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Activation Maximization Optimizer Development

Background

This project aims at benchmarking, analyzing and improving performance for evolutionary optimizers for activation maximization.

We conducted two rounds of in silico benchmark of over 15 gradient free optimizers, using multiple CNN architecture, multiple depth and multiple noise level. We found that CMA type optimizer performed consistently well for this problem. To understand why, we conducted a series of analysis on the mechanism of CMA optimizer. We found that its success is less related to its adaptation of covariance matrix. In contrast, it's related to the implicit angular step size decay during evolution.

We further found some intriguing geometric properties of the evolution trajectory which are comparable to high-dimensional (guided) random walk: the trajectory exhibit sinusoidal structure when projected onto top PC space; the distance travelled in latent space is proportional to square root of step number; the trajectory preferably aligns with the top eigen dimensions of the underlying image manifold.

Given these analyses, we further developped a new optimizer SphereCMA which leverages the spherical geometry of the space and performed better than the original CMA optimizer.

Try it out!

import numpy as np
from time import time
from core.insilico_exps import ExperimentEvolution
from core.Optimizers import CholeskyCMAES, ZOHA_Sphere_lr_euclid, Genetic, pycma_optimizer

tmpsavedir = "" # Temporary save directory

# load optimizer
optim = CholeskyCMAES(4096, population_size=40, init_sigma=2.0, Aupdate_freq=10, init_code=np.zeros([1, 4096]))
# un-comment to use our new one! 
# optim = ZOHA_Sphere_lr_euclid(4096, population_size=40, select_size=20, lr=1.5, sphere_norm=300)
# optim.lr_schedule(n_gen=75, mode="exp", lim=(50, 7.33) ,)
explabel, model_unit = "alexnet_fc8_1", ("alexnet", ".classifier.Linear6", 1)
Exp = ExperimentEvolution(model_unit, savedir=tmpsavedir, explabel=explabel, optimizer=optim)
# run evolutions
t1 = time()
Exp.run(optim.get_init_pop())
t2 = time()
print(t2 - t1, "sec")  
Exp.visualize_best()
Exp.visualize_trajectory()
Exp.save_last_gen()

Open In Colab This notebook walks you through Evolution experiments, the basic properties of trajectories (PC structure, etc.) and demonstrates our improved spherical CMA optimizer.

Structure of Repo

  • Root directory contains the python scripts for large scale benchmarking experiments
    • scripts contains the bash scripts for running large scale experiments on cluster.
  • core contains the major toolkit, the key classes and utility functions for activation maximization experiments.
  • analysis contains the scripts for reproducing the statistics and figures in the paper.
  • summary contains raw csv data for the major performance results for our in silico benchmarks.

Dependency

  • pip install cma==3.0.3
  • pip install nevergrad==0.4.2.post5
  • pip install pytorch_pretrained_biggan

Versions: nevergrad 0.4.3 seems to change the default behavior, all our benchmarks were done using the following version of cma and nevergrad

  • cma.__version__=='3.0.3 $Revision: 4430 $ $Date: 2020-04-21 01:19:04 +0200 (Tue, 21 Apr 2020) $'
  • ng.__version__=='0.4.2.post5'