diff --git a/server/models/views/target-area.js b/server/models/views/target-area.js
index 402a8526f..2ee719983 100644
--- a/server/models/views/target-area.js
+++ b/server/models/views/target-area.js
@@ -6,32 +6,20 @@ const getThresholdsForTargetArea = require('./lib/latest-levels')
 class ViewModel {
   constructor (options) {
     const { area, flood, parentFlood, thresholds } = options
-    const severityLevel = flood && severity.filter(item => {
-      return item.id === flood.severity_value
-    })[0]
-    const parentSeverityLevel = parentFlood && severity.filter(item => {
-      return item.id === parentFlood.severity_value
-    })[0]
 
-    const type = area.code.charAt(4).toLowerCase() === 'w'
-      ? 'warning'
-      : 'alert'
+    const severityLevel = flood && severity.filter(item => item.id === flood.severity_value)[0]
+    const parentSeverityLevel = parentFlood && severity.filter(item => item.id === parentFlood.severity_value)[0]
 
-    const mapTitle = `View map of the flood ${type} area`
+    const type = area.code.charAt(4).toLowerCase() === 'w' ? 'warning' : 'alert'
 
-    let fallbackText
-    if (type === 'alert') {
-      fallbackText = '<p>We\'ll update this page when there\'s a flood alert in the area, which means flooding to low lying land is possible.</p>'
-    } else {
-      fallbackText = '<p>We\'ll update this page when there\'s a flood warning in the area.</p><p>A flood warning means flooding to some property is expected. A severe flood warning means there\'s a danger to life.</p>'
-    }
+    const mapTitle = `View map of the flood ${type} area`
 
+    const fallbackText = getFallbackText(type)
     let situation = fallbackText
+
     if (flood?.situation) {
       flood.situation = flood.situation.trim()
-      const message = flood.situation
-
-      situation = messageValidator(message)
+      situation = messageValidator(flood.situation)
     }
 
     const dateSituationChanged = flood
@@ -44,19 +32,18 @@ class ViewModel {
 
     area.description = area.description.trim()
     const description = area.description.endsWith('.') ? area.description.slice(0, -1) : area.description
+
     const areaDescription = `Flood ${type} area: ${description}.`
     const metaDescription = `Flooding information and advice for the area: ${description}.`
 
     const parentAreaAlert = (!!(((flood && severityLevel.id === 4) && (type === 'warning')) || !flood) && (parentSeverityLevel?.isActive))
-    let situationChanged = flood
-      ? `Updated ${timeSituationChanged} on ${dateSituationChanged}`
-      : `Up to date as of ${timeSituationChanged} on ${dateSituationChanged}`
 
-    if (severityLevel?.id === 4) {
-      situationChanged = `Removed ${timeSituationChanged} on ${dateSituationChanged}`
-    }
+    const situationChanged = getSituationChangedText(flood, severityLevel, timeSituationChanged, dateSituationChanged)
+
+    const pageTitle = severityLevel?.isActive
+      ? `${severityLevel.title} for ${area.name}`
+      : `${area.name} flood ${type} area`
 
-    const pageTitle = (severityLevel?.isActive ? `${severityLevel.title} for ${area.name}` : `${area.name} flood ${type} area`)
     const metaCanonical = `/target-area/${area.code}`
 
     const latestLevels = thresholds ? getThresholdsForTargetArea(thresholds) : null
@@ -85,8 +72,26 @@ class ViewModel {
   }
 }
 
+function getFallbackText (type) {
+  if (type === 'alert') {
+    return '<p>We\'ll update this page when there\'s a flood alert in the area, which means flooding to low lying land is possible.</p>'
+  } else {
+    return '<p>We\'ll update this page when there\'s a flood warning in the area.</p><p>A flood warning means flooding to some property is expected. A severe flood warning means there\'s a danger to life.</p>'
+  }
+}
+
+function getSituationChangedText (flood, severityLevel, timeSituationChanged, dateSituationChanged) {
+  if (severityLevel?.id === 4) {
+    return `Removed ${timeSituationChanged} on ${dateSituationChanged}`
+  }
+  return flood
+    ? `Updated ${timeSituationChanged} on ${dateSituationChanged}`
+    : `Up to date as of ${timeSituationChanged} on ${dateSituationChanged}`
+}
+
 function messageValidator (message) {
   const strippedMessage = message.replace(/(\r?\n)+/g, '\n')
   return strippedMessage.split('\n').map(p => `<p>${p}</p>`).join(' ')
 }
+
 module.exports = ViewModel
diff --git a/server/util.js b/server/util.js
index 1e138a0f4..04fd07bc0 100644
--- a/server/util.js
+++ b/server/util.js
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ const wreck = require('@hapi/wreck').defaults({
 })
 const LocationSearchError = require('./location-search-error')
 const ALLOWED_SEARCH_CHARS = 'a-zA-Z0-9\',-.& ()!'
+const timezone = 'Europe/London'
 
 async function request (method, url, options) {
   let res, payload
@@ -50,12 +51,12 @@ function getJson (url) {
 }
 
 function formatDate (value, format = 'D/M/YY h:mma') {
-  return moment(value).tz('Europe/London').format(format)
+  return moment(value).tz(timezone).format(format)
 }
 
 function formatElapsedTime (datetime) {
-  const now = moment.tz('Europe/London')
-  const diffMinutes = now.diff(moment.tz(datetime, 'Europe/London'), 'minutes')
+  const now = moment.tz(timezone)
+  const diffMinutes = now.diff(moment.tz(datetime, timezone), 'minutes')
 
   if (diffMinutes < 60) {
     return `${diffMinutes} minutes ago`