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Web to Desktop framework comparison

This repository has been made to create an objective comparison of multiple frameworks that allow us to "transform" our web apps to desktop applications.

Table Of Content

Major characteristics

Electron Tauri NW.JS Wails NodeGui Neutralino Flutter .Net MAUI
Github stars 114.3k 84.3k 40.4k 25.2k 8.9k 7.5k 166.1k 22.2k
Forks 15.4k 2.5k 3.9k 1.2k 0.3k 0.4k 27.4k 1.7k
Creation date 2013 2019 2011 2019 2019 2018 2018 2020
Last Update 11/2024 11/2024 10/2024 11/2024 10/2024 11/2024 11/2024 11/2024
Framework Language C++, JS, Objective-C, Python Rust C++ Go C++ C++ C, C++, Dart C#
Usage Language - Back JS, C++ Rust JS, C++ Go JS, C++ JS, C++ Dart C#
Usage Language - Front HTML, CSS, JS HTML, CSS, JS HTML, CSS, JS HTML, CSS, JS HTML, CSS, JS HTML, CSS, JS Dart C#
License MIT MIT MIT MIT MIT MIT BSD 3-Clause MIT
Developer Dependencies Node.js, Electron NPM Package C++ Compiler, Node.js, Rustc, Cargo Node.js, NW.JS SDK Go 1.18+, Node 15+, Wails Cmake, make, Node.js, NodeGUI NPM Package Node.js, Neu NPM Package Flutter SDK, Visual Studio 2019 / Clang .Net SDK, Visual Studio (optional), WebView2 (optional), Xcode (optional)
User Dependencies None None None None None None None None
Dependencies / modules support npm & node.js native addons cargo (back), npm (front) npm & node.js native addons Gomod (back), npm (front) npm & node.js native addons ❌ pub.dev NuGet
Engine Chromium WRY (WebKitGTK for Linux, WebKit for MacOS, Webview2 for Windows) Webkit, Chromium WebKit2gtk on Linux, Webview2 on Windows and WkWebview on Mac Qt WebkitGTK+ Flutter engine .NET MAUI

See GRAPHS.md for stars/forks visualization.

Features

Electron Tauri NW.JS Wails NodeGui Neutralino Flutter .Net MAUI
Integrated updater? Official Official Community Planned No Official No, but there are community solutions No
Automated Tests Standard node.js tests (back-end) or Webdriver/Playwright (UI) Cargo (back-end) or Webdriver (UI) Standard node.js tests (back-end) or Webdriver(UI) ? ? ? Integrated Standard C# tests (back-end), no official solution for UI
WebGL Support Yes Yes Yes Yes ? Yes Yes Yes, but not on all flavors

Front-end frameworks/technologies

Electron Tauri NW.JS NodeGui Neutralino Wails Flutter .Net MAUI
Angular Yes Yes, official via Vite Yes Yes, community Yes Yes No No
NextJS ? Yes, official ? ? ? Yes No No
Preact Yes Yes, official via Vite Yes ? Yes Yes No No
Qwik Yes Yes, official Yes ? Yes Yes No No
React Yes Yes, official via Vite Yes Yes, official but EOL Yes Yes No No
Svelte Yes Yes, official via sveltekit or Vite Yes Yes, official Yes Yes No No
Vue Yes Yes, official via Vite Yes Yes, official Yes Yes No No
Vite Yes Yes, official Yes ? Yes Yes No No

Operating systems support

Electron Tauri NW.JS Wails NodeGui Neutralino Flutter .Net MAUI
Development Environment Windows ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
MacOS ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
Linux ✔️1 ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
Target Environment Windows ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
MacOS ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
Linux ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ Soon
Android ❌ Soon2 Requested Requested ❌ ❌ ✔️ ✔️
iOS ❌ In progress2 ❌ Requested ❌ ❌ ✔️ ✔️
tvOS ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌ ✔️
Web ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌ ✔️3 ✔️ ❌

1: Linux 32-bit support dropped
2: https://github.com/tauri-apps/tauri#platforms
3: Uses modes to generate web apps

Benchmarks

See benchmarks.json to get more information about the following data.

Note: These benchmarks are done on GitHub CI. There are ways to make measurements more accurate (e.g., multiple runs), but they will never be perfectly accurate, as they totally depend on system load and resources. You should read these tables as a comparison between frameworks for the same OS, architecture, and app, with a margin of error.

01-empty-app

See source in benchmark/01-empty-app folder.

Build size

Electron Tauri NW.JS Wails NodeGui Neutralino Flutter .Net MAUI .Net MAUI w/ Vue
Windows (x64) ≈280MB ≈1MB ≈427MB ≈9MB ≈171MB ≈2MB ≈24MB N/A1 N/A2
Windows (x86) ≈248MB ? ≈384MB ? ? ? ? N/A1 N/A2
Windows (ARM64) ≈295MB ? Requested ? ? ? ? N/A1 N/A2
MacOS (x64) ≈433MB ? ≈595MB ? ? ≈1MB ? N/A1 N/A2
MacOS (arm64) ≈410MB ≈3MB ≈543MB ≈7MB ? ≈2MB ? N/A1 N/A2
Linux (x64) ≈1GB ≈2MB ≈520MB ≈7MB ≈75MB ≈1MB ? N/A1 N/A2
Linux (x86) ? ? ≈523MB ? ? ? ? N/A1 N/A2
Linux (ARMv7l) ≈221MB ? Requested ? ? ? ? N/A1 N/A2
Linux (ARM64) ≈289MB ? Requested ? ? ≈1MB ? N/A1 N/A2

Build time

Electron Tauri NW.JS Wails NodeGui Neutralino Flutter .Net MAUI .Net MAUI w/ Vue
Windows (x64) ≈3128ms ≈170440ms ≈7033ms ≈5922ms ≈8268ms ≈170ms ≈33589ms N/A1 N/A2
Windows (x86) ≈3128ms ? ≈7033ms ? ? ? ? N/A1 N/A2
Windows (ARM64) ≈3128ms ? Requested ? ? ? ? N/A1 N/A2
MacOS (x64) ≈4264ms ? ≈7100ms ? ? ≈329ms ? N/A1 N/A2
MacOS (arm64) ≈4264ms ≈67454ms ≈7100ms ≈23988ms ? ≈170ms ? N/A1 N/A2
Linux (x64) ≈2996ms ≈208151ms ≈8013ms ≈29913ms ≈6516ms ≈170ms ? N/A1 N/A2
Linux (x86) ? ? ≈8013ms ? ? ? ? N/A1 N/A2
Linux (ARMv7l) ≈2996ms ? Requested ? ? ? ? N/A1 N/A2
Linux (ARM64) ≈2996ms ? Requested ? ? ≈170ms ? N/A1 N/A2

Memory Usage - (Average of runs) Median of used memory for main process and children ones)

Electron Tauri NW.JS Wails NodeGui Neutralino Flutter .Net MAUI .Net MAUI w/ Vue
Windows (x64) ≈351MB (Debug) => ≈252MB (Release) ≈509MB (Debug) => ≈423MB (Release) ≈271MB (Debug) => ≈289MB (Release) ≈408MB (Debug) => ≈261MB (Release) ≈191MB (Debug) ≈455MB (Debug) => ≈415MB (Release) ≈784MB (Debug) => ≈57MB (Release) N/A1 N/A2
MacOS (arm64) ≈416MB (Debug) => ≈319MB (Release) ≈189MB (Debug) => ≈66MB (Release) ≈734MB (Debug) => ≈509MB (Release) ≈254MB (Debug) => ≈77MB (Release) ≈146MB (Debug) ≈122MB (Debug) ≈396MB (Debug) N/A1 N/A2
Linux (x64) ≈710MB (Debug) => ≈594MB (Release) ≈310MB (Debug) => ≈94MB (Release) ≈791MB (Debug) => ≈877MB (Release) ≈646MB (Debug) => ≈431MB (Release) ≈296MB (Debug) ≈1GB (Debug) => ≈969MB (Release) ≈514MB (Debug) N/A1 N/A2

Memory Usage - (Average of runs) Median of difference between system measured free memory before execution and during execution)

Electron Tauri NW.JS Wails NodeGui Neutralino Flutter .Net MAUI .Net MAUI w/ Vue
Windows (x64) ≈169MB (Debug) => ≈85MB (Release) ≈196MB (Debug) => ≈155MB (Release) ≈343MB (Debug) => ≈126MB (Release) ≈274MB (Debug) => ≈163MB (Release) ≈156MB (Debug) ≈292MB (Debug) => ≈253MB (Release) ≈749MB (Debug) => ≈41MB (Release) N/A1 N/A2
MacOS (arm64) ≈155MB (Debug) => ≈112MB (Release) ≈129MB (Debug) => ≈84MB (Release) ≈376MB (Debug) => ≈174MB (Release) ≈216MB (Debug) => ≈85MB (Release) ≈78MB (Debug) ≈108MB (Debug) ≈1GB (Debug) N/A1 N/A2
Linux (x64) ≈140MB (Debug) => ≈99MB (Release) ≈97MB (Debug) => ≈24MB (Release) ≈397MB (Debug) => ≈200MB (Release) ≈251MB (Debug) => ≈161MB (Release) ≈106MB (Debug) ≈516MB (Debug) => ≈495MB (Release) ≈403MB (Debug) N/A1 N/A2

Start duration

Electron Tauri NW.JS Wails NodeGui Neutralino Flutter .Net MAUI .Net MAUI w/ Vue
Windows (x64) ≈564ms (Debug) => ≈209ms (Release) ≈2344ms (Debug) => ≈416ms (Release) ≈6640ms (Debug) => ≈562ms (Release) ≈7610ms (Debug) => ≈406ms (Release) ≈9172ms (Debug) ? ≈8710ms (Debug) => ≈68ms (Release) N/A1 N/A2
MacOS (arm64) ≈374ms (Debug) => ≈228ms (Release) ≈3922ms (Debug) => ≈1771ms (Release) ≈4321ms (Debug) => ≈722ms (Release) ≈4922ms (Debug) => ≈1770ms (Release) ? ≈1849ms (Debug) ≈24879ms (Debug) N/A1 N/A2
Linux (x64) ≈421ms (Debug) => ≈274ms (Release) ≈26826ms (Debug) => ≈25294ms (Release) ≈5261ms (Debug) => ≈438ms (Release) ≈3024ms (Debug) => ≈251ms (Release) ? ≈488ms (Debug) => ≈342ms (Release) ≈28999ms (Debug) N/A1 N/A2

1: Benchmark WIP (See #319)
2: Benchmark WIP (See #319)

02-empty-app-frameless

See source in benchmark/02-empty-app-frameless folder.

Build size

Electron Tauri NW.JS Wails NodeGui Neutralino Flutter .Net MAUI .Net MAUI w/ Vue
Windows (x64) ≈280MB ≈1MB ≈427MB ≈9MB ≈171MB ≈2MB N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
Windows (x86) ≈248MB ? ≈384MB ? ? ? N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
Windows (ARM64) ≈295MB ? Requested ? ? ? N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
MacOS (x64) ≈433MB ? ≈595MB ? ? ≈1MB N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
MacOS (arm64) ≈410MB ≈3MB ≈543MB ≈7MB ? ≈2MB N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
Linux (x64) ≈1GB ≈2MB ≈520MB ≈7MB ≈75MB ≈1MB N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
Linux (x86) ? ? ≈523MB ? ? ? N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
Linux (ARMv7l) ≈221MB ? Requested ? ? ? N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
Linux (ARM64) ≈289MB ? Requested ? ? ≈1MB N/A1 N/A2 N/A3

Build time

Electron Tauri NW.JS Wails NodeGui Neutralino Flutter .Net MAUI .Net MAUI w/ Vue
Windows (x64) ≈3102ms ≈187051ms ≈22946ms ≈6303ms ≈8810ms ≈177ms N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
Windows (x86) ≈3102ms ? ≈22946ms ? ? ? N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
Windows (ARM64) ≈3102ms ? Requested ? ? ? N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
MacOS (x64) ≈1868ms ? ≈6177ms ? ? ≈345ms N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
MacOS (arm64) ≈1868ms ≈66604ms ≈6177ms ≈23308ms ? ≈177ms N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
Linux (x64) ≈2932ms ≈214049ms ≈38340ms ≈30160ms ≈6625ms ≈177ms N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
Linux (x86) ? ? ≈38340ms ? ? ? N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
Linux (ARMv7l) ≈2932ms ? Requested ? ? ? N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
Linux (ARM64) ≈2932ms ? Requested ? ? ≈177ms N/A1 N/A2 N/A3

Memory Usage - (Average of runs) Median of used memory for main process and children ones)

Electron Tauri NW.JS Wails NodeGui Neutralino Flutter .Net MAUI .Net MAUI w/ Vue
Windows (x64) ≈348MB (Debug) => ≈250MB (Release) ≈336MB (Debug) => ≈255MB (Release) ≈158MB (Debug) => ≈287MB (Release) ≈737MB (Debug) => ≈261MB (Release) ≈165MB (Debug) ≈630MB (Debug) => ≈416MB (Release) N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
MacOS (arm64) ≈416MB (Debug) => ≈320MB (Release) ≈186MB (Debug) => ≈63MB (Release) ≈749MB (Debug) => ≈505MB (Release) ≈247MB (Debug) => ≈70MB (Release) ≈146MB (Debug) ≈120MB (Debug) N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
Linux (x64) ≈709MB (Debug) => ≈590MB (Release) ≈310MB (Debug) => ≈94MB (Release) ≈397MB (Debug) => ≈877MB (Release) ≈642MB (Debug) => ≈433MB (Release) ≈295MB (Debug) ≈1GB (Debug) => ≈976MB (Release) N/A1 N/A2 N/A3

Memory Usage - (Average of runs) Median of difference between system measured free memory before execution and during execution)

Electron Tauri NW.JS Wails NodeGui Neutralino Flutter .Net MAUI .Net MAUI w/ Vue
Windows (x64) ≈167MB (Debug) => ≈101MB (Release) ≈230MB (Debug) => ≈153MB (Release) ≈297MB (Debug) => ≈130MB (Release) ≈239MB (Debug) => ≈164MB (Release) ≈114MB (Debug) ≈294MB (Debug) => ≈275MB (Release) N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
MacOS (arm64) ≈166MB (Debug) => ≈118MB (Release) ≈140MB (Debug) => ≈85MB (Release) ≈388MB (Debug) => ≈174MB (Release) ≈218MB (Debug) => ≈87MB (Release) ≈84MB (Debug) ≈111MB (Debug) N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
Linux (x64) ≈138MB (Debug) => ≈102MB (Release) ≈104MB (Debug) => ≈24MB (Release) ≈286MB (Debug) => ≈202MB (Release) ≈248MB (Debug) => ≈160MB (Release) ≈101MB (Debug) ≈516MB (Debug) => ≈508MB (Release) N/A1 N/A2 N/A3

Start duration

Electron Tauri NW.JS Wails NodeGui Neutralino Flutter .Net MAUI .Net MAUI w/ Vue
Windows (x64) ≈592ms (Debug) => ≈214ms (Release) ≈2420ms (Debug) => ≈438ms (Release) ≈7143ms (Debug) => ≈575ms (Release) ≈8024ms (Debug) => ≈430ms (Release) ≈4610ms (Debug) ? N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
MacOS (arm64) ≈365ms (Debug) => ≈228ms (Release) ≈3870ms (Debug) => ≈1747ms (Release) ≈3671ms (Debug) => ≈664ms (Release) ≈4594ms (Debug) => ≈1756ms (Release) ? ≈1850ms (Debug) N/A1 N/A2 N/A3
Linux (x64) ≈416ms (Debug) => ≈270ms (Release) ≈26836ms (Debug) => ≈25298ms (Release) ≈5644ms (Debug) => ≈436ms (Release) ≈3171ms (Debug) => ≈256ms (Release) ? ≈497ms (Debug) => ≈349ms (Release) N/A1 N/A2 N/A3

1: Frameless mode not supported yet
2: Frameless mode not working
3: Frameless mode not working

Future content

See Issues and Pull requests. You can participate by proposing new issues, or by filling them!

Contributors

List of contributors to this repository