References.bib

@report{Biddi14,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Bidding {{Zones Literature Review}}},
  url = {https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/sites/default/files/docs/2014/10/fta_bidding_zone_configuration_literature_review_1.pdf},
  institution = {{Ofgem}},
  date = {2014-07},
  pages = {14}
}

@report{Tidba10,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Cost and {{Performance Assumptions}} for {{Modeling Electricity Generation Technologies}}},
  url = {https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy11osti/48595.pdf},
  number = {NREL/SR-6A20-48595},
  institution = {{National Renewable Energy Laboratory}},
  type = {Subcontract Report},
  date = {2010},
  pages = {211},
  author = {Tidball, R and Bluestein, J and Rodriguez, N and Knoke, S and Macknick, J}
}

@online{Membe15,
  langid = {american},
  title = {Member {{Directory}} \& {{Map}} -- {{CPMR North Sea Commission}}},
  url = {https://cpmr-northsea.org/who-we-are/member-directory-map/},
  abstract = {This map shows the member regions of the North Sea Commission of the Conference of Peripheral Maritime Regions. Choose the content of the map by clicking on the tab in the top left corner and then ticking the desired institution. Click on a member region for more information.},
  urldate = {2019-03-03},
  date = {2015-10-21T19:37:55+00:00}
}

@article{Herbs12,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Introduction to {{Energy Systems Modelling}}},
  volume = {148},
  issn = {2235-6282},
  url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03399363},
  doi = {10.1007/BF03399363},
  abstract = {SummaryThe energy demand and supply projections of the Swiss government funded by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy and carried out by a consortium of institutes and consulting companies are based on two types of energy models: macroeconomic general equilibrium models and bottom-up models for each sector. While the macroeconomic models are used to deliver the economic, demographic and policy framework conditions as well as the macroeconomic impacts of particular scenarios, the bottom-up models simulate the technical developments in the final energy sectors and try to optimise electricity generation under the given boundary conditions of a particular scenario. This introductory article gives an overview of some of the energy models used in Switzerland and — more importantly — some insights into current advanced energy system modelling practice pointing to the characteristics of the two modelling types and their advantages and limitations.},
  number = {2},
  journaltitle = {Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics},
  shortjournal = {Swiss J Economics Statistics},
  urldate = {2018-08-17},
  date = {2012-04-01},
  pages = {111-135},
  keywords = {bottom-up,C63,energy modelling,hybrid energy system modelling,L61,Switzerland,top-down},
  author = {Herbst, Andrea and Toro, Felipe and Reitze, Felix and Jochem, Eberhard}
}

@thesis{Krook15,
  langid = {english},
  location = {{Göteborg, Sweden}},
  title = {National {{Energy System Modelling}} for {{Supporting Energy}} and {{Climate Policy Decision}}-Making : {{The Case}} of {{Sweden}}},
  url = {http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17594},
  shorttitle = {National {{Energy System Modelling}} for {{Supporting Energy}} and {{Climate Policy Decision}}-Making},
  abstract = {Energy system models can contribute in evaluating impacts of energy and climate policies. The process of working with energy system models assists the understanding of the quantita¬tive relationshi ...},
  institution = {{Chalmers University of Technology}},
  urldate = {2018-09-24},
  date = {2015},
  author = {Krook-Riekkola, Anna}
}

@article{Josko11,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Comparing the {{Costs}} of {{Intermittent}} and {{Dispatchable Electricity Generating Technologies}}},
  volume = {101},
  issn = {0002-8282},
  url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/29783746},
  doi = {10.1257/aer.101.3.238},
  abstract = {Economic evaluations of alternative electric generating technologies typically rely on comparisons between their expected "levelized cost" per MWh supplied. I demonstrate that this metric is inappropriate for comparing intermittent generating technologies like wind and solar with dispatchable generating technologies like nuclear, gas combined cycle, and coal. It overvalues intermittent generating technologies compared to dispatchable base load generating technologies. It also likely overvalues wind generating technologies compared to solar generating technologies. Integrating differences in production profiles, the associated variations in wholesale market prices of electricity, and life-cycle costs associated with different generating technologies is necessary to provide meaningful comparisons between them.},
  number = {3},
  journaltitle = {American Economic Review},
  shortjournal = {Am. Econ. Rev.},
  urldate = {2018-11-14},
  date = {2011-05},
  pages = {238-241},
  keywords = {Capacity; Electric Utilities; Energy: Demand and Supply; Alternative Energy Sources,Capital; Total Factor; and Multifactor Productivity,Cost,Production},
  author = {Joskow, Paul L.}
}

@online{EPEX,
  title = {{{EPEX SPOT SE}}: {{About EPEX SPOT}}},
  url = {http://www.epexspot.com/en/company-info/about_epex_spot},
  urldate = {2018-11-23}
}

@report{Overv16,
  location = {{Brussels, Belgium}},
  title = {Overview of {{European Electricity Markets}}},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/overview_of_european_electricity_markets.pdf},
  series = {{{METIS Technical Notes}}},
  institution = {{European Union}},
  urldate = {2018-11-26},
  date = {2016-02}
}

@report{Globa18,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Global {{Energy Transformation}}: {{A Roadmap}} to 2050},
  url = {http://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Apr/Global-Energy-Transition-A-Roadmap-to-2050},
  shorttitle = {Global {{Energy Transformation}}},
  abstract = {This report identifies key areas for global action to scale up renewables, cut energy-related carbon emissions and meet key climate goals.},
  institution = {{International Renewable Energy Agency}},
  urldate = {2018-11-14},
  date = {2018}
}

@online{Regio,
  langid = {american},
  title = {Regional {{Security Coordinators FAQ}}},
  url = {https://www.entsoe.eu/major-projects/rscis/},
  urldate = {2018-11-18}
}

@report{Manag12,
  location = {{Somers, NY, USA}},
  title = {Managing Big Data for Smart Grids and Smart Meters},
  url = {http://www.ibmbigdatahub.com/whitepaper/managing-big-data-smart-grids-and-smart-meters},
  institution = {{IBM Corporation}},
  urldate = {2018-06-18},
  date = {2012}
}

@report{Towar18,
  location = {{Brussels, Belgium}},
  title = {Towards a Consumer-Centric System},
  url = {http://www.elia.be/~/media/files/Elia/StakeholderDay/Elia-Vision-paper-2018_Front-Spreads-Back.pdf},
  institution = {{Elia Group}},
  date = {2018}
}

@article{Lund17,
  title = {Smart Energy and Smart Energy Systems},
  volume = {137},
  issn = {0360-5442},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544217308812},
  doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2017.05.123},
  abstract = {In recent years, the terms “Smart Energy” and “Smart Energy Systems” have been used to express an approach that reaches broader than the term “Smart grid”. Where Smart Grids focus primarily on the electricity sector, Smart Energy Systems take an integrated holistic focus on the inclusion of more sectors (electricity, heating, cooling, industry, buildings and transportation) and allows for the identification of more achievable and affordable solutions to the transformation into future renewable and sustainable energy solutions. This paper first makes a review of the scientific literature within the field. Thereafter it discusses the term Smart Energy Systems with regard to the issues of definition, identification of solutions, modelling, and integration of storage. The conclusion is that the Smart Energy System concept represents a scientific shift in paradigms away from single-sector thinking to a coherent energy systems understanding on how to benefit from the integration of all sectors and infrastructures.},
  journaltitle = {Energy},
  shortjournal = {Energy},
  urldate = {2018-12-19},
  date = {2017-10-15},
  pages = {556-565},
  keywords = {Smart grid,Energy system modelling,Electro fuels,Power-to-Gas,Power-to-heat,Renewable energy systems},
  author = {Lund, Henrik and Østergaard, Poul Alberg and Connolly, David and Mathiesen, Brian Vad}
}

@report{Erbac16,
  title = {Understanding Electricity Markets in the {{EU}}},
  url = {http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2016/593519/EPRS_BRI(2016)593519_EN.pdf},
  institution = {{European Union}},
  type = {Briefing},
  urldate = {2018-11-22},
  date = {2016-11},
  author = {Erbach, Gregor}
}

@online{Seem,
  title = {See Market Data for All Areas | {{Nord Pool}}},
  url = {http://www.nordpoolspot.com/Market-data1/},
  abstract = {Here you will find market data for all areas.},
  urldate = {2018-11-23}
}

@online{Renew,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Renewable Energy - {{Energy}} - {{European Commission}}},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/renewable-energy},
  abstract = {Renewable energy - Energy},
  urldate = {2018-10-12}
}

@online{Energ,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Energy Modelling - {{EU Reference Scenario}} 2016},
  url = {https://data.europa.eu/euodp/data/dataset/energy-modelling},
  abstract = {The EU Reference Scenario is one of the European Commission\&\#39;s key analysis tools in the areas of energy, transport and climate action. It is updated regularly as it projects the impact of current...},
  urldate = {2018-11-01}
}

@online{ENTSO,
  title = {{{ENTSO}}-{{E Transparency Platform}}},
  url = {https://transparency.entsoe.eu/},
  urldate = {2018-11-07}
}

@online{About,
  title = {About the Project | {{ENSYSTRA}}},
  url = {https://ensystra.eu/about-the-project/},
  urldate = {2018-04-23}
}

@report{Energ12,
  location = {{Luxembourg}},
  title = {Energy Roadmap 2050},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/energy-strategy-and-energy-union/2050-energy-strategy},
  institution = {{Publications Office of the European Union}},
  date = {2012},
  doi = {10.2833/10759}
}

@misc{Paris15,
  title = {Paris {{Agreement}}},
  url = {https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement},
  publisher = {{United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change}},
  urldate = {2018-04-23},
  date = {2015}
}

@report{World17,
  location = {{Paris, France}},
  title = {World {{Energy Outlook}} 2017},
  url = {https://www.iea.org/weo2017/},
  institution = {{International Energy Agency}},
  urldate = {2018-05-20},
  date = {2017}
}

@online{North,
  title = {North {{Sea}} | {{European MSP Platform}}},
  url = {https://www.msp-platform.eu/sea-basins/north-sea-0},
  urldate = {2018-06-01}
}

@unpublished{Glism18,
  title = {Modelling from a {{TSO Perspective}} - {{TenneT NL}}},
  date = {2018-09-06},
  author = {Glismann, Samuel},
  note = {ENSYSTRA Summer School - Modelling Energy Systems 1: Setting the Interdisciplinary Stage, Flensburg, Germany}
}

@article{Pfenn14,
  title = {Energy Systems Modeling for Twenty-First Century Energy Challenges},
  volume = {33},
  issn = {1364-0321},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032114000872},
  doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2014.02.003},
  abstract = {Energy systems models are important methods used to generate a range of insight and analysis on the supply and demand of energy. Developed over the second half of the twentieth century, they are now seeing increased relevance in the face of stringent climate policy, energy security and economic development concerns, and increasing challenges due to the changing nature of the twenty-first century energy system. In this paper, we look particularly at models relevant to national and international energy policy, grouping them into four categories: energy systems optimization models, energy systems simulation models, power systems and electricity market models, and qualitative and mixed-methods scenarios. We examine four challenges they face and the efforts being taken to address them: (1) resolving time and space, (2) balancing uncertainty and transparency, (3) addressing the growing complexity of the energy system, and (4) integrating human behavior and social risks and opportunities. In discussing these challenges, we present possible avenues for future research and make recommendations to ensure the continued relevance for energy systems models as important sources of information for policy-making.},
  journaltitle = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},
  shortjournal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},
  urldate = {2018-09-14},
  date = {2014-05-01},
  pages = {74-86},
  keywords = {Complexity,Energy policy,Energy systems modeling,High-resolution modeling,Uncertainty},
  author = {Pfenninger, Stefan and Hawkes, Adam and Keirstead, James}
}

@online{Pinso,
  langid = {american},
  title = {Renewables in {{Electricity Markets}} « {{Pierre Pinson}}},
  url = {http://pierrepinson.com/?page_id=913},
  urldate = {2018-12-09},
  author = {Pinson, Pierre}
}

@report{Thec15,
  langid = {english},
  location = {{Heverlee, Belgium}},
  title = {The Current Electricity Market Design in {{Europe}}},
  url = {https://set.kuleuven.be/ei/factsheets},
  series = {{{EI Fact}} Sheet},
  institution = {{KU Leuven Energy Institute}},
  urldate = {2018-11-29},
  date = {2015-01}
}

@online{Help,
  title = {Help {{Page}} - {{ENTSO}}-{{E Transparency Platform}}},
  url = {https://transparency.entsoe.eu/content/static_content/Static%20content/knowledge%20base/knowledge%20base.html},
  urldate = {2019-08-12}
}

@artwork{Nordw15,
  title = {English: {{A}} Blank {{Map}} of {{Europe}} in {{SVG}} Format without Disputed Areas and Conflict Regions.},
  url = {https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blank_map_of_Europe_(without_disputed_regions).svg},
  shorttitle = {English},
  urldate = {2019-07-08},
  date = {2015-04-18},
  author = {derivative work: Nordwestern, of}
}

@inreference{Count19,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Counties of {{Norway}}},
  url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_Norway&oldid=890663009},
  abstract = {Norway is divided into 18 administrative regions, called counties (singular Norwegian: fylke, plural Norwegian: fylker (Bokmål) / fylke (Nynorsk) from Old Norse: fylki from the word "folk"); until 1918, they were known as amter. The counties form the first-level subdivisions of Norway and are further divided into 422 municipalities (kommune,  pl. kommuner / kommunar). The island territories of Svalbard and Jan Mayen are outside the county division and ruled directly at the national level. The capital Oslo is considered both a county and a municipality.
In 2017 the government decided to abolish some of the counties and to merge them with other counties to form larger ones.},
  booktitle = {Wikipedia},
  urldate = {2019-06-11},
  date = {2019-04-02T19:12:41Z},
  note = {Page Version ID: 890663009}
}

@inreference{Count19a,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Counties of {{Sweden}}},
  url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_Sweden&oldid=882806371},
  abstract = {The counties of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges län) are the top-level geographic subdivisions of Sweden. Sweden is today divided into 21 counties; however, the numbers of counties has varied over time, due to territorial gains/losses and to divisions and/or mergers of existing counties. This level of administrative unit was first established in the 1634 Instrument of Government on Lord Chancellor Count Axel Oxenstierna's initiative, and superseded the historical provinces of Sweden (Swedish: landskap) in order to introduce a more efficient administration of the realm. At that time, they were what the translation of län into English literally means: fiefdoms. The county borders often follow the provincial borders, but the Crown often chose to make slight relocations to suit its purposes.
In every county there is a county administrative board (länsstyrelse) headed by a governor (landshövding), appointed by the government, as well as a separate county council (landsting). In the county of Gotland however, the landsting has merged with the county's only municipality.
The aims of the county administrative board are to supervise local state administration (that is not otherwise assigned to other government agencies), and to coordinate political goals with the central government. The county council is the elected regional political assembly that oversees the municipal affairs of the county, primarily in regards to public healthcare, public transport, and culture.
Several other government agencies are organised on a county basis, including the main bodies of the police, employment, social insurance, and forestry services.},
  booktitle = {Wikipedia},
  urldate = {2019-06-11},
  date = {2019-02-11T13:05:43Z},
  note = {Page Version ID: 882806371}
}

@online{NUTS,
  title = {{{NUTS}} - {{Nomenclature}} of Territorial Units for Statistics - {{Eurostat}}},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/nuts/background},
  urldate = {2019-06-11}
}

@online{PCRE17,
  langid = {american},
  title = {{{PCR}} \& {{EUPHEMIA}} Algorithm, the {{European Power Exchanges}} Project to Couple Electricity Market!},
  url = {https://www.n-side.com/pcr-euphemia-algorithm-european-power-exchanges-price-coupling-electricity-market/},
  abstract = {PCR is the project of European Power Exchanges to develop a single price coupling solution to calculate electricity prices called EUPHEMIA.},
  journaltitle = {N-SIDE},
  urldate = {2019-01-29},
  date = {2017-09-09T09:17:37+00:00}
}

@online{Power,
  title = {Power | {{Statkraft}}},
  url = {https://www.statkraft.com/market-operations/standard-energy-products/power-electricity/},
  urldate = {2019-07-26}
}

@online{Europ10,
  title = {European {{Commission}} - {{PRESS RELEASES}} - {{Press}} Release - {{Antitrust}}: {{Commission}} Increases Electricity Trading Capacity on the {{Swedish}} Borders},
  url = {http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-10-425_en.htm?locale=en},
  urldate = {2019-06-25},
  date = {2010-04-14}
}

@report{List,
  title = {List of Changes in Day-Ahead and Intraday Areas},
  url = {https://www.nordpoolspot.com/globalassets/download-center/day-ahead/elspot-area-change-log.pdf},
  institution = {{Nord Pool}},
  urldate = {2019-06-24}
}

@online{NordP,
  title = {{{NordPool}} - {{REMIT UMM}}},
  url = {https://umm.nordpoolgroup.com/},
  urldate = {2019-07-26}
}

@report{REMIT16,
  title = {{{REMIT UMM User Manual}}},
  url = {https://www.nordpoolspot.com/globalassets/download-center/remit/remit-umm-user-manual-20161130.pdf},
  institution = {{Nord Pool}},
  date = {2016-12-01}
}

@online{Abouta,
  title = {About {{Us}} | {{BMRS}}},
  url = {https://www2.bmreports.com/bmrs/?q=help/about-us},
  urldate = {2019-08-29}
}

@online{Aboutb,
  title = {About {{ELEXON}} - {{ELEXON}}},
  url = {https://www.elexon.co.uk/about/about-elexon/},
  urldate = {2019-08-29}
}

@online{Publi,
  title = {Publish and Receive Urgent Market Messages Quickly and Easily | {{Nord Pool}}},
  url = {http://www.nordpoolgroup.com/services/compliance/umm/},
  abstract = {To meet the ever changing demands of the modern power market we have developed REMIT Urgent Market Messaging (REMIT UMM), a highly effective regulatory reporting tool enabling all European market participants to publish and receive urgent market messages quickly and easily.},
  urldate = {2019-08-29}
}

@report{ENTSO16,
  location = {{Brussels, Belgium}},
  title = {{{ENTSO}}-{{E Transparency Platform Data Extraction Process Implementation Guide}}},
  url = {https://transparency.entsoe.eu/content/static_content/download?path=/Static%20content/web%20api/RestfulAPI_IG.pdf},
  institution = {{ENTSO-E AISBL}},
  date = {2016-07-15}
}

@online{Trans,
  title = {Transparency {{Platform}} Restful {{API}} - User Guide},
  url = {https://transparency.entsoe.eu/content/static_content/Static%20content/web%20api/Guide.html},
  urldate = {2019-09-13}
}

@software{Energ19,
  title = {{{EnergieID}}/Entsoe-Py},
  url = {https://github.com/EnergieID/entsoe-py},
  abstract = {Python client for the ENTSO-E API (european network of transmission system operators for electricity)},
  organization = {{EnergieID cvba-so}},
  urldate = {2019-09-18},
  date = {2019-09-17T00:17:46Z},
  origdate = {2017-07-12T13:17:39Z}
}

@online{DEATL,
  title = {{{DE}}-{{AT}}-{{LU Bidding}} Zone Split - {{News}} - {{ENTSO}}-{{E Transparency Platform}}},
  url = {https://transparency.entsoe.eu/news/widget?id=5b7c1e9b5092e75a10bab903},
  urldate = {2019-09-18}
}

@online{Energa,
  langid = {american},
  title = {Energy {{Identification Codes}} ({{EICs}})},
  url = {https://www.entsoe.eu/data/energy-identification-codes-eic/},
  urldate = {2019-09-18}
}

@online{Wette,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Wetter Und {{Klima}} - {{Deutscher Wetterdienst}} - {{CDC}} ({{Climate Data Center}})},
  url = {https://www.dwd.de/EN/climate_environment/cdc/cdc_node.html},
  abstract = {CDC (Climate Data Center)},
  urldate = {2019-09-19}
}

@preamble{ "\ifdefined\DeclarePrefChars\DeclarePrefChars{'’-}\else\fi " }