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OpenDTU

OpenDTU Build cpplint

Background

This project was started from this discussion (Mikrocontroller.net). It was the goal to replace the original Hoymiles DTU (Telemetry Gateway) with their cloud access. With a lot of reverse engineering the Hoymiles protocol was decrypted and analyzed.

Screenshots

Several screenshots of the frontend can be found here: Screenshots

Builds

Different builds from existing installations can be found here Builds Like to show your own build? Just send me a Pull Request.

Currently supported Inverters

  • Hoymiles HM-300
  • Hoymiles HM-350
  • Hoymiles HM-400
  • Hoymiles HM-600
  • Hoymiles HM-700
  • Hoymiles HM-800
  • Hoymiles HM-1000
  • Hoymiles HM-1200
  • Hoymiles HM-1500
  • TSUN TSOL-M350 (Maybe depending on firmware/serial number on the inverter)
  • TSUN TSOL-M800 (Maybe depending on firmware/serial number on the inverter)
  • TSUN TSOL-M1600 (Maybe depending on firmware/serial number on the inverter)

TSUN compatibility remark: Compatibility with OpenDTU seems to be related to serial numbers. Current findings indicate that TSUN inverters with a serial number starting with "11" are supported, whereby inverters with a serial number starting with "10" are not. Firmware version seems to play not a significant role and cannot be read from the stickers. For completeness, the following firmware version have been reported to work with OpenDTU:

  • v1.0.8, v1.0.10 TSOL-M800 (DE)
  • v1.0.12 TSOL-M1600

Features for end users

  • Read live data from inverter
  • Show inverters internal event log
  • Show inverter information like firmware version, firmware build date, hardware revision and hardware version
  • Show and set the current inverter limit
  • Function to turn the inverter off and on
  • Uses ESP32 microcontroller and NRF24L01+
  • Multi-Inverter support
  • MQTT support (with TLS)
  • Home Assistant MQTT Auto Discovery support
  • Nice and fancy WebApp with visualization of current data
  • Firmware upgrade using the web UI
  • Default source supports up to 10 inverters
  • Time zone support
  • Ethernet support
  • Prometheus API endpoint (/api/prometheus/metrics)
  • English, german and french web interface
  • Displays (SSD1306, SH1106, PCD8544)

Features for developers

  • The microcontroller part

  • The WebApp part

    • Build with Vue.js
    • Source is written in TypeScript

Hardware you need

ESP32 board

For ease of use, buy a "ESP32 DEVKIT DOIT" or "ESP32 NodeMCU Development Board" with an ESP32-S3 or ESP-WROOM-32 chipset on it.

Sample Picture:

NodeMCU-ESP32

Also supported: Board with Ethernet-Connector and Power-over-Ethernet Olimex ESP32-POE

NRF24L01+ radio board

The PLUS sign is IMPORTANT! There are different variants available, with antenna on the printed circuit board or external antenna.

Sample picture:

nrf24l01plus

Buy your hardware from a trusted source, at best from a dealer/online shop in your country where you have support and the right to return non-functional hardware. When you want to buy from Amazon, AliExpress, eBay etc., take note that there is a lot of low-quality or fake hardware offered. Read customer comments and ratings carefully!

A heavily incomplete list of trusted hardware shops in germany is:

This list is for your convenience only, the project is not related to any of these shops.

Power supply

Use a power suppy with 5 V and 1 A. The USB cable connected to your PC/Notebook may be powerful enough or may be not.

Wiring up

Schematic

Schematic

Symbolic view

Symbolic

Change pin assignment

Its possible to change all the pins of the NRF24L01+ module. This can be achieved by copying one of the [env:....] sections from 'platformio.ini' to 'platformio_override.ini' and editing the 'platformio_override.ini' file and add/change one or more of the following lines to the 'build_flags' parameter:

-DHOYMILES_PIN_MISO=19
-DHOYMILES_PIN_MOSI=23
-DHOYMILES_PIN_SCLK=18
-DHOYMILES_PIN_IRQ=16
-DHOYMILES_PIN_CE=4
-DHOYMILES_PIN_CS=5

It is recommended to make all changes only in the 'platformio_override.ini', this is your personal copy. You can also change the pins by creating a custom device profile.

Flashing and starting up

with Visual Studio Code

  • Install Visual Studio Code (from now named "vscode")
  • In Visual Studio Code, install the PlatformIO Extension
  • Install git and enable git in vscode - git download - Instructions
  • Clone this repository (you really have to clone it, don't just download the ZIP file. During the build process the git hash gets embedded into the firmware. If you download the ZIP file a build error will occur): Inside vscode open the command palette by pressing CTRL + SHIFT + P. Enter git clone, add the repository-URL https://github.com/tbnobody/OpenDTU. Next you have to choose (or create) a target directory.
  • In vscode, choose File --> Open Folder and select the previously downloaded source code. (You have to select the folder which contains the "platformio.ini" and "platformio_override.ini" file)
  • Adjust the COM port in the file "platformio_override.ini" for your USB-to-serial-converter. It occurs twice:
    • upload_port
    • monitor_port
  • Select the arrow button in the blue bottom status bar (PlatformIO: Upload) to compile and upload the firmware. During the compilation, all required libraries are downloaded automatically.
  • There are two videos showing these steps:

on the commandline with PlatformIO Core

  • Install PlatformIO Core
  • Clone this repository (you really have to clone it, don't just download the ZIP file. During the build process the git hash gets embedded into the firmware. If you download the ZIP file a build error will occur)
  • Adjust the COM port in the file "platformio_override.ini". It occurs twice:
    • upload_port
    • monitor_port
  • build: platformio run -e generic
  • upload to esp module: platformio run -e generic -t upload
  • other options:
    • clean the sources: platformio run -e generic -t clean
    • erase flash: platformio run -e generic -t erase

using the pre-compiled .bin files

The pre-compiled files can be found on the github page in the tab "Actions" and the sub menu "OpenDTU Build". Just choose the latest build from the master branch (search for "master" in the blue font text but click on the white header text!). You need to be logged in with your github account to download the files. Use a ESP32 flash tool of your choice (see next chapter) and flash the .bin files to the right addresses:

Address File
0x1000 bootloader.bin
0x8000 partitions.bin
0xe000 boot_app0.bin
0x10000 opendtu-*.bin

For further updates you can just use the web interface and upload the opendtu-*.bin file.

Flash with esptool.py (Linux)

esptool.py --port /dev/ttyUSB0 --chip esp32 --before default_reset --after hard_reset \
  write_flash --flash_mode dout --flash_freq 40m --flash_size detect \
  0x1000 bootloader.bin \
  0x8000 partitions.bin \
  0xe000 boot_app0.bin \
  0x10000 opendtu-generic.bin

Flash with Espressif Flash Download Tool (Windows)

Download link

  • On startup, select Chip Type -> "ESP32" / WorkMode -> "Develop"
  • Prepare all settings (see picture). Make sure to uncheck the DoNotChgBin option. Otherwise you may get errors like "invalid header".
  • flash tool image
  • Press "Erase" button on screen. Look into the terminal window, you should see dots appear. Then press the "Boot" button on the ESP32 board. Wait for "FINISH" to see if flashing/erasing is done.
  • To program, press "Start" on screen, then the "Boot" button.
  • When flashing is complete (FINISH appears) then press the Reset button on the ESP32 board (or powercycle ) to start the OpenDTU application.

Flash with ESP_Flasher (Windows)

Users report that ESP_Flasher is suitable for flashing OpenDTU on Windows.

Flash with ESP_Flasher - web version

It is also possible to flash it via the web tools which might be more convenient and is platformindependent.

First configuration

  • After the initial flashing of the microcontroller, an Access Point called "OpenDTU-*" is opened. The default password is "openDTU42".
  • Use a web browser to open the address http://192.168.4.1
  • Navigate to Settings --> Network Settings and enter your WiFi credentials. The username to access the config menu is "admin" and the password the same as for accessing the Access Point (default: "openDTU42").
  • OpenDTU then simultaneously connects to your WiFi AP with these credentials. Navigate to Info --> Network and look into section "Network Interface (Station)" for the IP address received via DHCP.
  • If your WiFi AP uses an allow-list for MAC-addresses, please be aware that the ESP32 has two different MAC addresses for its AP and client modes, they are also listed at Info --> Network.
  • When OpenDTU is connected to a configured WiFI AP, the "OpenDTU-*" Access Point is closed after 3 minutes.
  • OpenDTU needs access to a working NTP server to get the current date & time. Both are sent to the inverter with each request. Default NTP server is pool.ntp.org. If your network has different requirements please change accordingly (Settings --> NTP Settings).
  • Add your inverter in the inverter settings (Settings --> Inverter Settings)

Flashing an Update using "Over The Air" OTA Update

Once you have your OpenDTU running and connected to WLAN, you can do further updates through the web interface. Navigate to Settings --> Firmware upgrade and press the browse button. Select the firmware file from your local computer.

You'll find the firmware file (after a successfull build process) under .pio/build/generic/firmware.bin.

If you downloaded a precompiled zip archive, unpack it and choose opendtu-generic.bin.

After the successful upload, the OpenDTU immediately restarts into the new firmware.

MQTT Topic Documentation

A documentation of all available MQTT Topics can be found here: MQTT Documentation

Web API Documentation

A documentation of the Web API can be found here: Web-API Documentation

Available cases

Building

  • Building the WebApp

    • The WebApp can be build using yarn
    $ cd webapp
$ yarn install
$ yarn build
    • The updated output is placed in the 'webapp_dist' directory
    • It is only necessary to build the webapp when you made changes to it

  • Building the microcontroller firmware

    • Visual Studio Code with the PlatformIO Extension is required for building

Troubleshooting

  • First: When there is no light on the solar panels, the inverter completely turns off and does not answer to OpenDTU! So if you assembled your OpenDTU in the evening, wait until tomorrow.
  • When there is no data received from the inverter(s) - try to reduce the distance between the openDTU and the inverter (e.g. move it to the window towards the roof)
  • Under Settings -> DTU Settings you can increase the transmit power "PA level". Default is "minimum".
  • The NRF24L01+ needs relatively much current. With bad power supply (and especially bad cables!) a 10 µF capacitor soldered directly to the NRF24L01+ board connector brings more stability (pin 1+2 are the power supply). Note the polarity of the capacitor…
  • You can try to use an USB power supply with 1 A or more instead of connecting the ESP32 to the computer.
  • Try a different USB cable. Once again, a stable power source is important. Some USB cables are made of much plastic and very little copper inside.
  • Double check that you have a radio module NRF24L01+ with a plus sign at the end. NRF24L01 module without the plus are not compatible with this project.
  • There is no possibility of auto-discovering the inverters. Double check you have entered the serial numbers of the inverters correctly.
  • OpenDTU needs access to a working NTP server to get the current date & time.
  • If your problem persists, check the Issues on Github. Please inspect not only the open issues, also the closed issues contain useful information.
  • Another source of information are the Discussions
  • When flashing with VSCode Plattform.IO fails and also with ESPRESSIF tool a demo bin file cannot be flashed to the ESP32 with error message "A fatal error occurred: MD5 of file does not match data in flash!" than un-wire/unconnect ESP32 from the NRF24L01+ board. Try to flash again and rewire afterwards.

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