobel filter (vertical)
  cv::Mat fy = sobel_filter(gaussian, 3, false);

  // sobel filter (horizontal)
  cv::Mat fx = sobel_filter(gaussian, 3, true);

  // get edge
  cv::Mat edge = get_edge(fx, fy);

  // get angle
  cv::Mat angle = get_angle(fx, fy);

  // edge non-maximum suppression
  edge = non_maximum_suppression(angle, edge);

  // histerisis
  edge = histerisis(edge, 50, 20);

  return edge;
}

// Morphology Erode
cv::Mat Morphology_Erode(cv::Mat img, int Erode_time){
  int height = img.cols;
  int width = img.rows;

  // output image
  cv::Mat tmp_img;
  cv::Mat out = img.clone();

  // for erode time
  for (int i = 0; i < Erode_time; i++){
    tmp_img = out.clone();

    // each pixel
    for (int y = 0; y < height; y++){
      for (int x = 0; x < width; x++){
        // check left pixel
        if ((x > 0) && (tmp_img.at<uchar>(y, x - 1) == 255)){
          out.at<uchar>(y, x) = 255;
          continue;
        } 

        // check up pixel
        if ((y > 0) && (tmp_img.at<uchar>(y - 1, x) == 255)){
          out.at<uchar>(y, x) = 255;
          continue;
        }

        // check right pixel
        if ((x < width - 1) && (tmp_img.at<uchar>(y, x + 1) == 255)){
          out.at<uchar>(y, x) = 255;
          continue;
        }

        // check left pixel
        if ((y < height - 1) && (tmp_img.at<uchar>(y + 1, x) == 255)){
          out.at<uchar>(y, x) = 255;
          continue;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  return out;
}

// Morphology Dilate
cv::Mat Morphology_Dilate(cv::Mat img, int Dilate_time){
  int height = img.cols;
  int width = img.rows;

  // output image
  cv::Mat tmp_img;
  cv::Mat out = img.clone();

  // for erode time
  for (int i = 0; i < Dilate_time; i++){
    tmp_img = out.clone();

    // each pixel
    for (int y = 0; y < height; y++){
      for (int x = 0; x < width; x++){
        // check left pixel
        if ((x > 0) && (tmp_img.at<uchar>(y, x - 1) == 0)){
          out.at<uchar>(y, x) = 0;
          continue;
        } 

        // check up pixel
        if ((y > 0) && (tmp_img.at<uchar>(y - 1, x) == 0)){
          out.at<uchar>(y, x) = 0;
          continue;
        }

        // check right pixel
        if ((x < width - 1) && (tmp_img.at<uchar>(y, x + 1) == 0)){
          out.at<uchar>(y, x) = 0;
          continue;
        }

        // check left pixel
        if ((y < height - 1) && (tmp_img.at<uchar>(y + 1, x) == 0)){
          out.at<uchar>(y, x) = 0;
          continue;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  return out;
}

// Morphology closing
cv::Mat Morphology_Closing(cv::Mat img, int open_time){

  // Morphology erode
  img = Morphology_Erode(img, open_time);

  // Morphology dilate
  img = Morphology_Dilate(img, open_time);

  return img;
}


int main(int argc, const char* argv[]){
  // read image
  cv::Mat img = cv::imread("imori.jpg", cv::IMREAD_COLOR);

  // Canny
  cv::Mat edge = Canny(img);

  // Morphology Opening
  cv::Mat out = Morphology_Closing(edge, 1);

  //cv::imwrite("out.jpg", out);
  cv::imshow("sample", out);
  cv::waitKey(0);
  cv::destroyAllWindows();

  return 0;
}