diff --git a/Project.toml b/Project.toml
index 13cf4d80..10d70f70 100644
--- a/Project.toml
+++ b/Project.toml
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ Random = "9a3f8284-a2c9-5f02-9a11-845980a1fd5c"
 RecursiveArrayTools = "731186ca-8d62-57ce-b412-fbd966d074cd"
 SciMLBase = "0bca4576-84f4-4d90-8ffe-ffa030f20462"
 SparseArrays = "2f01184e-e22b-5df5-ae63-d93ebab69eaf"
+Static = "aedffcd0-7271-4cad-89d0-dc628f76c6d3"
 StaticArrays = "90137ffa-7385-5640-81b9-e52037218182"
 SteadyStateDiffEq = "9672c7b4-1e72-59bd-8a11-6ac3964bc41f"
 StyledStrings = "f489334b-da3d-4c2e-b8f0-e476e12c162b"
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ Random = "1"
 RecursiveArrayTools = "3.27.0"
 SciMLBase = "2"
 SparseArrays = "1"
+Static = "1.1.1"
 StaticArrays = "1.9.4"
 SteadyStateDiffEq = "2.2.0"
 StyledStrings = "1.0.3"
diff --git a/ext/CUDAExt.jl b/ext/CUDAExt.jl
index adf42ca6..21257356 100644
--- a/ext/CUDAExt.jl
+++ b/ext/CUDAExt.jl
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 module CUDAExt
-using NetworkDynamics: Network, NetworkLayer, VertexBatch, EdgeBatch,
+using NetworkDynamics: Network, NetworkLayer, ComponentBatch,
                        KAAggregator, AggregationMap, SparseAggregator,
                        LazyGBufProvider, EagerGBufProvider, LazyGBuf,
-                       dispatchT, compf, compg, fftype, iscudacompatible, executionstyle
+                       dispatchT, iscudacompatible, executionstyle
 using NetworkDynamics.PreallocationTools: DiffCache
 using NetworkDynamics: KernelAbstractions as KA
 
@@ -84,29 +84,14 @@ end
 ####
 #### Adapt VertexBatch/EdgeBatch
 ####
-function Adapt.adapt_structure(to::Type{<:CuArray{<:AbstractFloat}}, b::VertexBatch)
+function Adapt.adapt_structure(to::Type{<:CuArray{<:AbstractFloat}}, b::ComponentBatch)
     Adapt.adapt_structure(CuArray, b)
 end
-function Adapt.adapt_structure(to::Type{<:CuArray{<:AbstractFloat}}, b::EdgeBatch)
-    Adapt.adapt_structure(CuArray, b)
-end
-function Adapt.adapt_structure(to, b::VertexBatch)
-    idxs = adapt(to, b.indices)
-    f = compf(b)
-    g = compg(b)
-    ff = fftype(b)
-    VertexBatch{dispatchT(b), typeof.((f,g,ff,idxs))...}(
-        idxs, f, g, ff, b.statestride, b.outstride, b.pstride, b.aggbufstride)
+function Adapt.adapt_structure(to, b::ComponentBatch)
+    indices = adapt(to, b.indices)
+    ComponentBatch(dispatchT(b), indices, b.compf, b.compg, b.ff,
+        b.statestride, b.pstride, b.inbufstride, b.outbufstride)
 end
-function Adapt.adapt_structure(to, b::EdgeBatch)
-    idxs = adapt(to, b.indices)
-    f = compf(b)
-    g = compg(b)
-    ff = fftype(b)
-    EdgeBatch{dispatchT(b), typeof.((f,g,ff,idxs))...}(
-        idxs, f, g, ff, b.statestride, b.outstride, b.pstride, b.gbufstride)
-end
-
 
 ####
 #### utils
diff --git a/src/NetworkDynamics.jl b/src/NetworkDynamics.jl
index ca6cc548..ce2e5e48 100644
--- a/src/NetworkDynamics.jl
+++ b/src/NetworkDynamics.jl
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ using FastClosures: @closure
 using ForwardDiff: ForwardDiff
 using Printf: @sprintf
 using Random: Random
+using Static: Static, StaticInt
 
 @static if VERSION ≥ v"1.11.0-0"
     using Base: AnnotatedIOBuffer, AnnotatedString
diff --git a/src/construction.jl b/src/construction.jl
index cb90d2f8..a12525e1 100644
--- a/src/construction.jl
+++ b/src/construction.jl
@@ -277,76 +277,36 @@ end
 
 function VertexBatch(im::IndexManager, idxs::Vector{Int}; verbose)
     components = @view im.vertexm[idxs]
+    _compT  = dispatchT(first(components))
+    _compf  = compf(first(components))
+    _compg  = compg(first(components))
+    _ff     = fftype(first(components))
+    _dim    = dim(first(components))
+    _pdim   = pdim(first(components))
+    _outdim = outdim(first(components))
 
-    try
-        # TODO: those checks seems expensive and redundant
-        # _compT = dispatchT(only(unique(dispatchT, components)))
-        # _compf = compf(only(unique(compf, components)))
-        # _compg = compg(only(unique(compg, components)))
-        # _ff    = fftype(only(unique(fftype, components)))
-        # _dim = dim(only(unique(dim, components)))
-        # _outdim = outdim(only(unique(outdim, components)))
-        # _pdim = pdim(only(unique(pdim, components)))
-        _compT = dispatchT(first(components))
-        _compf = compf(first(components))
-        _compg = compg(first(components))
-        _ff    = fftype(first(components))
-        _dim = dim(first(components))
-        _outdim = outdim(first(components))
-        _pdim = pdim(first(components))
-
-        (statestride, outstride, pstride, aggbufstride) =
-            register_vertices!(im, _dim, _outdim, _pdim, idxs)
+    strides = register_vertices!(im, _dim, _outdim, _pdim, idxs)
 
-        verbose &&
-        println(" - VertexBatch: dim=$(_dim), pdim=$(_pdim), length=$(length(idxs))")
+    verbose && println(" - VertexBatch: dim=$(_dim), pdim=$(_pdim), length=$(length(idxs))")
 
-        VertexBatch{_compT, typeof(_compf), typeof(_compg), typeof(_ff), typeof(idxs)}(
-            idxs, _compf, _compg, _ff, statestride, outstride, pstride, aggbufstride)
-    catch e
-        if e isa ArgumentError && startswith(e.msg, "Collection has multiple elements")
-            throw(ArgumentError("Provided vertex models $idxs use the same function but have different metadata (dim, pdim,type,...)"))
-        else
-            rethrow(e)
-        end
-    end
+    ComponentBatch(_compT, idxs, _compf, _compg, _ff, strides.state, strides.p, strides.in, strides.out)
 end
 
 function EdgeBatch(im::IndexManager, idxs::Vector{Int}; verbose)
     components = @view im.edgem[idxs]
+    _compT  = dispatchT(first(components))
+    _compf  = compf(first(components))
+    _compg  = compg(first(components))
+    _ff     = fftype(first(components))
+    _dim    = dim(first(components))
+    _pdim   = pdim(first(components))
+    _outdim = outdim(first(components))
 
-    try
-        # TODO: those checks seems expensive and redundant
-        # _compT = dispatchT(only(unique(dispatchT, components)))
-        # _compf = compf(only(unique(compf, components)))
-        # _compg = compg(only(unique(compg, components)))
-        # _ff    = fftype(only(unique(fftype, components)))
-        # _dim = dim(only(unique(dim, components)))
-        # _outdim = outdim(only(unique(outdim, components)))
-        # _pdim = pdim(only(unique(pdim, components)))
-        _compT = dispatchT(first(components))
-        _compf = compf(first(components))
-        _compg = compg(first(components))
-        _ff    = fftype(first(components))
-        _dim = dim(first(components))
-        _outdim = outdim(first(components))
-        _pdim = pdim(first(components))
-
-        (statestride, outstride, pstride, gbufstride) =
-            register_edges!(im, _dim, _outdim, _pdim, idxs)
+    strides = register_edges!(im, _dim, _outdim, _pdim, idxs)
 
-        verbose &&
-        println(" - EdgeBatch: dim=$(_dim), pdim=$(_pdim), length=$(length(idxs))")
+    verbose && println(" - EdgeBatch: dim=$(_dim), pdim=$(_pdim), length=$(length(idxs))")
 
-        EdgeBatch{_compT, typeof(_compf), typeof(_compg), typeof(_ff), typeof(idxs)}(
-            idxs, _compf, _compg, _ff, statestride, outstride, pstride, gbufstride)
-    catch e
-        if e isa ArgumentError && startswith(e.msg, "Collection has multiple elements")
-            throw(ArgumentError("Provided edge models $idxs use the same function but have different metadata (dim, pdim,type,...)"))
-        else
-            rethrow(e)
-        end
-    end
+    ComponentBatch(_compT, idxs, _compf, _compg, _ff, strides.state, strides.p, strides.in, strides.out)
 end
 
 batch_by_idxs(v, idxs::Vector{Vector{Int}}) = [v for batch in idxs]
diff --git a/src/coreloop.jl b/src/coreloop.jl
index a32ea1c6..861a221e 100644
--- a/src/coreloop.jl
+++ b/src/coreloop.jl
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ end
         _o   = _needs_out(fg, batch) ? view(o, out_range(batch, i))         : nothing
         _du  = _needs_du(fg, batch)  ? view(du, state_range(batch, i))      : nothing
         _u   = _needs_u(fg, batch)   ? view(u,  state_range(batch, i))      : nothing
-        _agg = _needs_in(fg, batch)  ? view(aggbuf, aggbuf_range(batch, i)) : nothing
+        _agg = _needs_in(fg, batch)  ? view(aggbuf, in_range(batch, i))     : nothing
         _p   = _needs_p(fg, batch) && _indexable(p) ? view(p,  parameter_range(batch, i))  : p
         evalf(fg, batch) && apply_compf(compf(batch), _du, _u, (_agg,), _p, t)
         evalg(fg, batch) && apply_compg(fftype(batch), compg(batch), (_o,), _u, (_agg,), _p, t)
diff --git a/src/gbufs.jl b/src/gbufs.jl
index 1834a2da..b797a278 100644
--- a/src/gbufs.jl
+++ b/src/gbufs.jl
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ struct EagerGBufProvider{MT,C} <: GBufProvider
 end
 
 function EagerGBufProvider(im::IndexManager, batches)
-    map = zeros(Int, ne(im.g) * im.vdepth, 2)
+    map = zeros(Int, ne(im.g) * im.vdepth * 2)
     for (i, e) in pairs(im.edgevec)
-        map[im.e_gbufr[i], 1] .= im.v_out[e.src]
-        map[im.e_gbufr[i], 2] .= im.v_out[e.dst]
+        map[im.e_gbufr[i].src] .= im.v_out[e.src]
+        map[im.e_gbufr[i].dst] .= im.v_out[e.dst]
     end
 
     N = ForwardDiff.pickchunksize(max(im.lastidx_dynamic, im.lastidx_p))
@@ -25,9 +25,8 @@ get_gbuf(bufp::EagerGBufProvider, o) = get_tmp(bufp.diffcache, o)
 gather!(bufp::EagerGBufProvider, gbuf, o) = NNlib.gather!(gbuf, o, bufp.map)
 
 Base.@propagate_inbounds function get_src_dst(gbuf::AbstractArray, batch, i)
-    bufr = @views gbuf_range(batch, i)
-    src = @views gbuf[bufr, 1]
-    dst = @views gbuf[bufr, 2]
+    src = @views gbuf[in_range(batch, i, :src)]
+    dst = @views gbuf[in_range(batch, i, :dst)]
     src, dst
 end
 
diff --git a/src/network_structure.jl b/src/network_structure.jl
index ffc98d0b..d998b3e7 100644
--- a/src/network_structure.jl
+++ b/src/network_structure.jl
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ mutable struct IndexManager{G}
     e_data::Vector{UnitRange{Int}}  # e data in flat states
     e_out::Vector{@NamedTuple{src::UnitRange{Int},dst::UnitRange{Int}}}   # e range in output buf
     e_para::Vector{UnitRange{Int}}  # e para in flat para
-    e_gbufr::Vector{UnitRange{Int}} # e input range in gather buffer
+    e_gbufr::Vector{@NamedTuple{src::UnitRange{Int},dst::UnitRange{Int}}}   # e range in input buf
     # metadata
     edepth::Int
     vdepth::Int
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ mutable struct IndexManager{G}
                        (Vector{UnitRange{Int}}(undef, nv(g)) for i in 1:4)...,
                        Vector{UnitRange{Int}}(undef, ne(g)),
                        Vector{@NamedTuple{src::UnitRange{Int},dst::UnitRange{Int}}}(undef, ne(g)),
-                       (Vector{UnitRange{Int}}(undef, ne(g)) for i in 1:2)...,
+                       Vector{UnitRange{Int}}(undef, ne(g)),
+                       Vector{@NamedTuple{src::UnitRange{Int},dst::UnitRange{Int}}}(undef, ne(g)),
                        edepth, vdepth,
                        0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                        vertexm, edgem,
@@ -124,46 +125,30 @@ struct NetworkLayer{GT,ETup,AF}
     vdepth::Int # potential becomes range for multilayer
 end
 
-abstract type ComponentBatch{F} end
-
-struct VertexBatch{T<:VertexModel,F,G,FFT,IV<:AbstractVector{<:Integer}} <: ComponentBatch{T}
-    "vertex indices contained in batch"
-    indices::IV
-    "vertex function"
-    compf::F
-    "vertex output function"
-    compg::G
-    ff::FFT
-    "state: dimension and first index"
-    statestride::BatchStride{1}
-    "output: dimension and first index"
-    outstride::BatchStride{1}
-    "parameter: dimension and first index"
-    pstride::BatchStride{1}
-    "aggregation: dimension and first index"
-    aggbufstride::BatchStride{1}
-end
-
-struct EdgeBatch{T<:EdgeModel,F,G,FFT,IV<:AbstractVector{<:Integer}} <: ComponentBatch{T}
-    "edge indices (as in edge iterator) contained in batch"
+struct ComponentBatch{T,F,G,FFT,DIM,PDIM,INDIMS,OUTDIMS,IV}
+    "indices contained in batch"
     indices::IV
-    "edge function"
+    "internal function"
     compf::F
-    "edge output funciton"
+    "output function"
     compg::G
     ff::FFT
     "state: dimension and first index"
-    statestride::BatchStride{1}
-    "output: dimension and first index"
-    outstride::BatchStride{2}
+    statestride::BatchStride{DIM}
     "parameter: dimension and first index"
-    pstride::BatchStride{1}
-    "gathered vector: dimension and first index"
-    gbufstride::BatchStride{1}
+    pstride::BatchStride{PDIM}
+    "inputbuf: dimension(s) and first index"
+    inbufstride::BatchStride{INDIMS}
+    "outputbuf: dimension(s) and first index"
+    outbufstride::BatchStride{OUTDIMS}
+    function ComponentBatch(dT, i, f, g, ff, ss, ps, is, os)
+        new{dT,typeof.((f,g,ff))...,stridesT.((ss, ps, is, os))...,typeof(i)}(
+            i, f, g, ff, ss, ps, is, os)
+    end
 end
 
 @inline Base.length(cb::ComponentBatch) = Base.length(cb.indices)
-@inline dispatchT(::ComponentBatch{F}) where {F} = F
+@inline dispatchT(::ComponentBatch{T}) where {T} = T
 @inline compf(b::ComponentBatch) = b.compf
 @inline compg(b::ComponentBatch) = b.compg
 @inline fftype(b::ComponentBatch) = b.ff
@@ -172,10 +157,10 @@ end
 
 @inline state_range(batch, i)     = _range(batch.statestride, i)
 @inline parameter_range(batch, i) = _range(batch.pstride, i)
-@inline out_range(batch, i) = _range(batch.outstride, i)
-@inline out_range(batch, i, j) = _range(batch.outstride, i, j)
-@inline aggbuf_range(batch, i)    = _range(batch.aggbufstride, i)
-@inline gbuf_range(batch, i)      = _range(batch.gbufstride, i)
+@inline out_range(batch, i)       = _range(batch.outbufstride, i)
+@inline out_range(batch, i, j)    = _range(batch.outbufstride, i, j)
+@inline in_range(batch, i)        = _range(batch.inbufstride, i)
+@inline in_range(batch, i, j)     = _range(batch.inbufstride, i, j)
 
 function register_vertices!(im::IndexManager, dim, outdim, pdim, idxs)
     for i in idxs
@@ -184,10 +169,12 @@ function register_vertices!(im::IndexManager, dim, outdim, pdim, idxs)
         im.v_para[i] = _nextprange!(im, pdim)
         im.v_aggr[i] = _nextaggrrange!(im, im.edepth)
     end
-    (BatchStride(first(im.v_data[first(idxs)]), dim),
-     BatchStride(first(im.v_out[first(idxs)]), outdim),
-     BatchStride(first(im.v_para[first(idxs)]), pdim),
-     BatchStride(first(im.v_aggr[first(idxs)]), im.edepth))
+    (;
+     state = BatchStride(first(im.v_data[first(idxs)]), dim),
+     p     = BatchStride(first(im.v_para[first(idxs)]), pdim),
+     in    = BatchStride(first(im.v_aggr[first(idxs)]), im.edepth),
+     out   = BatchStride(first(im.v_out[first(idxs)]), outdim),
+    )
 end
 function register_edges!(im::IndexManager, dim, outdim, pdim, idxs)
     for i in idxs
@@ -196,12 +183,15 @@ function register_edges!(im::IndexManager, dim, outdim, pdim, idxs)
         im.e_out[i]   = (src = _nextoutrange!(im, outdim.src),
                          dst = _nextoutrange!(im, outdim.dst))
         im.e_para[i]  = _nextprange!(im, pdim)
-        im.e_gbufr[i] = _nextgbufrange!(im, im.vdepth)
+        im.e_gbufr[i] = (src = _nextgbufrange!(im, im.vdepth),
+                         dst = _nextgbufrange!(im, im.vdepth))
     end
-    (BatchStride(first(im.e_data[first(idxs)]), dim),
-     BatchStride(first(flatrange(im.e_out[first(idxs)])), (outdim.src, outdim.dst)),
-     BatchStride(first(im.e_para[first(idxs)]), pdim),
-     BatchStride(first(im.e_gbufr[first(idxs)]), im.vdepth))
+    (;
+     state = BatchStride(first(im.e_data[first(idxs)]), dim),
+     p     = BatchStride(first(im.e_para[first(idxs)]), pdim),
+     in    = BatchStride(first(flatrange(im.e_gbufr[first(idxs)])), (;src=im.vdepth, dst=im.vdepth)),
+     out   = BatchStride(first(flatrange(im.e_out[first(idxs)])), (;src=outdim.src, dst=outdim.dst)),
+    )
 end
 function _nexturange!(im::IndexManager, N)
     newlast, range = _nextrange(im.lastidx_dynamic, N)
diff --git a/src/utils.jl b/src/utils.jl
index 445d9c1e..860785f8 100644
--- a/src/utils.jl
+++ b/src/utils.jl
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
-struct BatchStride{N}
+struct BatchStride{T}
     first::Int
-    strides::NTuple{N,Int}
+    strides::T # either StaticInt, Tuple or NamedTuple of StaticInt
 end
-BatchStride(first::Int, stride::Int) = BatchStride(first, (stride,))
+stridesT(::BatchStride{T}) where {T} = T
+function BatchStride(first::Int, strides::Union{Tuple,NamedTuple})
+    strides = map(Static.static, strides)
+    BatchStride{typeof(strides)}(first, strides)
+end
+BatchStride(first::Int, stride::Int) = BatchStride(first, Static.static(stride))
 
 # get full stride length (all substrides)
-_fullstride(bs::BatchStride{1}) = @inbounds bs.strides[1]
 _fullstride(bs::BatchStride) = sum(bs.strides)
 
 # full range for N elements with this stride
@@ -14,15 +18,21 @@ _fullstride(bs::BatchStride) = sum(bs.strides)
 end
 
 # range of i-th element
-@inline function _range(bs::BatchStride{1}, i)
+@inline function _range(bs::BatchStride{<:StaticInt}, i)
     start = bs.first + (i - 1) * _fullstride(bs)
     start:start+_fullstride(bs)-1
 end
 # subrange j of i-th element
-@inline function _range(bs::BatchStride{N}, i, j) where {N}
-    start = bs.first + (i - 1) * _fullstride(bs) + sum(bs.strides[1:j-1], init=0)
+@inline function _range(bs::BatchStride{<:Union{Tuple, NamedTuple}}, i, j)
+    start = bs.first + (i - 1) * _fullstride(bs) + _sum_upto_dim(bs.strides, j)
     start:start+bs.strides[j]-1
 end
+@inline _sum_upto_dim(t::Tuple, idx, init=0) = sum(t[1:idx-1], init=0)
+@inline _sum_upto_dim(t::NamedTuple, idx::Int) = _sum_upto_dim(values(t), idx)
+@inline function _sum_upto_dim(t::NamedTuple, name::Symbol)
+    idx = findfirst(isequal(name), keys(t))
+    _sum_upto_dim(values(t), idx)
+end
 
 flatrange(r::AbstractRange) = r
 function flatrange(rs::@NamedTuple{src::UnitRange{Int}, dst::UnitRange{Int}})
diff --git a/test/Project.toml b/test/Project.toml
index c26e2f34..b6296f61 100644
--- a/test/Project.toml
+++ b/test/Project.toml
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ SciMLBase = "0bca4576-84f4-4d90-8ffe-ffa030f20462"
 SimpleWeightedGraphs = "47aef6b3-ad0c-573a-a1e2-d07658019622"
 SparseArrays = "2f01184e-e22b-5df5-ae63-d93ebab69eaf"
 StableRNGs = "860ef19b-820b-49d6-a774-d7a799459cd3"
+Static = "aedffcd0-7271-4cad-89d0-dc628f76c6d3"
 SteadyStateDiffEq = "9672c7b4-1e72-59bd-8a11-6ac3964bc41f"
 SymbolicIndexingInterface = "2efcf032-c050-4f8e-a9bb-153293bab1f5"
 Test = "8dfed614-e22c-5e08-85e1-65c5234f0b40"
diff --git a/test/runtests.jl b/test/runtests.jl
index 002c49f8..3022c7da 100644
--- a/test/runtests.jl
+++ b/test/runtests.jl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ using ExplicitImports
     NetworkDynamics.CHECK_COMPONENT[] = false
     @safetestset "construction test" begin include("construction_test.jl") end
     @safetestset "Aggregation Tests" begin include("aggregators_test.jl") end
-    @safetestset "Symbolic Indexing Tests" begin include("symbolicindexing_test.jl") end
     @safetestset "massmatrix test" begin include("massmatrix_test.jl") end
     NetworkDynamics.CHECK_COMPONENT[] = true
 
+    @safetestset "Symbolic Indexing Tests" begin include("symbolicindexing_test.jl") end
     @safetestset "doctor test" begin include("doctor_test.jl") end
 
     @safetestset "Diffusion test" begin include("diffusion_test.jl") end
diff --git a/test/utils_test.jl b/test/utils_test.jl
index a50d2789..999dc043 100644
--- a/test/utils_test.jl
+++ b/test/utils_test.jl
@@ -112,4 +112,37 @@ using NetworkDynamics
         @test str_significant(0.00000122; sigdigits=3) == "1.22e-6"
         @test str_significant(-123.294191; sigdigits=5) == "-123.29"
     end
+
+    @testset "batch stride" begin
+        using NetworkDynamics: BatchStride, _fullstride, _fullrange, _range
+        using Static
+
+        b1 = BatchStride(2, 3)
+        b2 = BatchStride(2, (3, 1))
+
+        @test _fullstride(b1) == 3
+        @test _fullstride(b2) == 4
+        Test.@inferred _fullstride(b1)
+        Test.@inferred _fullstride(b2)
+
+        @test _fullrange(b1, 2) == 2:(2*3+2-1)
+        @test _fullrange(b2, 2) == 2:(2*(3+1)+2-1)
+
+        @test _range(b1, 1) == 2:4
+        @test _range(b1, 2) == 5:7
+        @test _range(b2, 1, 1) == 2:4
+        @test _range(b2, 1, 2) == 5:5
+        @test _range(b2, 2, 1) == 6:8
+        @test _range(b2, 2, 2) == 9:9
+
+        # named batch stride
+        bn = BatchStride(2, (;src=3, dst=1))
+        @test _fullstride(bn) == 4
+        Test.@inferred _fullstride(bn)
+        @test _fullrange(bn, 2) == 2:(2*(3+1)+2-1)
+        @test _range(bn, 1, 1) == 2:4
+        @test _range(bn, 1, 2) == 5:5
+        @test _range(bn, 2, 1) == 6:8
+        @test _range(bn, 2, 2) == 9:9
+    end
 end